Open Access - Scientific Research Publishing
... Usually, plant cells have relatively rigid cell walls that are tightly joined to the adjacent cell walls maintaining the tissue integrity. The growing plant cells have been assumed to be hyper-rectangles with a defined aspect ratio of the longest side to the shortest side. The well-described develop ...
... Usually, plant cells have relatively rigid cell walls that are tightly joined to the adjacent cell walls maintaining the tissue integrity. The growing plant cells have been assumed to be hyper-rectangles with a defined aspect ratio of the longest side to the shortest side. The well-described develop ...
Module 13: The Endocrine System: Hormones and Receptors
... that secretes it (hypothalamus) to the organ that responds to it (pituitary). Write the name or abbreviation (TRH) for the hormone on the arrow line. 3) The next person will draw the next step in the pathway (pituitary secretes thyroid stimulating hormone which binds to receptors on the thyroid) in ...
... that secretes it (hypothalamus) to the organ that responds to it (pituitary). Write the name or abbreviation (TRH) for the hormone on the arrow line. 3) The next person will draw the next step in the pathway (pituitary secretes thyroid stimulating hormone which binds to receptors on the thyroid) in ...
Direct Engagement of Inhibitory Fc Receptor Microbial Immune
... genes). Fc␥RI, Fc␥RIIA, and Fc␥RIII are activating receptors associated with ITAM (15), whereas Fc␥RIIB is an inhibitory receptor that has an ITIM in its cytoplasmic tail (16). Many immunosuppressive signals described for Fc␥RIIB such as inhibition of phagocytosis of IgG-coated particles (17), calci ...
... genes). Fc␥RI, Fc␥RIIA, and Fc␥RIII are activating receptors associated with ITAM (15), whereas Fc␥RIIB is an inhibitory receptor that has an ITIM in its cytoplasmic tail (16). Many immunosuppressive signals described for Fc␥RIIB such as inhibition of phagocytosis of IgG-coated particles (17), calci ...
Full Text - The Journal of Immunology
... dynamics of production require the use of absolute cytokine levels. The baseline production of IL-6 from unstimulated 5637 cells ranged from 5 to 40 pg/ml during a 6-h assay; however, fold induction for the given stimulation’s was consistent between experiments. Experiments were performed at least t ...
... dynamics of production require the use of absolute cytokine levels. The baseline production of IL-6 from unstimulated 5637 cells ranged from 5 to 40 pg/ml during a 6-h assay; however, fold induction for the given stimulation’s was consistent between experiments. Experiments were performed at least t ...
Xyloglucan Endotransglycosylases Have a Function
... (A) Cross-section of the stem. Most XET activity is in the cambium, its recent derivatives, and collenchyma cells in the cortex. Activity also can be seen in developing phloem fibers. (B) Control section heated for 10 min at 90C before incubation with the substrate. (C) Closeup of cambium and phloe ...
... (A) Cross-section of the stem. Most XET activity is in the cambium, its recent derivatives, and collenchyma cells in the cortex. Activity also can be seen in developing phloem fibers. (B) Control section heated for 10 min at 90C before incubation with the substrate. (C) Closeup of cambium and phloe ...
Development of angiosperm seed is a complex process
... Proanthocyanidins are apparently released from the endothelial cells and impregnate walls the inner three cell layers during this period (Fig. 2E). ...
... Proanthocyanidins are apparently released from the endothelial cells and impregnate walls the inner three cell layers during this period (Fig. 2E). ...
Viability and Cytotoxicity Assay Kits for Diverse Cell Types
... discrimination is reduced but can still be detected, even after 24 hours (Figure 15.29). Independence from enzymatic activity. Because it relies on two nucleic acid stains that differ in their membrane permeability, this assay equates loss of cell viability with loss of membrane integrity. Consequen ...
... discrimination is reduced but can still be detected, even after 24 hours (Figure 15.29). Independence from enzymatic activity. Because it relies on two nucleic acid stains that differ in their membrane permeability, this assay equates loss of cell viability with loss of membrane integrity. Consequen ...
implications for key virulence factors in Flavobacterium columnare
... could also carry potential virulence factors. Indeed, OmpA is a virulence factor in several bacterial pathogens, often linked with adhesion and invasion, and SprF is a protein connected with gliding motility and the protein secretion of flavobacteria. ...
... could also carry potential virulence factors. Indeed, OmpA is a virulence factor in several bacterial pathogens, often linked with adhesion and invasion, and SprF is a protein connected with gliding motility and the protein secretion of flavobacteria. ...
Text
... of the body cavities define three fluid-filled cavities: the peritoneal, pleural and pericardial cavities. These serous cavities constitute important reservoirs of innate-like B-cell subsets, also called B1 cells, the major innate function of which is to ensure early immune protection from infection by ...
