Evolutionary Developmental Biology and Vertebrate Head
... generative constraint (reviewed by Wagner 1994). This concept, in the present context, can be defined as the specific morphogenetic patterning effect imposed onto a tissue that does not possess its own morphological patterns per se. Since all the developmental processes are causally linked, every pa ...
... generative constraint (reviewed by Wagner 1994). This concept, in the present context, can be defined as the specific morphogenetic patterning effect imposed onto a tissue that does not possess its own morphological patterns per se. Since all the developmental processes are causally linked, every pa ...
Nucleoli: Composition, Function, and Dynamics
... proteins and proteins known to be involved in ribosome biogenesis (fibrillarin, nucleolin, B23, etc.; Andersen et al., 2002; Scherl et al., 2002). Even at this stage, unexpected proteins like splicing factors, spliceosomal proteins, and translation factors were identified. The increasing resolution ...
... proteins and proteins known to be involved in ribosome biogenesis (fibrillarin, nucleolin, B23, etc.; Andersen et al., 2002; Scherl et al., 2002). Even at this stage, unexpected proteins like splicing factors, spliceosomal proteins, and translation factors were identified. The increasing resolution ...
Bmp signaling promotes intermediate mesoderm gene expression in
... Danielian, 1999) corresponding to the coding part of the three zinc finger motifs was used to probe 5 105 plaques from an HH stage 11 – 14 chick embryo lambda ZapII Phage library (Nieto et al., 1994). Three plaques were identified, one of which contained a full-length coding sequence for a gene 81 ...
... Danielian, 1999) corresponding to the coding part of the three zinc finger motifs was used to probe 5 105 plaques from an HH stage 11 – 14 chick embryo lambda ZapII Phage library (Nieto et al., 1994). Three plaques were identified, one of which contained a full-length coding sequence for a gene 81 ...
Threshold Levels of Fluid Shear Promote Leukocyte
... attachment and rolling via selectins occurs in vitro in flow chamber assays at 10-fold higher wall shear stresses than adhesions mediated by b2 integrin mechanisms (between 3.0 and 4.0 dyn/cm2 wall shear stress versus 0.2 dyn/cm2). The relative effectiveness of selectin and b2 integrin adhesion mech ...
... attachment and rolling via selectins occurs in vitro in flow chamber assays at 10-fold higher wall shear stresses than adhesions mediated by b2 integrin mechanisms (between 3.0 and 4.0 dyn/cm2 wall shear stress versus 0.2 dyn/cm2). The relative effectiveness of selectin and b2 integrin adhesion mech ...
Local chromosome context is a major determinant of crossover
... Lichten, 2001a; McMahill et al., 2007) and is suggested to be the predominant HR pathway in mitotic cells (Bzymek et al., 2010; McGill et al., 1989). Most of the remaining events are repaired by a meiosis-specific CO pathway, in which an ensemble of meiotic proteins, called the ZMM proteins, stabili ...
... Lichten, 2001a; McMahill et al., 2007) and is suggested to be the predominant HR pathway in mitotic cells (Bzymek et al., 2010; McGill et al., 1989). Most of the remaining events are repaired by a meiosis-specific CO pathway, in which an ensemble of meiotic proteins, called the ZMM proteins, stabili ...
Localization of polysaccharides in isolated and intact cuticles of
... The cuticles of eucalypt and pear leaves were obtained as intact layers after enzymatic digestion, in contrast to poplar cuticles, which broke into small pieces and remained attached at least to the outer layer of the epidermal cell wall. A well-defined, dark layer probably associated with the middl ...
... The cuticles of eucalypt and pear leaves were obtained as intact layers after enzymatic digestion, in contrast to poplar cuticles, which broke into small pieces and remained attached at least to the outer layer of the epidermal cell wall. A well-defined, dark layer probably associated with the middl ...
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... with various types of human disorders, such as T-cell leukemia and several breast cancers (Ranganathan et al., 2011). In Drosophila, the core components of the Notch pathway consist of ligands Delta/Serrate (Dl/Ser), receptor Notch and the DNA-binding transcription factor Suppressor of Hairless [Su( ...
... with various types of human disorders, such as T-cell leukemia and several breast cancers (Ranganathan et al., 2011). In Drosophila, the core components of the Notch pathway consist of ligands Delta/Serrate (Dl/Ser), receptor Notch and the DNA-binding transcription factor Suppressor of Hairless [Su( ...
pdf - Penn State University
... to grow and enables some plants, such as conifers, to attain sizes unmatched by any other organisms on Earth. It is clear from histological analyses that plant cell enlargement is regulated in a highly cell-specific manner. For example, meristematic cells can give rise to wide xylem vessels that for ...
