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... few of these genes are the same as the genes expressed during sporulation in S. cerevisiae (Mata et al., 2002). This observation suggests that in addition to meiotic processes conserved across eukaryotes, sporulation, including meiosis, involves processes that are more evolutionarily divergent and r ...
... few of these genes are the same as the genes expressed during sporulation in S. cerevisiae (Mata et al., 2002). This observation suggests that in addition to meiotic processes conserved across eukaryotes, sporulation, including meiosis, involves processes that are more evolutionarily divergent and r ...
- University of East Anglia
... levels in the primitive streak (Fig. 2K), sections showed that transcripts were expressed in mesoderm overlapping with Lef-1 (Fig. 2K⬘). Lef-1 transcripts were detected at high levels in Hensen’s node, primitive streak, and mesoderm emerging from the streak (Fig. 2L, see also Skromne and Stern, 2001 ...
... levels in the primitive streak (Fig. 2K), sections showed that transcripts were expressed in mesoderm overlapping with Lef-1 (Fig. 2K⬘). Lef-1 transcripts were detected at high levels in Hensen’s node, primitive streak, and mesoderm emerging from the streak (Fig. 2L, see also Skromne and Stern, 2001 ...
Actin branching in the initiation and maintenance of lamellipodia
... resulted in a corresponding improvement in resolution. Actin filaments were tracked through the tomograms using both manual and automatic protocols (see Methods and Fig.S1). Superposition of the 3D maps of filament trajectories obtained by these two methods (Fig. S1) showed a close correlation, wher ...
... resulted in a corresponding improvement in resolution. Actin filaments were tracked through the tomograms using both manual and automatic protocols (see Methods and Fig.S1). Superposition of the 3D maps of filament trajectories obtained by these two methods (Fig. S1) showed a close correlation, wher ...
Axonal Regeneration in the Peripheral and Central Nervous
... infiltration of leukocytes into the distal nerve stumps, the formation of ovoids as the Schwann cells fragment the myelin sheaths, and the dedifferentiation of the Schwann cells from myelinating to nonmyelinating. The degenerative process is now referred to as Wallerian degeneration.1,18,19 The axon ...
... infiltration of leukocytes into the distal nerve stumps, the formation of ovoids as the Schwann cells fragment the myelin sheaths, and the dedifferentiation of the Schwann cells from myelinating to nonmyelinating. The degenerative process is now referred to as Wallerian degeneration.1,18,19 The axon ...
Synergistic interaction of three ERECTA-family
... To investigate whether ERL1 and ERL2 genes are functional homologs of ERECTA, ERL1 and ERL2 were expressed in the null allele erecta-105 under the control of the native ERECTA promoter and terminator. Both constructs rescued the erecta defects. Transgenic erecta-105 plants expressing ERECTA::ERL1 or ...
... To investigate whether ERL1 and ERL2 genes are functional homologs of ERECTA, ERL1 and ERL2 were expressed in the null allele erecta-105 under the control of the native ERECTA promoter and terminator. Both constructs rescued the erecta defects. Transgenic erecta-105 plants expressing ERECTA::ERL1 or ...
Determinants in HIV-2 Env and tetherin required for
... when the lower cellular levels of the ROD10 EnvY707A protein were taken into consideration, it was found to be 67% (n = 3 experiments) as efficient at immunoprecipitating tetherin as the WT ROD10 Env (data not shown). These differences may be sufficient to account for its lack of anti-tetherin act ...
... when the lower cellular levels of the ROD10 EnvY707A protein were taken into consideration, it was found to be 67% (n = 3 experiments) as efficient at immunoprecipitating tetherin as the WT ROD10 Env (data not shown). These differences may be sufficient to account for its lack of anti-tetherin act ...
Bacterial chromosome segregation
... duplicated sister chromosomes prior to cell division. As a consequence of the helical structure of DNA, the products of circular chromosome replication are topologically linked/catenated. In E. coli, decatenation of chromosomes is carried out by topoisomerase IV (Kato et al., 1990). This enzyme cons ...
... duplicated sister chromosomes prior to cell division. As a consequence of the helical structure of DNA, the products of circular chromosome replication are topologically linked/catenated. In E. coli, decatenation of chromosomes is carried out by topoisomerase IV (Kato et al., 1990). This enzyme cons ...
The Vps13p–Cdc31p complex is directly required for TGN late
... calmodulin-binding peptide left after tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease cleavage (Fig. 2 B) and Coomassie staining (Fig. 2 C) migrated at a position consistent with the expected Mr of 358 kD. Purified Vps13p restored activity to both TGN–PVC transport reactions and TGN homotypic fusion reactions con ...
... calmodulin-binding peptide left after tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease cleavage (Fig. 2 B) and Coomassie staining (Fig. 2 C) migrated at a position consistent with the expected Mr of 358 kD. Purified Vps13p restored activity to both TGN–PVC transport reactions and TGN homotypic fusion reactions con ...
Converting nonsense codons into sense codons by targeted
... inserted (Fig. 1a). In addition, two control transcripts were created with the same sequence except that the Y of the nonsense codon was either changed to uridine (U), thus forming an authentic nonsense codon (UAA), or substituted with a cytidine (C), thus eliminating the nonsense codon (CAA) (Fig. ...
... inserted (Fig. 1a). In addition, two control transcripts were created with the same sequence except that the Y of the nonsense codon was either changed to uridine (U), thus forming an authentic nonsense codon (UAA), or substituted with a cytidine (C), thus eliminating the nonsense codon (CAA) (Fig. ...