... of the body cavities define three fluid-filled cavities: the peritoneal, pleural and pericardial cavities. These serous cavities constitute important reservoirs of innate-like B-cell subsets, also called B1 cells, the major innate function of which is to ensure early immune protection from infection by ...
Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in
... (PAHs) in the environment, several bioremediation mechanisms and protocols have been investigated to restore PAH-contaminated sites. The transport of organic contaminants among plant cells via tissues and their partition in roots, stalks, and leaves resulting from transpiration and lipid content hav ...
... (PAHs) in the environment, several bioremediation mechanisms and protocols have been investigated to restore PAH-contaminated sites. The transport of organic contaminants among plant cells via tissues and their partition in roots, stalks, and leaves resulting from transpiration and lipid content hav ...
The Chemical Defense Ecology of Marine Unicellular Plankton
... (Jones et al., 1978). These generally appear to be mixing reactions initiated when grazing injury disrupts compartmented enzyme-substrate systems. Such systems are elegant solutions to minimizing self-toxicity and the energetic cost of defense capability. Since microbes typically operate on short ti ...
... (Jones et al., 1978). These generally appear to be mixing reactions initiated when grazing injury disrupts compartmented enzyme-substrate systems. Such systems are elegant solutions to minimizing self-toxicity and the energetic cost of defense capability. Since microbes typically operate on short ti ...
life in a drop of water
... variety of fascinating pond organisms. The narrator then states that these organisms can be found in every lake, pond, stream and puddle. Mostly microscopic in size, hundreds, even thousands, can be found in a single drop of water. Students are then featured at a pond collecting pond water to study ...
... variety of fascinating pond organisms. The narrator then states that these organisms can be found in every lake, pond, stream and puddle. Mostly microscopic in size, hundreds, even thousands, can be found in a single drop of water. Students are then featured at a pond collecting pond water to study ...
Angiotensin-Induced Desensitization of the Phosphoinositide
... buffer in these experiments. Previous results5,15 have supported the idea that the effects of Ang II are mediated by protein kinase C in cultured heart cells. Ang II and phorbol esters evoked the same changes in contractile behavior and whole-cell Ca2' current.15 Further, both agents increased the p ...
... buffer in these experiments. Previous results5,15 have supported the idea that the effects of Ang II are mediated by protein kinase C in cultured heart cells. Ang II and phorbol esters evoked the same changes in contractile behavior and whole-cell Ca2' current.15 Further, both agents increased the p ...
FURTHER STUDIES ON THE THETA CELL OF THE MOUSE
... Theta cells show dense aggregations of the endoplasmic reticulum at the cell periphery corresponding with the basophilic region observed by light microscopy (Fig. 1). In this area, membranebounded cavities of the endoplasmic reticulum are very flattened and extend to distant areas. The contents of t ...
... Theta cells show dense aggregations of the endoplasmic reticulum at the cell periphery corresponding with the basophilic region observed by light microscopy (Fig. 1). In this area, membranebounded cavities of the endoplasmic reticulum are very flattened and extend to distant areas. The contents of t ...
Cellular studies of neuromuscular disorders related to the
... Cultured myoblasts go through three morphological and biochemical distinct developmental stages. The first stage is proliferation, proceeding through at least one round of cell division with high motility rate compared to other cultured cells. The cultured myoblasts have limited proliferation capaci ...
... Cultured myoblasts go through three morphological and biochemical distinct developmental stages. The first stage is proliferation, proceeding through at least one round of cell division with high motility rate compared to other cultured cells. The cultured myoblasts have limited proliferation capaci ...
Activation of clinically used anthracyclines by the formaldehyde
... hydrogen bonding of the drug to the other strand of DNA endows adducts with cross-link – like characteristics, such as double-strand stabilization (10 – 14). However, it is only recently that this knowledge of DNA adduct formation has been exploited in the form of new drug derivatives and new approa ...
... hydrogen bonding of the drug to the other strand of DNA endows adducts with cross-link – like characteristics, such as double-strand stabilization (10 – 14). However, it is only recently that this knowledge of DNA adduct formation has been exploited in the form of new drug derivatives and new approa ...
The Effect of Ethylenediaminetetra-acetic Acid on the Cell Walls of
... identification of amino acids and were examined by two-dimensional paper chromatography with solvents pyridine +water (4 + 1, by vol.) followed by n-butanol + acetic acid+water ( 6 + 1 + 2 , by vol.; Salton & Pavlik, 1960), and also by onedimensional chromatography with solvent pyridine + ethyl acet ...
... identification of amino acids and were examined by two-dimensional paper chromatography with solvents pyridine +water (4 + 1, by vol.) followed by n-butanol + acetic acid+water ( 6 + 1 + 2 , by vol.; Salton & Pavlik, 1960), and also by onedimensional chromatography with solvent pyridine + ethyl acet ...
