Biology For Dummies, 2nd Edition - The Official Site
... • Identify and dissect the many structures and functions of plants and animals • Grasp the latest discoveries in evolutionary, reproductive, and ...
... • Identify and dissect the many structures and functions of plants and animals • Grasp the latest discoveries in evolutionary, reproductive, and ...
Ancient bacteria–amoeba relationships and pathogenic animal
... Bacteria can exploit this amoeba [29,30]. Some bacteria can also remain inside the spores through the social cycle. Burkhoderia near fungorum is one such bacterium (Fig 1B). In fact, this and other strains of Burkholderia so change the phagosome machinery that D. discoideum infected with them can al ...
... Bacteria can exploit this amoeba [29,30]. Some bacteria can also remain inside the spores through the social cycle. Burkhoderia near fungorum is one such bacterium (Fig 1B). In fact, this and other strains of Burkholderia so change the phagosome machinery that D. discoideum infected with them can al ...
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... species found in tropical Africa have medicinal virtues (Millogo et al., 2005). Medicinal and aromatic plants are widely used as medicine and constitute a major source of natural organic compounds (Seenivasan et al., 2006). Research data has demonstrated that the extracts exhibit various biological ...
... species found in tropical Africa have medicinal virtues (Millogo et al., 2005). Medicinal and aromatic plants are widely used as medicine and constitute a major source of natural organic compounds (Seenivasan et al., 2006). Research data has demonstrated that the extracts exhibit various biological ...
H ydrop hobicity-hydrop hilicity of staphylococci
... been studied by a technique involving partitioning of the cells between aqueous and hydrocarbon phases. S. aureus was typically hydrophobic, and to a greater degree in stationary- than in exponential-phase cultures. Mutants that lacked teichoic acid, protein A or coagulase production were hydrophobi ...
... been studied by a technique involving partitioning of the cells between aqueous and hydrocarbon phases. S. aureus was typically hydrophobic, and to a greater degree in stationary- than in exponential-phase cultures. Mutants that lacked teichoic acid, protein A or coagulase production were hydrophobi ...
Conserved mechanisms of Ras regulation of evolutionary
... and eucaryotic factors, such as E. coli CAP, heat shock factor and HNF-3g (Donaldson et al., 1994; Donaldson et al., 1996; Liang et al., 1994a), indicating that the roots of the ets gene family go very far back in evolution. However, the ets domain-DNA complex has distinct features, such as the way ...
... and eucaryotic factors, such as E. coli CAP, heat shock factor and HNF-3g (Donaldson et al., 1994; Donaldson et al., 1996; Liang et al., 1994a), indicating that the roots of the ets gene family go very far back in evolution. However, the ets domain-DNA complex has distinct features, such as the way ...
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... prokaryotes (some) are in animal cells; Ribosomes are {larger/80S} in animal cells than prokaryotes / 70S; must be comparative Question 1 Total ...
... prokaryotes (some) are in animal cells; Ribosomes are {larger/80S} in animal cells than prokaryotes / 70S; must be comparative Question 1 Total ...
Calcium homeostasis in plants
... the PM, which is tightly appressed to the cell wall. These walls, especially in young tissue, are porous, allowing for diffusion of water, nutrients and molecules as large as 40 kDa (Carpita, 1982). Within the matrix of the wall, and ...
... the PM, which is tightly appressed to the cell wall. These walls, especially in young tissue, are porous, allowing for diffusion of water, nutrients and molecules as large as 40 kDa (Carpita, 1982). Within the matrix of the wall, and ...
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... genic mutations that suppress the loss function of SEPH. According to a previous finding that septation defects of the SEPH mutant at a restrictive temperature of 42°C resulted in failed conidiation, the abolished conidiation will be linked to septation defects (Liu and Morris, 2000; Liu et al., 200 ...
... genic mutations that suppress the loss function of SEPH. According to a previous finding that septation defects of the SEPH mutant at a restrictive temperature of 42°C resulted in failed conidiation, the abolished conidiation will be linked to septation defects (Liu and Morris, 2000; Liu et al., 200 ...
