Leading articles How to choose delivery devices for asthma
... nebulisation. Two thirds of the dose released from the nebuliser may be released during expiration and passes into the surrounding air. With many nebulisers, less than 10% of the prescribed dose reaches the lung. The nebuliser does not rely on patient cooperation or coordination to work, although de ...
... nebulisation. Two thirds of the dose released from the nebuliser may be released during expiration and passes into the surrounding air. With many nebulisers, less than 10% of the prescribed dose reaches the lung. The nebuliser does not rely on patient cooperation or coordination to work, although de ...
Physiological implications of the regulation of vacuolar
... Intracellular V-ATPases are important for receptor-mediated endocytosis and intracellular trafficking, protein processing and degradation, coupled transport of small molecules and ions, and the entry of various pathogens into cells (4). An important model for the study of intracellular organelle H-A ...
... Intracellular V-ATPases are important for receptor-mediated endocytosis and intracellular trafficking, protein processing and degradation, coupled transport of small molecules and ions, and the entry of various pathogens into cells (4). An important model for the study of intracellular organelle H-A ...
How to make spinal motor neurons - Development
... Fig. 1. Spinal cord development and motor neuron specification. (A) In early development, gastrulation results in the specification of the cells of the inner cell mass (ICM) into the three germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm. The dorsal region of the ectoderm is further specified into the n ...
... Fig. 1. Spinal cord development and motor neuron specification. (A) In early development, gastrulation results in the specification of the cells of the inner cell mass (ICM) into the three germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm. The dorsal region of the ectoderm is further specified into the n ...
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... pointed ends, containing mesosome-like structures, were encountered throughout the cytoplasm. These slender endosymbionts, considered to be methanogenic bacteria, strongly resembled Methano- ...
... pointed ends, containing mesosome-like structures, were encountered throughout the cytoplasm. These slender endosymbionts, considered to be methanogenic bacteria, strongly resembled Methano- ...
Pavement cell chloroplast behaviour and interactions with other
... Identifying the PCC and creating resources for their characterization The presence of PCC in Arabidopsis was best appreciated when the pavement cells were viewed from a lateral perspective. As shown in Fig. 1 this view was easily achieved for pavement cells lying at the edges of cotyledons and leave ...
... Identifying the PCC and creating resources for their characterization The presence of PCC in Arabidopsis was best appreciated when the pavement cells were viewed from a lateral perspective. As shown in Fig. 1 this view was easily achieved for pavement cells lying at the edges of cotyledons and leave ...
Critical regulation of CD4 T cell survival and autoimmunity by b
... activated T cells1,9–12. Bcl-2 is the prototypic member of this large protein family. In Bcl-2-deficient mice, T cells are much more susceptible to death, and leukopenia occurs as these mice grow old13. Conversely, in Bcl2-transgenic mice, T cells are more resistant to many apoptotic stimuli, immune ...
... activated T cells1,9–12. Bcl-2 is the prototypic member of this large protein family. In Bcl-2-deficient mice, T cells are much more susceptible to death, and leukopenia occurs as these mice grow old13. Conversely, in Bcl2-transgenic mice, T cells are more resistant to many apoptotic stimuli, immune ...
CpG-ODN 2006 and human parvovirus B19 genome consensus
... remained unclear. Human parvovirus B19 is a small, ssDNA virus that lacks an envelope and is characterized by its target specificity for human erythroid-lineage cells. This specificity is in part the result of the distribution of its receptor known as the P antigen globoside,17,18 which, however, is ...
... remained unclear. Human parvovirus B19 is a small, ssDNA virus that lacks an envelope and is characterized by its target specificity for human erythroid-lineage cells. This specificity is in part the result of the distribution of its receptor known as the P antigen globoside,17,18 which, however, is ...
Full Article
... failure (ARF), in emergency hospitals worldwide is highly independent of its different underlying causes. The use of certain antibiotics, like gentamicin, which determines the rapid loss of kidney ability to remove waste and stabilize the balance of fluids and electrolytes, finally causing AKI in ch ...
... failure (ARF), in emergency hospitals worldwide is highly independent of its different underlying causes. The use of certain antibiotics, like gentamicin, which determines the rapid loss of kidney ability to remove waste and stabilize the balance of fluids and electrolytes, finally causing AKI in ch ...
Clinical Implications of Intestinal Stem Cell Markers in Colorectal
... Extensive studies have been performed to identify putative intestinal stem cells markers and their potential role in cancer.13 Some of the driver genomic alterations of CRC are associated to the intestinal stem cells, including sex-determining region y-box 9 (SOX9)5 and leucine-rich repeat-containin ...