Swab sample preparation and viable real-time PCR methodologies for the
... organic debris and microbial contamination. However, it has been ...
... organic debris and microbial contamination. However, it has been ...
RNA polymerase II transcription is concentrated outside replication
... The light emitted by the fluorochromes was first transmitted through this dual-band dichroic mirror and then separated by a 580 nm longpass dichroic beam splitter. A 610 nm long-pass filter and a 530/40 nm band-pass filter in front of two detectors, respectively, were used to minimize optical crosst ...
... The light emitted by the fluorochromes was first transmitted through this dual-band dichroic mirror and then separated by a 580 nm longpass dichroic beam splitter. A 610 nm long-pass filter and a 530/40 nm band-pass filter in front of two detectors, respectively, were used to minimize optical crosst ...
Macrophage-pathogen interactions in infectious diseases: new
... has now been remedied with the development of the csf1ra and mpeg1 reporter lines (Gray et al., 2011; Ellett et al., 2011). These genes are robust markers for macrophages at embryonic and larval stages, because they are co-expressed with the pan-leukocytic marker lcp1 but not with the neutrophil mar ...
... has now been remedied with the development of the csf1ra and mpeg1 reporter lines (Gray et al., 2011; Ellett et al., 2011). These genes are robust markers for macrophages at embryonic and larval stages, because they are co-expressed with the pan-leukocytic marker lcp1 but not with the neutrophil mar ...
Slow muscle regulates the pattern of trunk neural crest migration in
... supported by the observation that as neural crest cells begin to migrate along the medial pathway, myotome cells are the first cells they encounter, and the onset of neural crest migration coincides with contact between the two cell types (Raible et al., 1992). The myotomal precursors of zebrafish s ...
... supported by the observation that as neural crest cells begin to migrate along the medial pathway, myotome cells are the first cells they encounter, and the onset of neural crest migration coincides with contact between the two cell types (Raible et al., 1992). The myotomal precursors of zebrafish s ...
Epigenetics, the holy grail in the pathogenesis of
... At the global level, our lab [35] has demonstrated increased expression levels of epigenetic maintenance mediators in SSc FBs. In addition, increased expression of DNAMT1 in cultured SSc FBs has also been reported and confirmed by others [36]. Moreover, levels of methylCpG DNA binding protein 1 (MBD ...
... At the global level, our lab [35] has demonstrated increased expression levels of epigenetic maintenance mediators in SSc FBs. In addition, increased expression of DNAMT1 in cultured SSc FBs has also been reported and confirmed by others [36]. Moreover, levels of methylCpG DNA binding protein 1 (MBD ...
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... endochondral bones, prehypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes in the growth plate express the Ihh gene. Target genes of Hh signaling, Ptch1 and Gli1, are expressed in proliferating prehypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes in the growth plate express the Ihh gene. Target chondrocytes, perich ...
... endochondral bones, prehypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes in the growth plate express the Ihh gene. Target genes of Hh signaling, Ptch1 and Gli1, are expressed in proliferating prehypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes in the growth plate express the Ihh gene. Target chondrocytes, perich ...
A model of chloroplast growth regulation in mesophyll cells
... constant for all cell plan areas. The third important observation is that irregularly shaped chloroplasts have more scatter, which means that chloroplast geometry matters. Here we propose a mechanism to explain this observed chloroplast growth regulation phenomenon. The ability to sense the collecti ...
... constant for all cell plan areas. The third important observation is that irregularly shaped chloroplasts have more scatter, which means that chloroplast geometry matters. Here we propose a mechanism to explain this observed chloroplast growth regulation phenomenon. The ability to sense the collecti ...
Diacylglycerol kinases - University of Toronto Mississauga
... All DGKs have at least two cysteine-rich regions homologous to the C1A and C1B motifs of PKCs [26]. In theory, these domains may bind DAG, perhaps localizing DGKs to where DAG accumulates. However, no DGK C1 domain has so far been conclusively shown to bind DAG. In fact, structural predictions sugge ...
... All DGKs have at least two cysteine-rich regions homologous to the C1A and C1B motifs of PKCs [26]. In theory, these domains may bind DAG, perhaps localizing DGKs to where DAG accumulates. However, no DGK C1 domain has so far been conclusively shown to bind DAG. In fact, structural predictions sugge ...
HS Life Science Crosswalk
... (Strand 3) 3.D.a. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of asexual and sexual reproduction with regard to variation within a population (Strand 3) 2.E.b. * Recognize the function of protein in cell structure and function (i.e., enzyme action, growth and repair of body parts, regulation of cell d ...
... (Strand 3) 3.D.a. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of asexual and sexual reproduction with regard to variation within a population (Strand 3) 2.E.b. * Recognize the function of protein in cell structure and function (i.e., enzyme action, growth and repair of body parts, regulation of cell d ...
Physiological implications of the regulation of vacuolar
... mammals and insects, but not in yeast and other fungi, permitting the study of their functional role (6). The V-ATPase expressed in the plasma membrane transports protons to the outside of the cell (4), which is intricately related to specialized cell function, as exemplified in osteoclasts (7), and ...
... mammals and insects, but not in yeast and other fungi, permitting the study of their functional role (6). The V-ATPase expressed in the plasma membrane transports protons to the outside of the cell (4), which is intricately related to specialized cell function, as exemplified in osteoclasts (7), and ...