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Intracellular trafficking of GO
Intracellular trafficking of GO

... small studies indicate that this disease is mainly expressed in granulocytes/monocytes and predominantly involves CD33+ precursors (65). In these “mature” leukemias, it was hypothesized that CD33- precursors would be predominantly or completely normal. To test this assumption, CD33+ cells were remov ...
univERsity oF copEnhAGEn
univERsity oF copEnhAGEn

... network. GO also possesses oxygen as a significant chemical component (approximately 30% (w/v)) in the form of oxide functional groups, which can be mainly classed as either alcohols or epoxides [17]. This results in GO having partial hydrophilic properties, unlike pG [8,18]. rGO is quite different ...
Full-Text PDF
Full-Text PDF

... IFN/IL-15 cytokines, but did induce the production of IL-10. They proposed that, in addition to failing to induce some immune mechanisms, HBV uses an immunosuppressive strategy to actively inhibit others [30]. The results obtained in these HBV studies deserve some discussion. Since HBV replicates in ...
Enhancement of Na Uptake Currents, Time
Enhancement of Na Uptake Currents, Time

Relationship of Net Chloride Flow across the Human Erythrocyte
Relationship of Net Chloride Flow across the Human Erythrocyte

... The cells were divided into three portions and treated with nystatin according to a modification of Dalmark's method (1975b). The first portion (A) was washed in 75 mM KCI, 120 mM sucrose, and 5 mM HEPES, and then resuspended in the same solution (ice cold) at 10% hematocrit with 75 jig/ml nystatin ...
Molecular Microbiology
Molecular Microbiology

... or deletions of entire nod genes result in a loss of the ability of rhizobial bacteria to induce nodules on the host, and therefore fix atmospheric nitrogen. NF is a b-1, 4-linked N-acetylglucosamine oligomer, with a fatty acid chain attached to the terminal glucosamine and various substituents occu ...
Review Robustness of Cellular Functions
Review Robustness of Cellular Functions

PDF
PDF

... growth rate’, which is a scalar quantity and defines changes in area or volume around the focal position (Fig. 1B). We stress that the tissue growth rate is a quantity at the tissue scale; whereas, at the cellular level, the cell proliferation rate is the major determinant of the tissue growth rate. ...
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Strain IVIC Pb9
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Strain IVIC Pb9

... Electron micrographs (Fig. 5 ) showed fibrils shorter than those described by Carbonell, Kanetsuna & Gil (1970) for the chitin and P-1,3-glucan of the parental strain IVIC ~ b 9 . Fraction 2 . Both strains formed about the same amount of this fraction. However, their compositions differed (Table 2). ...
Arabinogalactan proteins are involved in root hair development in
Arabinogalactan proteins are involved in root hair development in

... Karat, and Optic (Fig. 4 and Supplementary Figure S4). It was even detectable on the young primordia formed during the earliest stages of root hair development (Supplementary Figure S4). At the primordium stage, the epitopes were restricted to the tip of the outgrowth (Fig. 4D), but later they becam ...
NH3/N2/CO2 I I |-|2
NH3/N2/CO2 I I |-|2

... cells, sensors and puri?cation processes, for example. [0012] As shoWn in FIG. 1, urea may be subjected to elec trolysis in an electrolytic device to form H2. The electrolytic device may comprise a cell or multiple cells that each con tains an anode and a cathode. At the anode, the Working electrode ...
Xyloglucan, galactomannan, glucuronoxylan, and
Xyloglucan, galactomannan, glucuronoxylan, and

... anchors and supports the plant body and may also store the products of photosynthesis and other nutrients (Raven et al. 2005). Roots contain anatomically and developmentally diverse cells from epidermal, endodermal, pericycle, cortex and vascular tissues (Raven et al. 2005). These cells are capable ...
Erythropoietin critically regulates the terminal
Erythropoietin critically regulates the terminal

... EryP-CFC-derived colonies as benzidine-positive cell clusters consisting of 8 cells or over at Day 2 of culture (Figure 2A and B). This analysis revealed near normal numbers of Day 2 EryP-CFC compared to wild-type littermates (Figure 2A). Similarly, removal of EPO from the methylcellulose media resu ...
Does multiple freezing and thawing cycles of
Does multiple freezing and thawing cycles of

... thyroid autoantibodies [20], cytokines in sputum [21] and genomic DNA in whole blood [22]; yet to the best of our knowledge, there are no studies investigating how autoantibodies like ANA and ANCA are affected by freezing and thawing. The aim of this study was to determine whether freezing and thawi ...
TAL1occupancy_WuRevised_v16 - bx.psu.edu
TAL1occupancy_WuRevised_v16 - bx.psu.edu

... differential occupancy by key transcription factors during hematopoietic differentiation, correlate this dynamic binding with changes in gene expression, and search for determinants of differential occupancy. Here we focused on TAL1 (also called SCL), a transcription factor that is indispensible at ...
Aberrant mRNA Transcripts and the Nonsense
Aberrant mRNA Transcripts and the Nonsense

... findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantcell.org) is: John W.S. Brown ([email protected]). W Online version contains Web-only data. OA Open access articles can be viewed online without a subscription. www.plantcell.o ...
Wnt signaling: a common theme in animal development
Wnt signaling: a common theme in animal development

... proven to be problematic. There are numerous unpublished tales of failed attempts to produce secreted Wnt proteins in cell culture. In general, overexpression of the genes in cultured cells results in accumulation of misfolded protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER; Kitajewski et al. 1992). Secret ...
Sequence and analysis of a swinepox virus homologue of the
Sequence and analysis of a swinepox virus homologue of the

... The left-terminal genomic region of SPV DNA can be aligned with that of VV on the basis of ORF similarity (Massung et al., 1993). Based on the known SPV sequences and on the VV gene map, we predicted that an SPV homologue of the VV F13L gene could be located to the left side of the SPV HindIII B fra ...
Lack of correlation between trehalose accumulation, cell viability
Lack of correlation between trehalose accumulation, cell viability

... and the isogenic wild-type strain accumulated high levels of trehalose in response to a temperature upshift to 40 “C and after addition of 10% ethanol, but only modest levels in response to a rapid drop in external pH and after addition of decanoic acid. There was, however, no correlation between th ...
Linköping University Post Print
Linköping University Post Print

... all lysosomes within a given cell are equally affected but release only part of their contents. There are, however, indications that interlysosomal differences regarding vulnerability to ...
Skeletal Muscle
Skeletal Muscle

... muscle cell where it can have an affect on the terminal cisternae. We will cover more about this in the unit on the physiology of muscle contraction. The cytosol is the cytoplasm of the muscle cell. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is the endoplasmic reticulum of the muscle cell. There are sac-like region ...
ZAMZAMI N, KROEMER G, 2001. The mitochondrion in apoptosis
ZAMZAMI N, KROEMER G, 2001. The mitochondrion in apoptosis

... Several of the consequences of permeability transition themselves favour opening of the permeability transition pore, implying that permeability transition is a self-amplifying process. Physiological function. Periodic reversible opening of the permeability transition pore allows for the release of ...
refinement of an in vitro cell model for cytochrome p450 induction
refinement of an in vitro cell model for cytochrome p450 induction

... addition, confounding factors such as bioavailability, blood, and liver levels of the drug would be avoided. There are no known hepatoma cell lines able to express most of the major forms of adult P450. Induction of P450s have been documented to occur in primary cultured hepatocytes isolated from va ...
Left-right axis determination - Izpisua Belmonte Lab
Left-right axis determination - Izpisua Belmonte Lab

... the action of the H+ /K+ ATPase.43 Interestingly, this activity does not alter cilia or fluid flow dynamics, which emerge at later stages.43 Therefore, L–R axis determination seems to use parallel processes to transfer L–R asymmetric information, at least in fish. In Xenopus, asymmetries in microfil ...
Synthetic Physical Interactions Map Kinetochore
Synthetic Physical Interactions Map Kinetochore

... to have direct physical or genetic interactions with Mad2 (Batisse et al. 2009; Costanzo et al. 2010; Barford 2011). Also, three of the SPIs, Ame1, Cdc5, and Doa4, are encoded by genes with known genetic interactions with MAD2 (Li et al. 1997; Daniel et al. 2006; Chiroli et al. 2009) (Figure S1D). T ...
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Amitosis

Amitosis (a- + mitosis) is absence of mitosis, the usual form of cell division in the cells of eukaryotes. There are several senses in which eukaryotic cells can be amitotic. One refers to capability for non-mitotic division and the other refers to lack of capability for division. In one sense of the word, which is now mostly obsolete, amitosis is cell division in eukaryotic cells that happens without the usual features of mitosis as seen on microscopy, namely, without nuclear envelope breakdown and without formation of mitotic spindle and condensed chromosomes as far as microscopy can detect. However, most examples of cell division formerly thought to belong to this supposedly ""non-mitotic"" class, such as the division of unicellular eukaryotes, are today recognized as belonging to a class of mitosis called closed mitosis. A spectrum of mitotic activity can be categorized as open, semi-closed, and closed mitosis, depending on the fate of the nuclear envelope. An exception is the division of ciliate macronucleus, which is not mitotic, and the reference to this process as amitosis may be the only legitimate use of the ""non-mitotic division"" sense of the term today. In animals and plants which normally have open mitosis, the microscopic picture described in the 19th century as amitosis most likely corresponded to apoptosis, a process of programmed cell death associated with fragmentation of the nucleus and cytoplasm. Relatedly, even in the late 19th century cytologists mentioned that in larger life forms, amitosis is a ""forerunner of degeneration"".Another sense of amitotic refers to cells of certain tissues that are usually no longer capable of mitosis once the organism has matured into adulthood. In humans this is true of various muscle and nerve tissue types; if the existing ones are damaged, they cannot be replaced with new ones of equal capability. For example, cardiac muscle destroyed by heart attack and nerves destroyed by piercing trauma usually cannot regenerate. In contrast, skin cells are capable of mitosis throughout adulthood; old skin cells that die and slough off are replaced with new ones. Human liver tissue also has a sort of dormant regenerative ability; it is usually not needed or expressed but can be elicited if needed.
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