... Extensive studies have been performed to identify putative intestinal stem cells markers and their potential role in cancer.13 Some of the driver genomic alterations of CRC are associated to the intestinal stem cells, including sex-determining region y-box 9 (SOX9)5 and leucine-rich repeat-containin ...
The Mechanisms of hsp27 Antibody-Mediated Apoptosis in Retinal
... Flow c ytometr y. For the quantification of DNA fragmentation (Dolzhanskiy and Basch, 1995; Moore et al., 1998), the trypsinized cells were fixed with 2% paraformaldehyde solution for 20 min at room temperature. After washing, cells were incubated with 0.1% Triton X-100 prepared with sodium citrate ...
... Flow c ytometr y. For the quantification of DNA fragmentation (Dolzhanskiy and Basch, 1995; Moore et al., 1998), the trypsinized cells were fixed with 2% paraformaldehyde solution for 20 min at room temperature. After washing, cells were incubated with 0.1% Triton X-100 prepared with sodium citrate ...
Cell intercalation during Drosophila germband extension and its
... Fig. 2, the cells of three such rows are highlighted on photographs taken at 10-minute intervals during germband extension. Each gap that appears in these rows as germband extension proceeds indicates that another cell from a more dorsal or more ventral position has intercalated between two cells th ...
... Fig. 2, the cells of three such rows are highlighted on photographs taken at 10-minute intervals during germband extension. Each gap that appears in these rows as germband extension proceeds indicates that another cell from a more dorsal or more ventral position has intercalated between two cells th ...
BMP Induction of Id Proteins Suppresses Differentiation
... LIF null fibroblasts are deficient at supporting selfrenewal (Stewart et al., 1992) and LIF can replace the requirement for feeders in both routine propagation (Smith et al., 1988; Williams et al., 1988) and de novo derivation (Nichols et al., 1990) of mouse ES cells. LIF and related cytokines that ...
... LIF null fibroblasts are deficient at supporting selfrenewal (Stewart et al., 1992) and LIF can replace the requirement for feeders in both routine propagation (Smith et al., 1988; Williams et al., 1988) and de novo derivation (Nichols et al., 1990) of mouse ES cells. LIF and related cytokines that ...
Transmembrane Domain (TM) 9 Represents a Novel
... represent two different regions within Pgp1 the amino sequences of which, when altered, affect cross-resistance patterns in similar ways. When the two mutant regions are expressed together in a chimeric protein, the level of ActD resistance, relative to DC-3F, is 10-fold higher than that observed fr ...
... represent two different regions within Pgp1 the amino sequences of which, when altered, affect cross-resistance patterns in similar ways. When the two mutant regions are expressed together in a chimeric protein, the level of ActD resistance, relative to DC-3F, is 10-fold higher than that observed fr ...
THE PLANT CELL CYCLE Walter Dewitte and James A.H. Murray
... certain cellular aspects, including the intracellular localization of proteins, can be studied in individual cells and therefore do not require consistent timing of division between cells, the biochemical and molecular analysis of cell division is predicated on the availability of cell systems that ...
... certain cellular aspects, including the intracellular localization of proteins, can be studied in individual cells and therefore do not require consistent timing of division between cells, the biochemical and molecular analysis of cell division is predicated on the availability of cell systems that ...
A Comprehensive Gene Expression Analysis Toward the
... completely from that of both animals and fungi (Criqui and Genschik 2002). Thus, many genes involved in plant cytokinesis cannot be predicted from the comparison of genomic data of plants and other organisms. To date, several plant-specific genes for cytokinesis have been found using biochemical and ...
... completely from that of both animals and fungi (Criqui and Genschik 2002). Thus, many genes involved in plant cytokinesis cannot be predicted from the comparison of genomic data of plants and other organisms. To date, several plant-specific genes for cytokinesis have been found using biochemical and ...
p53 and Apoptosis - Website Staff UI
... • Oncogenes stimulate cells to grow (or refuse to die). • Mutated oncogenes can stimulate cells even when they are not receiving growth signals. Example: Ras, Akt, Survivin. • Amplification of oncogenes is also found in cancer. Example: MDM2. ...
... • Oncogenes stimulate cells to grow (or refuse to die). • Mutated oncogenes can stimulate cells even when they are not receiving growth signals. Example: Ras, Akt, Survivin. • Amplification of oncogenes is also found in cancer. Example: MDM2. ...