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... large bowel by anaerobic bacteria. It has been shown that these compounds can have tumour-promoting capacities in animal experiments. In epidemiological studies, colonic cancer risk is related to the faecal bile acid concentration. In serum and bile of patients with colonic adenomas, more deoxycholi ...
... large bowel by anaerobic bacteria. It has been shown that these compounds can have tumour-promoting capacities in animal experiments. In epidemiological studies, colonic cancer risk is related to the faecal bile acid concentration. In serum and bile of patients with colonic adenomas, more deoxycholi ...
DNA double-strand break repair by homologous recombination
... mutations in the RAD50 gene have been linked to genetic diseases in humans so far, RAD50S /S mice (for details, see text below) have been shown to be predisposed to cancer [97]. For the clinical characteristics of NBS, ATLD, and AT, the reader is referred to several comprehensive reviews [98–102]. A ...
... mutations in the RAD50 gene have been linked to genetic diseases in humans so far, RAD50S /S mice (for details, see text below) have been shown to be predisposed to cancer [97]. For the clinical characteristics of NBS, ATLD, and AT, the reader is referred to several comprehensive reviews [98–102]. A ...
Par3/Baz levels control epithelial folding at actomyosin
... Simoes Sde et al., 2010; Levayer et al., 2011). We had shown previously that F-actin and two reporters for Myosin II, MHC-GFP and MRLC-GFP, are enriched at PSBs at stage 10 (Monier et al., 2010). By quantifying the enrichment along the PSBs relative to control columns of DV-oriented junctions, we no ...
... Simoes Sde et al., 2010; Levayer et al., 2011). We had shown previously that F-actin and two reporters for Myosin II, MHC-GFP and MRLC-GFP, are enriched at PSBs at stage 10 (Monier et al., 2010). By quantifying the enrichment along the PSBs relative to control columns of DV-oriented junctions, we no ...
Glutamate Controls the Induction of GABA
... GABA-mediated giant depolarizing potentials through AMPA receptors in neonatal rat hippocampal slices. J. Neurophysiol. 81: 2095–2102, 1999. Giant depolarizing potentials (GDPs) are generated by the interplay of the depolarizing action of GABA and glutamate. In this study, single and dual whole cell ...
... GABA-mediated giant depolarizing potentials through AMPA receptors in neonatal rat hippocampal slices. J. Neurophysiol. 81: 2095–2102, 1999. Giant depolarizing potentials (GDPs) are generated by the interplay of the depolarizing action of GABA and glutamate. In this study, single and dual whole cell ...
Gene Regulatory Potential of 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3
... DNA binding sites (VDREs). Ligand-mediated conformational changes of the VDR are the core of the molecular switch of nuclear 1a,25(OH)2D3 signalling. Studying the interaction of 1a,25(OH)2D3 analogues with this molecular switch should allow the characterization of their potential selective biologica ...
... DNA binding sites (VDREs). Ligand-mediated conformational changes of the VDR are the core of the molecular switch of nuclear 1a,25(OH)2D3 signalling. Studying the interaction of 1a,25(OH)2D3 analogues with this molecular switch should allow the characterization of their potential selective biologica ...
Morphogenesis of complex plant cell shapes: the mechanical role of
... removed the pectic outer layer by treating chemically-fixed tubes with pectinase. Prior to enzyme treatment, the surface of the pollen tube appeared to be relatively uniformly patterned with small wrinkles in ...
... removed the pectic outer layer by treating chemically-fixed tubes with pectinase. Prior to enzyme treatment, the surface of the pollen tube appeared to be relatively uniformly patterned with small wrinkles in ...
A Lectin with Highly Potent Inhibitory Activity toward Breast
... them exert immuno-modulatory activities [11,12], while others elicit anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral and antiinsect effects [13,14]. The physiological functions and mechanisms of various animal lectins have been studied precisely [15–18]. However, those of plant lectins have not ...
... them exert immuno-modulatory activities [11,12], while others elicit anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral and antiinsect effects [13,14]. The physiological functions and mechanisms of various animal lectins have been studied precisely [15–18]. However, those of plant lectins have not ...
Redox regulation of cysteine
... Although the oxidants discussed subsequently are able to modify other AA, resulting in the modification of enzymatic function, this discussion is focused on those aspects that involve cysteines. Three major subdivisions of oxidizing species can modify cysteines: reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur ...