... to grow and enables some plants, such as conifers, to attain sizes unmatched by any other organisms on Earth. It is clear from histological analyses that plant cell enlargement is regulated in a highly cell-specific manner. For example, meristematic cells can give rise to wide xylem vessels that for ...
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... and the plasma membrane. Here, we report the identification of COD1/SPF1 (control of HMGCoA reductase degradation/SPF1) through genetic strategies intended to uncover genes involved in protein maturation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD), a quality control pathway that rid ...
... and the plasma membrane. Here, we report the identification of COD1/SPF1 (control of HMGCoA reductase degradation/SPF1) through genetic strategies intended to uncover genes involved in protein maturation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD), a quality control pathway that rid ...
brachyenteron function in the mesoderm
... classified by a highly conserved DNA-binding domain (for reviews, see Smith, 1997; Papaioannou and Silver, 1998). Brachyury relatives have been found in the diploblastic Cnidarian as well as triploblasts like chordates, protochordates, echinoderms, hemichordates and insects, suggesting that evolutio ...
... classified by a highly conserved DNA-binding domain (for reviews, see Smith, 1997; Papaioannou and Silver, 1998). Brachyury relatives have been found in the diploblastic Cnidarian as well as triploblasts like chordates, protochordates, echinoderms, hemichordates and insects, suggesting that evolutio ...
Smooth
... K+ solution from a micropipette (entering the field from the left, arrow). K+-contraction test is a good index of cell viability after enzyme treatment ...
... K+ solution from a micropipette (entering the field from the left, arrow). K+-contraction test is a good index of cell viability after enzyme treatment ...
Monolignol glucosides as intermediate compounds in
... large amount of MLGs is found in the lignifying secondary wall of gymnosperm tracheid (Morikawa et al. 2010) and that their turnover is slow (Marcinowski and Grisebach 1977). MLGs were not found, or only in small amounts, in lignifying xylem of most angiosperm trees except for Magnoliaceae and Oleac ...
... large amount of MLGs is found in the lignifying secondary wall of gymnosperm tracheid (Morikawa et al. 2010) and that their turnover is slow (Marcinowski and Grisebach 1977). MLGs were not found, or only in small amounts, in lignifying xylem of most angiosperm trees except for Magnoliaceae and Oleac ...
emboj200925-sup
... pSG5922, pSG5923 and pSG5924 respectively. To determine expression levels, activity of β-galactosidase activity was measured as described previously (Daniel et al., 1996). In short, cultures were grown at 37ºC in PAB or Schaeffer’s Medium as indicated, at the desired time points samples were taken ...
... pSG5922, pSG5923 and pSG5924 respectively. To determine expression levels, activity of β-galactosidase activity was measured as described previously (Daniel et al., 1996). In short, cultures were grown at 37ºC in PAB or Schaeffer’s Medium as indicated, at the desired time points samples were taken ...
HL-1 Myocytes Exhibit PKC and K Channel-Dependent Delta Opioid Preconditioning
... cardioprotection often use ventricular myocytes, which offer a higher myocyte yield from costly primary isolations. However, atrial tissue has been another important cell source for investigations of opioid cardioprotection. Bell and colleagues found similar mRNA relative abundance profiles for delt ...
... cardioprotection often use ventricular myocytes, which offer a higher myocyte yield from costly primary isolations. However, atrial tissue has been another important cell source for investigations of opioid cardioprotection. Bell and colleagues found similar mRNA relative abundance profiles for delt ...
ZO-3, a Novel Member of the MAGUK Protein Family Found at the
... boundary between the compositionally distinct apical and basolateral plasma membrane domains of epithelial and endothelial cells. The molecular configuration of the tight junction has generated considerable interest in the last decade. Actin filaments (17, 29) and the peripheral membrane proteins ZO ...
... boundary between the compositionally distinct apical and basolateral plasma membrane domains of epithelial and endothelial cells. The molecular configuration of the tight junction has generated considerable interest in the last decade. Actin filaments (17, 29) and the peripheral membrane proteins ZO ...
magnetosome formation in prokaryotes
... strains in pure culture have a respiratory form of metabolism (that is, none are known to ferment substrates); and they all possess magnetosomes (FIG. 1). It is possible that some Archaea or non-motile bacteria produce magnetosomes; however, none have been reported so far. Magnetotactic bacteria are ...
