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LIVING CHARACTERISTICS Organization
LIVING CHARACTERISTICS Organization

... The specialized structures inside the cell are called organelles and they carry out specific functions. CELL STRUCTURES (found only in plant cells) Cell Wall - are much thicker and more rigid than membranes, providing support for the plant or fungi ’Frame’ Chloroplasts - are the structures in which ...
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The Cell Theory Questions
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Cells (Part 2)
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... channels, and carriers. For example, glucose, although it can move freely into nerve cells and must be available for the brain, does not move across the cell membrane of most other cells. It needs a door to be opened by insulin and then carried into the cell. The membrane protein is also involved in ...
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Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
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