Newspaper Education Supplement
... keeping bodies from decaying has been to embalm them. This involves injecting a chemical called formaldehyde into the body. Formaldehyde has many unique qualities, including the ability to kill most bacteria and to harden the body. However, there are many disadvantages in this method of preservation ...
... keeping bodies from decaying has been to embalm them. This involves injecting a chemical called formaldehyde into the body. Formaldehyde has many unique qualities, including the ability to kill most bacteria and to harden the body. However, there are many disadvantages in this method of preservation ...
Full text - 2nd International Conference of the
... nature of the intercellular connections had to await the advent of electron microscopy and its attendant techniques. It is now apparent that the existence of plasmodesmata makes for the cell to cell continuity that unites the cellular matrix of plant tissues, such as the continuity from cell to cell ...
... nature of the intercellular connections had to await the advent of electron microscopy and its attendant techniques. It is now apparent that the existence of plasmodesmata makes for the cell to cell continuity that unites the cellular matrix of plant tissues, such as the continuity from cell to cell ...
Extracellular Trapping of Soil Contaminants by Root Border Cells
... Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-520-621-5490 ...
... Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-520-621-5490 ...
to the complete text
... the integrity of the actin cytoskeleton. Inactivation of the racE gene in Dictyostelium, for example, results in abnormal actin aggregates and defects in cytokinesis suggesting a role for racE in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton [14]. Overexpression of RacC, another Rac isoform, has been s ...
... the integrity of the actin cytoskeleton. Inactivation of the racE gene in Dictyostelium, for example, results in abnormal actin aggregates and defects in cytokinesis suggesting a role for racE in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton [14]. Overexpression of RacC, another Rac isoform, has been s ...
Rat Dissection
... The Norway rat, Rattus norvegicus, belongs to the family Muridae, a large group of rodents that includes the house mouse, gerbil, and hamster. The rat is believed to have originated in Asia and migrated to Europe in the mid-1550s. During the fourteenth century it is estimated that almost half of the ...
... The Norway rat, Rattus norvegicus, belongs to the family Muridae, a large group of rodents that includes the house mouse, gerbil, and hamster. The rat is believed to have originated in Asia and migrated to Europe in the mid-1550s. During the fourteenth century it is estimated that almost half of the ...
RNA interference screening in Drosophila primary cells for genes
... both the differentiation program of the myogenic pathway and myoblast fusion, illustrating the remarkable conservation of many aspects of myogenesis between flies and vertebrates (Baylies et al., 1998; Chen and Olson, 2004). However, genetic analyses of myofibril assembly have been limited because t ...
... both the differentiation program of the myogenic pathway and myoblast fusion, illustrating the remarkable conservation of many aspects of myogenesis between flies and vertebrates (Baylies et al., 1998; Chen and Olson, 2004). However, genetic analyses of myofibril assembly have been limited because t ...
Acupuncture Calms Anxiety Disorder
... research is highly accessible to a wide audience within the medical community. What follows next is comprehensible within the TCM system but is external to conventional semantics and theoretical constructs. The researchers detailed TCM approaches to the treatment of GAD. The terminology includes ter ...
... research is highly accessible to a wide audience within the medical community. What follows next is comprehensible within the TCM system but is external to conventional semantics and theoretical constructs. The researchers detailed TCM approaches to the treatment of GAD. The terminology includes ter ...
Respiratory System
... elastic, spongy texture due to the nature of the alveoli Right lung is subdivided into three lobes Left lung is subdivided into two lobes Each lobe is divided into smaller lobules, each lobule is serviced by a large bronchiole ...
... elastic, spongy texture due to the nature of the alveoli Right lung is subdivided into three lobes Left lung is subdivided into two lobes Each lobe is divided into smaller lobules, each lobule is serviced by a large bronchiole ...
Two-photon laser scanning microscopy imaging of intact spinal cord and
... 2007). Induction of the microglial injury response is a sensitive measure of such damage (Davalos et al., 2005; Kim and Dustin, 2006). The underlying tissue is also potentially more vulnerable to additional inflammatory artifacts such as acute neutrophil recruitment (Kim and Dustin, 2006). These shor ...
... 2007). Induction of the microglial injury response is a sensitive measure of such damage (Davalos et al., 2005; Kim and Dustin, 2006). The underlying tissue is also potentially more vulnerable to additional inflammatory artifacts such as acute neutrophil recruitment (Kim and Dustin, 2006). These shor ...