... strains in pure culture have a respiratory form of metabolism (that is, none are known to ferment substrates); and they all possess magnetosomes (FIG. 1). It is possible that some Archaea or non-motile bacteria produce magnetosomes; however, none have been reported so far. Magnetotactic bacteria are ...
Chapter 5 Lodish 6E
... Twenty hours later, transfected cells are infected with the virus. After a further incubation period, the cells are collected and lysed. The number of viruses produced by each culture is shown below. The control is a mock transfection with no siRNA. What do you conclude about the role of p24 and p25 ...
... Twenty hours later, transfected cells are infected with the virus. After a further incubation period, the cells are collected and lysed. The number of viruses produced by each culture is shown below. The control is a mock transfection with no siRNA. What do you conclude about the role of p24 and p25 ...
Autophagy and cell death in model organisms
... Dictyostelium offers a particularly advantageous platform to isolate and dissect the mechanisms of autophagic cell death because the Dictyostelium genome does not encode components of the apoptotic pathway. In addition, caspase activity is not required for Dictyostelium cell death36 and the single D ...
... Dictyostelium offers a particularly advantageous platform to isolate and dissect the mechanisms of autophagic cell death because the Dictyostelium genome does not encode components of the apoptotic pathway. In addition, caspase activity is not required for Dictyostelium cell death36 and the single D ...
Eph signalling and morphogenesis - Development
... plate. The hindbrain is divided up into regular units called rhombomeres, which are the basis for patterning of the neural epithelium and subsequent differentiation of neurons (Lumsden and Krumlauf, 1996). In both regions of the embryo, the segments develop clear boundaries at which the cells underg ...
... plate. The hindbrain is divided up into regular units called rhombomeres, which are the basis for patterning of the neural epithelium and subsequent differentiation of neurons (Lumsden and Krumlauf, 1996). In both regions of the embryo, the segments develop clear boundaries at which the cells underg ...
WOX11 and 12 Are Involved in the First-Step Cell
... Figure 3. WOX11 and WOX5 Are Differentially Expressed during Adventitious Root Formation. (A) The level of epigenetic marker H3K27me3 at the WOX11 locus was dramatically reduced in the 20-DAC leaf explants that produce callus (brown) compared with that in the time-0 leaf explants (green). Note that ...
... Figure 3. WOX11 and WOX5 Are Differentially Expressed during Adventitious Root Formation. (A) The level of epigenetic marker H3K27me3 at the WOX11 locus was dramatically reduced in the 20-DAC leaf explants that produce callus (brown) compared with that in the time-0 leaf explants (green). Note that ...
Serine/Threonine Kinase 3-Phosphoinositide
... chemoattractants, as well as transient responses to uniform stimuli. Many of the models that have been proposed to explain gradient sensing are based on a local excitation, global inhibition (LEGI) principle [42–44]. After receptor stimulation, a fast, local excitatory signal as well as a slower, gl ...
... chemoattractants, as well as transient responses to uniform stimuli. Many of the models that have been proposed to explain gradient sensing are based on a local excitation, global inhibition (LEGI) principle [42–44]. After receptor stimulation, a fast, local excitatory signal as well as a slower, gl ...
Cultivation of Trypanosoma brucei sspp. in
... 1968). Trypanosomes will absorb free fatty acids (Dixon & Williamson, 1970; H. P. Voorheis, personal communication), and so long as there are doubts about the ability of T . brucei sspp. to synthesize fatty acids (sincethe necessary metabolic pathways have not been demonstrated even in culture forms ...
... 1968). Trypanosomes will absorb free fatty acids (Dixon & Williamson, 1970; H. P. Voorheis, personal communication), and so long as there are doubts about the ability of T . brucei sspp. to synthesize fatty acids (sincethe necessary metabolic pathways have not been demonstrated even in culture forms ...
Autophagy and cell death in model organisms - IMBB
... Dictyostelium offers a particularly advantageous platform to isolate and dissect the mechanisms of autophagic cell death because the Dictyostelium genome does not encode components of the apoptotic pathway. In addition, caspase activity is not required for Dictyostelium cell death36 and the single D ...
... Dictyostelium offers a particularly advantageous platform to isolate and dissect the mechanisms of autophagic cell death because the Dictyostelium genome does not encode components of the apoptotic pathway. In addition, caspase activity is not required for Dictyostelium cell death36 and the single D ...