Arabidopsis thaliana mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 is involved
... Popescu et al., 2009), but the interaction of these pathways is poorly understood. The MPK6 loss-of-function mutant displays alterations in the embryo and early root development, indicating that, at least for these processes, the function of this kinase cannot be substituted by any other MPK (Bush a ...
... Popescu et al., 2009), but the interaction of these pathways is poorly understood. The MPK6 loss-of-function mutant displays alterations in the embryo and early root development, indicating that, at least for these processes, the function of this kinase cannot be substituted by any other MPK (Bush a ...
Cholesterol and bile acids regulate xenosensor signaling in
... Since LXR and CXR bind to the same DR-4 element, electromobility-shift assays were used to elucidate if LXR and CXR directly compete for binding to this PBRU. To clearly discriminate between complexes containing CXR or LXR, a HA-tag was N-terminally attached to CXR and an anti-HA monoclonal antibody ...
... Since LXR and CXR bind to the same DR-4 element, electromobility-shift assays were used to elucidate if LXR and CXR directly compete for binding to this PBRU. To clearly discriminate between complexes containing CXR or LXR, a HA-tag was N-terminally attached to CXR and an anti-HA monoclonal antibody ...
Caveolae as potential macromolecule trafficking
... surface beyond the clearance mechanisms of the mucociliary escalator; the large alveolar surface area potentially available for absorption; the high blood flow to the alveolar region, and the thin cellular barrier from airspace to capillary blood presented by the alveolar epithelial and pulmonary ca ...
... surface beyond the clearance mechanisms of the mucociliary escalator; the large alveolar surface area potentially available for absorption; the high blood flow to the alveolar region, and the thin cellular barrier from airspace to capillary blood presented by the alveolar epithelial and pulmonary ca ...
Understanding P53-Mdm2 Interactions: Future Prospect of Anti
... which were retained in cells only if they provided a growth advantage. MDM2 is not common in healthy individuals, and is only seen in tumors. MDM2 is an important negative regulator of the P53 tumor suppressor. MDM2 protein shows dual functions, both as an E3 ubiquitin ligase recognizing the N-termi ...
... which were retained in cells only if they provided a growth advantage. MDM2 is not common in healthy individuals, and is only seen in tumors. MDM2 is an important negative regulator of the P53 tumor suppressor. MDM2 protein shows dual functions, both as an E3 ubiquitin ligase recognizing the N-termi ...
Cell Alloimmunization Hemin Controls T Cell Polarization in Sickle
... without alloantibodies. Because monocytes play a critical role in polarization of T cell subsets and participate in clearance of transfused RBCs, we tested the hypothesis that in response to the RBC breakdown product hemin, monocyte control of T cell polarization will differ between alloimmunized an ...
... without alloantibodies. Because monocytes play a critical role in polarization of T cell subsets and participate in clearance of transfused RBCs, we tested the hypothesis that in response to the RBC breakdown product hemin, monocyte control of T cell polarization will differ between alloimmunized an ...
PDF
... and transferred individually to tubes containing 10 l of 1% Triton X-100, 100 mM NaCl, 20 mM Tris pH 7.8, 1 mM EDT, and 1 mg/ml proteinase K. The samples were incubated overnight at 55°C, followed by a 10 minute incubation at 95°C to inactivate the protease. ...
... and transferred individually to tubes containing 10 l of 1% Triton X-100, 100 mM NaCl, 20 mM Tris pH 7.8, 1 mM EDT, and 1 mg/ml proteinase K. The samples were incubated overnight at 55°C, followed by a 10 minute incubation at 95°C to inactivate the protease. ...
Exosome Biogenesis, Regulation, and Function in Viral Infection
... and, in some cases, overlapping functions. Transport of materials (metabolites, lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins) between organelles has been described to be mediated by vesicles of about 60–100 nm diameter, moving in a densely populated microenvironment [5,6] (reviewed in [7]). Vesicles are also ...
... and, in some cases, overlapping functions. Transport of materials (metabolites, lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins) between organelles has been described to be mediated by vesicles of about 60–100 nm diameter, moving in a densely populated microenvironment [5,6] (reviewed in [7]). Vesicles are also ...
The Golgi-Localized Arabidopsis Endomembrane
... 2002; Sato and Nakano, 2002). All of these typical ER export signals are found to reside on the cytosolic regions of transmembrane proteins that interact with COPII vesicles (Barlowe, 2003). Similarly, the dilysine motif, KKXX, is one of the best known sorting signals required for retrograde Golgi-t ...