Heat stress-induced localization of small heat shock
... identity, 57% similarity) with aB-crystallin, immunostaining with an Hsp25-specific antibody shows that this protein is mostly found in the cytoplasm with little or no distribution in the nucleus (Fig. 1D). Members of another class of heat shock proteins, Hsp70 and its constitutive isoform, Hsc70, a ...
... identity, 57% similarity) with aB-crystallin, immunostaining with an Hsp25-specific antibody shows that this protein is mostly found in the cytoplasm with little or no distribution in the nucleus (Fig. 1D). Members of another class of heat shock proteins, Hsp70 and its constitutive isoform, Hsc70, a ...
A Discussion of the Mechanism of Action of Steroid Hormones*
... The steroids may be classified as hormones when they originate in one group of cells and regu late the physiologic behavior of other cells in the same multicellular organism. Through the classical methods of endocrinology, involving extirpation of various organs and hormone replacement, a number of ...
... The steroids may be classified as hormones when they originate in one group of cells and regu late the physiologic behavior of other cells in the same multicellular organism. Through the classical methods of endocrinology, involving extirpation of various organs and hormone replacement, a number of ...
Interpreting Multimedia (Healthy Lungs and Heart)
... there’s lots of oxygen there, and not much oxygen there, so there’s a pressure to push the oxygen across into the blood. Now, the carbon dioxide is in the blood and that’s these molecules here, with two reds and one black, that’s the carbon dioxide, is in the blood, there’s lots in the blood and not ...
... there’s lots of oxygen there, and not much oxygen there, so there’s a pressure to push the oxygen across into the blood. Now, the carbon dioxide is in the blood and that’s these molecules here, with two reds and one black, that’s the carbon dioxide, is in the blood, there’s lots in the blood and not ...
Ultrastructure of last larval instar fat body cells of Pachycondyla
... disappearance of tyrosine coincides with a need for phenolic precursor in epidermal cells for cuticular tanning (Mcdermid and Locke, 1983; Chapman, 1998). Therefore, the presence of these vacuoles in the last larval instar of P. villosa can be an ultrastructural indication of tyrosine accumulation, ...
... disappearance of tyrosine coincides with a need for phenolic precursor in epidermal cells for cuticular tanning (Mcdermid and Locke, 1983; Chapman, 1998). Therefore, the presence of these vacuoles in the last larval instar of P. villosa can be an ultrastructural indication of tyrosine accumulation, ...
Transport Between the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Golgi Apparatus
... It has been demonstrated through in vitro studies of nonplant systems that the coat proteins of COPII vesicles form two heterodimeric complexes that are sequentially recruited to the membrane by activated Sar1p (40,42). Sec23/24p binds to Sar1p, after which the Sec13/31p complex completes the coat. ...
... It has been demonstrated through in vitro studies of nonplant systems that the coat proteins of COPII vesicles form two heterodimeric complexes that are sequentially recruited to the membrane by activated Sar1p (40,42). Sec23/24p binds to Sar1p, after which the Sec13/31p complex completes the coat. ...
Glycan-independent Role of Calnexin in the Intracellular
... Secreted and plasma membrane proteins are assembled into their native tertiary and quaternary structure in the ER. Incorrect assembly targets proteins for degradation (19 –22). The lectins calnexin (CNX) and calreticulin (CRT) are critical elements of ER quality control for glycoproteins. These lect ...
... Secreted and plasma membrane proteins are assembled into their native tertiary and quaternary structure in the ER. Incorrect assembly targets proteins for degradation (19 –22). The lectins calnexin (CNX) and calreticulin (CRT) are critical elements of ER quality control for glycoproteins. These lect ...
- Wiley Online Library
... ring. PtdIns3P has previously been imaged using the biosensor YFP–2 · FYVE (Vermeer et al., 2006; Voigt et al., 2005). To investigate whether there is any overlap between PtdIns3P and PtdIns4P pools, stably transformed BY-2 cells expressing both biosensors were generated. mRFP–PHFAPP1 was present on ...
... ring. PtdIns3P has previously been imaged using the biosensor YFP–2 · FYVE (Vermeer et al., 2006; Voigt et al., 2005). To investigate whether there is any overlap between PtdIns3P and PtdIns4P pools, stably transformed BY-2 cells expressing both biosensors were generated. mRFP–PHFAPP1 was present on ...
MamPhysioDryPeriod
... secretion in the gland increases for 2 to 4 days after drying-off, then declines rapidly over the next week. Fluid volume continues to decrease through ~30 days (in a 45-60 day dry period). Concentrations of milk-specific components (caseins, a-lactalbumin, ßlactoglobulin, and milk fat) decline slow ...
... secretion in the gland increases for 2 to 4 days after drying-off, then declines rapidly over the next week. Fluid volume continues to decrease through ~30 days (in a 45-60 day dry period). Concentrations of milk-specific components (caseins, a-lactalbumin, ßlactoglobulin, and milk fat) decline slow ...