Cytokinins regulate vascular morphogenesis in the Arabidopsis
... structures extend through each organ and throughout the entire plant. The vascular bundles contain two conducting tissue types: the xylem and the phloem. The xylem dually functions as a supporter of the plant body and as a conduit of water and minerals from the roots to the sites of photosynthesis i ...
... structures extend through each organ and throughout the entire plant. The vascular bundles contain two conducting tissue types: the xylem and the phloem. The xylem dually functions as a supporter of the plant body and as a conduit of water and minerals from the roots to the sites of photosynthesis i ...
... the extent of protein cycling of ST-GFP and AtERD2-GFP in and out of Golgi bodies using photobleaching recovery techniques. In these experiments, we selectively photobleached a single Golgi body and then monitored recovery into the bleached structure over time. A significant recovery indicates that ...
Aprotinin Preserves Cellular Junctions and Reduces
... Figure 1. VE-cadherin levels are greater after aprotinin treatment in tissue lysates. Left, VE-cadherin levels measured by immunoblots of myocardial tissue lysates were significantly greater in the aprotinin group compared with controls. -catenin and ␥-catenin levels were not different in the aprot ...
... Figure 1. VE-cadherin levels are greater after aprotinin treatment in tissue lysates. Left, VE-cadherin levels measured by immunoblots of myocardial tissue lysates were significantly greater in the aprotinin group compared with controls. -catenin and ␥-catenin levels were not different in the aprot ...
Biofilms are described as surface ... et al.,
... Once the bacteria have attached irreversibly to the surface they undergo a range of genotypic and phenotypic changes to ensure the development and maturation of the biofilm. All bacteria produce multiple adhesions some of which are regulated at the transcriptional level depending on the genes encode ...
... Once the bacteria have attached irreversibly to the surface they undergo a range of genotypic and phenotypic changes to ensure the development and maturation of the biofilm. All bacteria produce multiple adhesions some of which are regulated at the transcriptional level depending on the genes encode ...
The SOX9 upstream region prone to chromosomal aberrations
... existing in strategies available to prevent and treat these diseases. Post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms undoubtedly participate in modulating SOX9 protein level and activity, but above that, it is clear that transcription is a first and critical level of regulation of SOX9 (6). ...
... existing in strategies available to prevent and treat these diseases. Post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms undoubtedly participate in modulating SOX9 protein level and activity, but above that, it is clear that transcription is a first and critical level of regulation of SOX9 (6). ...
STING and the innate immune response to nucleic acids in the cytosol.
... Human and mouse STING are 81% similar and 68% identical at the amino-acid level, and there are putative STING orthologs in diverse species, including zebrafish and Xenopus. Several distinct alleles encoding STING have been described in humans, including a potentially nonfunctional allele found to be ...
... Human and mouse STING are 81% similar and 68% identical at the amino-acid level, and there are putative STING orthologs in diverse species, including zebrafish and Xenopus. Several distinct alleles encoding STING have been described in humans, including a potentially nonfunctional allele found to be ...
Salinity Effects on the Activity of Plasma Membrane H+ and Ca2+
... Net ¯uxes of H and Ca2 were measured in the mesophyll tissue of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) leaves and in protoplasts derived from these cells. NaCl at 90 mM enhanced H extrusion in both protoplasts and tissue, but in dierent ways. Proton extrusion was inhibited by vanadate, suggesting the invo ...
... Net ¯uxes of H and Ca2 were measured in the mesophyll tissue of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) leaves and in protoplasts derived from these cells. NaCl at 90 mM enhanced H extrusion in both protoplasts and tissue, but in dierent ways. Proton extrusion was inhibited by vanadate, suggesting the invo ...
Pollen cytoskeleton during germination and tube growth
... different actin antagonists, such as latrunculin B32, and profilin/DNase I31. In the last case, tip growth was shown to be more sensitive than streaming in response to treatment with inhibitors suggesting that tube growth requires that tip actin is assembled in a process independent of cytoplasmic s ...