... 2002; Sato and Nakano, 2002). All of these typical ER export signals are found to reside on the cytosolic regions of transmembrane proteins that interact with COPII vesicles (Barlowe, 2003). Similarly, the dilysine motif, KKXX, is one of the best known sorting signals required for retrograde Golgi-t ...
Spatial organization of the epithelium and the role of neural crest
... against the template formed originally by soft tissue, the shape of which becomes effectively fossilized by subsequent mineralization of dentine and enamel. In few other epithelial-mesenchymal organs do both component tissues ultimately contribute organspecific materials and none displays the comple ...
... against the template formed originally by soft tissue, the shape of which becomes effectively fossilized by subsequent mineralization of dentine and enamel. In few other epithelial-mesenchymal organs do both component tissues ultimately contribute organspecific materials and none displays the comple ...
Gene Section RHOA (ras homolog gene family, member A)
... normal and transformed cell lines. This effect appears to occur through a transcriptional mechanism but is independent of p53, a major transcriptional regulator of p21. RhoA plays an important role in determining the levels of p27 through a pathway involving its effector, the Rho-associated kinases. ...
... normal and transformed cell lines. This effect appears to occur through a transcriptional mechanism but is independent of p53, a major transcriptional regulator of p21. RhoA plays an important role in determining the levels of p27 through a pathway involving its effector, the Rho-associated kinases. ...
REVIEW ARTICLE Establishment of the axis in chordates: facts and
... why the blastomeres, formed from the germinal disc during the initial steps of cleavage, are equipotential. In such eggs, the aster seems not to be involved in the translocation of the distant vegetal determinants and the alternative mechanism, gravitational influence, is implemented. The difference ...
... why the blastomeres, formed from the germinal disc during the initial steps of cleavage, are equipotential. In such eggs, the aster seems not to be involved in the translocation of the distant vegetal determinants and the alternative mechanism, gravitational influence, is implemented. The difference ...
Gap Junctional Communication in the Extraembryonic Tissues of the
... Figure 4. Dye coupling in other regions of the EPC. A, Restriction in dye coupling in the upper peripheral region of the EPC (EPC-U). An impalement into the upper peripheral region of the EPC (a) revealed a pattern of limited Lucifer yellow spread, with dye filling only a cluster of cells in the up ...
... Figure 4. Dye coupling in other regions of the EPC. A, Restriction in dye coupling in the upper peripheral region of the EPC (EPC-U). An impalement into the upper peripheral region of the EPC (a) revealed a pattern of limited Lucifer yellow spread, with dye filling only a cluster of cells in the up ...
The sea urchin animal pole domain is a Six3
... and in the ciliated band (Fig. 3K). Six mRNA overall levels at early mesenchyme blastula stage do not significantly change upon Δcadherin mRNA injection (Table 1). In situ hybridizations are consistent with this result and show that the distribution differs in Δcadherin mRNA-injected embryos, being ...
... and in the ciliated band (Fig. 3K). Six mRNA overall levels at early mesenchyme blastula stage do not significantly change upon Δcadherin mRNA injection (Table 1). In situ hybridizations are consistent with this result and show that the distribution differs in Δcadherin mRNA-injected embryos, being ...
DENTAL PLAQUE
... • Subgingival calculus is typically dark green or dark brown, probably reflecting the presence of subgingival matrix components distinct from those of supragingival calculus (e.g., blood products ...
... • Subgingival calculus is typically dark green or dark brown, probably reflecting the presence of subgingival matrix components distinct from those of supragingival calculus (e.g., blood products ...
chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll)
... • Increase in anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2. • In most cases, the cells are monoclonal B lymphocytes that are CD5+ • Intermediate stage between pre-B and mature B-cell. • T cell CLL can occur rarely ...
... • Increase in anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2. • In most cases, the cells are monoclonal B lymphocytes that are CD5+ • Intermediate stage between pre-B and mature B-cell. • T cell CLL can occur rarely ...
Eukaryotic origins of DNA replication: could you please be more
... the rDNA locus from random sites, the start of zygotic transcription at the mid blastula transition marks a concomitant shift in origin usage in this region [44,45]. After this time, replication is seen to initiate only from an intergenic spacer region found between rDNA transcription units. Likewis ...
... the rDNA locus from random sites, the start of zygotic transcription at the mid blastula transition marks a concomitant shift in origin usage in this region [44,45]. After this time, replication is seen to initiate only from an intergenic spacer region found between rDNA transcription units. Likewis ...