... Although the oxidants discussed subsequently are able to modify other AA, resulting in the modification of enzymatic function, this discussion is focused on those aspects that involve cysteines. Three major subdivisions of oxidizing species can modify cysteines: reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur ...
Biogenesis and origin of thylakoid membranes
... discussed. Thylakoids are the dominating structure inside fully mature chloroplasts. The formation and alteration of the thylakoid membrane structure and composition are closely connected to the development of the chloroplasts from simple, undi¡erentiated proplastids. These are small round shaped or ...
... discussed. Thylakoids are the dominating structure inside fully mature chloroplasts. The formation and alteration of the thylakoid membrane structure and composition are closely connected to the development of the chloroplasts from simple, undi¡erentiated proplastids. These are small round shaped or ...
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... Although MTN neurons that project to IO are predominantly found in MTNd (Van der Togt et al., 1993), the functional significance of this segregation is not completely understood, apart from the presumed constitution of a reciprocal inhibitory connection between an upward directional selective neuron ...
... Although MTN neurons that project to IO are predominantly found in MTNd (Van der Togt et al., 1993), the functional significance of this segregation is not completely understood, apart from the presumed constitution of a reciprocal inhibitory connection between an upward directional selective neuron ...
Mucosal IL-10 and TGF-β play crucial roles in preventing LPS
... distribution analog to that previously reported in the mouse intes ...
... distribution analog to that previously reported in the mouse intes ...
Animal Evolution - Amazon Web Services
... had evolved separately from unorganized organic substances, but a common ancestry was also considered a possibility (and was proposed soon after; see Haeckel 1870); this should not detract from the general validity of his definition of the term ‘monophyletic’, which is now used at all systematic lev ...
... had evolved separately from unorganized organic substances, but a common ancestry was also considered a possibility (and was proposed soon after; see Haeckel 1870); this should not detract from the general validity of his definition of the term ‘monophyletic’, which is now used at all systematic lev ...
The anorexigenic cytokine ciliary neurotrophic factor stimulates
... CNTF and its receptor subunits are expressed in anorexigenic neurons of the ARC. We have demonstrated previously that CNTF was expressed in 90% of astrocytes and 75% of neurons in the rat ARC (57). Because CNTF administration decreases food intake, we addressed the possibility for the cytokine to be ...
... CNTF and its receptor subunits are expressed in anorexigenic neurons of the ARC. We have demonstrated previously that CNTF was expressed in 90% of astrocytes and 75% of neurons in the rat ARC (57). Because CNTF administration decreases food intake, we addressed the possibility for the cytokine to be ...
PI3K and Rho GTPase activity are required for exogenous PIP3
... PI3K and probably mediated by a GDP/GTP exchange factor for Rac that is directly regulated by a heterotrimeric G protein. 4. Cortical actin causes further recruitment of PI3K to the plasma membrane via the N-terminal domain of PI3K, enhancing the Ras-dependent activation of PI3K. 5. Products of PI3K ...
... PI3K and probably mediated by a GDP/GTP exchange factor for Rac that is directly regulated by a heterotrimeric G protein. 4. Cortical actin causes further recruitment of PI3K to the plasma membrane via the N-terminal domain of PI3K, enhancing the Ras-dependent activation of PI3K. 5. Products of PI3K ...
NYS Lab: Diffusion Through a Membrane
... • exposure to a strongly hypotonic solution resulted in the cell's ability to quickly adjust to ...
... • exposure to a strongly hypotonic solution resulted in the cell's ability to quickly adjust to ...
Control of alternative splicing in immune responses: many
... couples antigen recognition with intracellular signaling pathways. Thus, the level of CD3f expression determines the ability of a T cell to be activated. Strikingly, AS of exon 8 of CD3f is a primary control point of CD3f expression (10– 12). The 3′ UTR of the CD3f gene contains several AREs (AU-ric ...
... couples antigen recognition with intracellular signaling pathways. Thus, the level of CD3f expression determines the ability of a T cell to be activated. Strikingly, AS of exon 8 of CD3f is a primary control point of CD3f expression (10– 12). The 3′ UTR of the CD3f gene contains several AREs (AU-ric ...