... different actin antagonists, such as latrunculin B32, and profilin/DNase I31. In the last case, tip growth was shown to be more sensitive than streaming in response to treatment with inhibitors suggesting that tube growth requires that tip actin is assembled in a process independent of cytoplasmic s ...
... 2006). NS2 also has the enzymatic ability of hydrolyzing nucleotide triphosphates (NTPs) to nucleotide monophosphates (Horscroft and Roy, 2000; Taraporewala et al., 2001). Although the significance of this activity is not clear, it can be envisaged that genome transportation and packaging are energy ...
golgi apparatus, gerl, and lysosomes of neurons in rat dorsal root
... mature zymogen is ultimately released to the acinar lumen by fusion of the vacuole membranes with the plasma membrane . Electron microscope evidence from many laboratories suggests that in a wide variety of animal and plant cell types condensation of secretory and lysosomal proteins occurs in the sa ...
... mature zymogen is ultimately released to the acinar lumen by fusion of the vacuole membranes with the plasma membrane . Electron microscope evidence from many laboratories suggests that in a wide variety of animal and plant cell types condensation of secretory and lysosomal proteins occurs in the sa ...
Endoplasmic Reticulum Export Sites and Golgi Bodies Behave as
... characterized. A widely accepted model for ER-to-Golgi transport is based on the sequential action of COPII and COPI coat complexes. The COPII complex assembles by the ordered recruitment of cytosolic components on the ER membrane. Here, we have visualized two early components of the COPII machinery ...
... characterized. A widely accepted model for ER-to-Golgi transport is based on the sequential action of COPII and COPI coat complexes. The COPII complex assembles by the ordered recruitment of cytosolic components on the ER membrane. Here, we have visualized two early components of the COPII machinery ...
AcmA of Lactococcus lactis is an N-acetylglucosaminidase
... prolonged incubation of the zymogram, AcmA derivative A2 also showed this double band (result not shown). The cleavage sites in the C-terminal domain of AcmA that are responsible for this breakdown product are likely to be more easily accessible in the derivatives with 1.5 and 4 repeats. These data ...
... prolonged incubation of the zymogram, AcmA derivative A2 also showed this double band (result not shown). The cleavage sites in the C-terminal domain of AcmA that are responsible for this breakdown product are likely to be more easily accessible in the derivatives with 1.5 and 4 repeats. These data ...
Drosophila center divider Gene Is Expressed in CNS Midline Cells
... 1991), and target genes can be identified from their expression in the CNS midline cells at this time (Klämbt et al., 1991; Crews et al., 1992). Genetic confirmation of the dependency of target gene expression on sim function requires showing that expression is absent in the CNS midline cells in sim ...
... 1991), and target genes can be identified from their expression in the CNS midline cells at this time (Klämbt et al., 1991; Crews et al., 1992). Genetic confirmation of the dependency of target gene expression on sim function requires showing that expression is absent in the CNS midline cells in sim ...
30 Beyond the Classical Receptive Field: Surround Modulation in
... Center and surround stimuli that can evoke facilitatory modulations. (A) Collinear facilitation. (Top) cartoon indicates different RF and surround components and the bar stimuli used to evoke collinear facilitation. (Bottom) Response of a V1 cell in awake macaque as a function of the spatial separat ...
... Center and surround stimuli that can evoke facilitatory modulations. (A) Collinear facilitation. (Top) cartoon indicates different RF and surround components and the bar stimuli used to evoke collinear facilitation. (Bottom) Response of a V1 cell in awake macaque as a function of the spatial separat ...
Cyp1b1 Protein in the Mouse Eye during Development
... The eye is the tissue with the highest concentration of vitamin A in the body (Luo et al., 2006), and deficiency results in eye developmental defects and visual impairment. At least a dozen forms of human P450 have been shown to be capable of all-trans-retinoid metabolism at fairly good rates (Chen ...
... The eye is the tissue with the highest concentration of vitamin A in the body (Luo et al., 2006), and deficiency results in eye developmental defects and visual impairment. At least a dozen forms of human P450 have been shown to be capable of all-trans-retinoid metabolism at fairly good rates (Chen ...