... protein-protein interaction, but two LIM domains in CRP1 have been shown to be independent units [26,29,30]. The CRP family is unique in that a glycine-rich region is located adjacent to each LIM domain [23,24]. Also, CRP members have two distinct locations in a cell: nucleus and actin cytoskeleton. ...
nimO is required for the G1/S transition
... and aid in the propagation of the replication fork (Aparicio et al., 1997; Tanaka and Nasmyth, 1998). Cdc7p is an essential enzyme present throughout the cell cycle but active only during G1/S (Sclafani et al., 1988). Dbf4p is likewise essential (Kitada et al., 1992) but is periodically transcribed, ...
... and aid in the propagation of the replication fork (Aparicio et al., 1997; Tanaka and Nasmyth, 1998). Cdc7p is an essential enzyme present throughout the cell cycle but active only during G1/S (Sclafani et al., 1988). Dbf4p is likewise essential (Kitada et al., 1992) but is periodically transcribed, ...
UNIT 1 – FORCE AND MOTION (SEPUP Force and
... B-2.1 Recall the three major tenets of cell theory (all living things are composed of one or more cells; cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things; and all presently existing cells arose from previously existing cells). B-2.2 Summarize the structures and functions of organ ...
... B-2.1 Recall the three major tenets of cell theory (all living things are composed of one or more cells; cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things; and all presently existing cells arose from previously existing cells). B-2.2 Summarize the structures and functions of organ ...
Rat Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Show Specificity of
... binding and ingestion were quantitated. Two assays, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and double immunofluorescence labeling (9), were used to quantitate particle binding and ingestion. We found that rat RPE cells show a strong preference for the binding and ingestion of ROS over all other particle ...
... binding and ingestion were quantitated. Two assays, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and double immunofluorescence labeling (9), were used to quantitate particle binding and ingestion. We found that rat RPE cells show a strong preference for the binding and ingestion of ROS over all other particle ...
Molecular cloning and expression of a novel
... genes encode transcription factors. There are several lines of evidence supporting this hypothesis (Quian et al. 1989; Ingham, 1988; Scott et al. 1989, references therein). Homeobox genes have been found to be widely distributed among various animal species, from nematodes to insects and vertebrates ...
... genes encode transcription factors. There are several lines of evidence supporting this hypothesis (Quian et al. 1989; Ingham, 1988; Scott et al. 1989, references therein). Homeobox genes have been found to be widely distributed among various animal species, from nematodes to insects and vertebrates ...
The proPO and clotting system in crustaceans
... binding proteins ŽGNBPs. have been discovered in insect hemolymph; a Periplaneta americana LPS binding protein ŽNatori and Kubo, 1996., hemolin, a bacterial surface binding protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily ŽSun et al., 1990., a 50-kDa GNBP from the silkworm, B. mori ŽLee et al., 1 ...
... binding proteins ŽGNBPs. have been discovered in insect hemolymph; a Periplaneta americana LPS binding protein ŽNatori and Kubo, 1996., hemolin, a bacterial surface binding protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily ŽSun et al., 1990., a 50-kDa GNBP from the silkworm, B. mori ŽLee et al., 1 ...
Shape and position of the node and notochord along
... interactions among cells and tissues derived from every germ layer. Thus the position, shape and function of each organ and structure are important and ultimately depend on interactions of cells with their extracellular microenvironment. For example, deletion of laminin c1, a component of 10 laminin ...
... interactions among cells and tissues derived from every germ layer. Thus the position, shape and function of each organ and structure are important and ultimately depend on interactions of cells with their extracellular microenvironment. For example, deletion of laminin c1, a component of 10 laminin ...
Peptide Repertoire Class I Molecule Q10 Binds a Classical The
... functionally significant, we propose that the nonclassical class I groove of Q10 resembles H-2K, D, and L grooves more than the highly specialized clefts of nonclassical class I Ags such as Qa-1, HLA-E, and M3. The Journal of Immunology, 2000, 164: ...
... functionally significant, we propose that the nonclassical class I groove of Q10 resembles H-2K, D, and L grooves more than the highly specialized clefts of nonclassical class I Ags such as Qa-1, HLA-E, and M3. The Journal of Immunology, 2000, 164: ...
OsDMC1 is required for homologous pairing in Oryza sativa
... Meiosis allows diploid sporophytic cells to produce haploid cells, which develop further into gametophytes or gametes, thus being essential not only for the maintenance of genomic stability but also for the creation of genetic diversity. Unlike mitosis, meiosis involves two sequential rounds of nucl ...
... Meiosis allows diploid sporophytic cells to produce haploid cells, which develop further into gametophytes or gametes, thus being essential not only for the maintenance of genomic stability but also for the creation of genetic diversity. Unlike mitosis, meiosis involves two sequential rounds of nucl ...