Extracellular ATP signaling in plants
... receptors [34,35]. Recently, a candidate P2X receptor was identified by a BLAST (basic local alignment search tool)based search of the green alga Ostreococcus tauri genome [36]. However, a BLAST search using this algal sequence failed to find homologs in higher plants (Tanaka et al., unpublished). H ...
... receptors [34,35]. Recently, a candidate P2X receptor was identified by a BLAST (basic local alignment search tool)based search of the green alga Ostreococcus tauri genome [36]. However, a BLAST search using this algal sequence failed to find homologs in higher plants (Tanaka et al., unpublished). H ...
ftsZ mutations affecting cell division frequency, placement and
... from the minD mutant, and one (ftsZ8) from the minCD mutant. All of the mutants appeared to be further impaired in sporulation than the parental strain on NA. The mutations were crossed into the minCD+ strain 1272. Segregation of mutations ftsZ5, ftsZ20 and ftsZ38 into colonies with normal and reduc ...
... from the minD mutant, and one (ftsZ8) from the minCD mutant. All of the mutants appeared to be further impaired in sporulation than the parental strain on NA. The mutations were crossed into the minCD+ strain 1272. Segregation of mutations ftsZ5, ftsZ20 and ftsZ38 into colonies with normal and reduc ...
Glycoproteins with Type Common and Type Specific Antigenic Sites
... whereas regions a and b are not. A threefold increase in the antiserum : antigen ratio did not alter the pattern of precipitation. Similarly, region 4 of HSV z ICRP is clearly precipitated by the antiserum, whereas regions I, z and 3 are not. Although it is very difficult to detect regions 5 and 6 o ...
... whereas regions a and b are not. A threefold increase in the antiserum : antigen ratio did not alter the pattern of precipitation. Similarly, region 4 of HSV z ICRP is clearly precipitated by the antiserum, whereas regions I, z and 3 are not. Although it is very difficult to detect regions 5 and 6 o ...
Keeping the immune system in check: a role for mitophagy
... disease proteins PINK1 and Parkin,13–15 and the ubiquitin ligases Gp78,16 Smurf1,17 and Mul1.18 Furthermore, cardiolipin externalization on damaged mitochondria has also been reported to signal selective degradation of mitochondria.19 The mitophagy receptors NIX1, BNIP3 and FUNDC1 contain LIR consen ...
... disease proteins PINK1 and Parkin,13–15 and the ubiquitin ligases Gp78,16 Smurf1,17 and Mul1.18 Furthermore, cardiolipin externalization on damaged mitochondria has also been reported to signal selective degradation of mitochondria.19 The mitophagy receptors NIX1, BNIP3 and FUNDC1 contain LIR consen ...
2. introduction
... succession and to one additional cell below where it was extinguished. B: higher magnification of the image (from red line to the right of the image in A) showing Ca2+ spritzes (red arrows) that caused propagation of Ca2+ waves to neighboring myocytes. Experiments by Kaneko et al. (3) also used rat ...
... succession and to one additional cell below where it was extinguished. B: higher magnification of the image (from red line to the right of the image in A) showing Ca2+ spritzes (red arrows) that caused propagation of Ca2+ waves to neighboring myocytes. Experiments by Kaneko et al. (3) also used rat ...
2.2 Sol-gel immobilization
... Israel). NaF was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) and imidazole from Alfa-Aesar (Lancashire, England). Methanol, glycerol, n-hexane, NaCl and Triton X-100 were purchased from Bio-Labs (Jerusalem, Israel) and 2-propanol from J.T. Baker (Deventer, The Netherlands). Ethyl acetate was purchased ...
... Israel). NaF was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) and imidazole from Alfa-Aesar (Lancashire, England). Methanol, glycerol, n-hexane, NaCl and Triton X-100 were purchased from Bio-Labs (Jerusalem, Israel) and 2-propanol from J.T. Baker (Deventer, The Netherlands). Ethyl acetate was purchased ...
