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... Almost all of the tissue in a mature plant is ultimately derived from specialized groups of cells, called meristems, that reside at the tips of roots and shoots. Shoot apical meristems (SAMs) are responsible for elaborating the above ground portions of the plant, which include stems, leaves and flow ...
... Almost all of the tissue in a mature plant is ultimately derived from specialized groups of cells, called meristems, that reside at the tips of roots and shoots. Shoot apical meristems (SAMs) are responsible for elaborating the above ground portions of the plant, which include stems, leaves and flow ...
Protection of Drosophila chromosome ends with minimal telomere
... (Dubruille et al. 2010), suggesting that this capping protein is required to protect telomeres at all stages of spermatogenesis. As cav is essential for viability, we designed a partial rescue strategy to stably and specifically reduce its expression in the male germline. We generated flies expressi ...
... (Dubruille et al. 2010), suggesting that this capping protein is required to protect telomeres at all stages of spermatogenesis. As cav is essential for viability, we designed a partial rescue strategy to stably and specifically reduce its expression in the male germline. We generated flies expressi ...
Bacterial flagella explore microscale hummocks and hollows to
... (27, 28). We observed that this effect was lost over time in the presence of bacteria, resulting in complete wetting of the substrates (termed the Wenzel wetting state). The difference in wetting properties of sterile medium versus medium with bacteria could be due to a change in surface tension of ...
... (27, 28). We observed that this effect was lost over time in the presence of bacteria, resulting in complete wetting of the substrates (termed the Wenzel wetting state). The difference in wetting properties of sterile medium versus medium with bacteria could be due to a change in surface tension of ...
Unicellular vs. Multicellular
... Unicellular organisms are known as single-celled organisms. They are made up of a single cell. Organisms like the amoeba, Paramecium are single-celled organisms, they are the oldest forms of life, they existed about 3.8 million years ago. Bacteria, archaea, protozoa, unicellular algae and unicellula ...
... Unicellular organisms are known as single-celled organisms. They are made up of a single cell. Organisms like the amoeba, Paramecium are single-celled organisms, they are the oldest forms of life, they existed about 3.8 million years ago. Bacteria, archaea, protozoa, unicellular algae and unicellula ...
(6R)-hydroxy-BFA in tobacco and Arabidopsis
... cytostatic activity against many cancer cell lines (Betina et al., 1962). However, because of its poor availability and poor pharmacological properties, BFA has not established itself as an anti-cancer drug. Thus, several analogues have been synthesized in order to improve solubility (Anadu et al., ...
... cytostatic activity against many cancer cell lines (Betina et al., 1962). However, because of its poor availability and poor pharmacological properties, BFA has not established itself as an anti-cancer drug. Thus, several analogues have been synthesized in order to improve solubility (Anadu et al., ...
During Cytokinesis Light Chain, Tctex
... (described below); these were the N-terminal domains of Fyn (amino acids 1– 85, a mutated version with lysines 7 and 9 mutated to alanines, and truncated versions with indicated amino acids), p55blk (Blk; amino acids 1–56), LynA (amino acids 1– 68), p53lyn (lynB; amino acids 1– 47), the cytoplasmic ...
... (described below); these were the N-terminal domains of Fyn (amino acids 1– 85, a mutated version with lysines 7 and 9 mutated to alanines, and truncated versions with indicated amino acids), p55blk (Blk; amino acids 1–56), LynA (amino acids 1– 68), p53lyn (lynB; amino acids 1– 47), the cytoplasmic ...
Translation without eIF2 Promoted by Poliovirus 2A Protease
... IRESs in the presence of 2Apro: Requirement for active eIF2a Our next goal was to assess whether PV 2Apro was able to confer eIF2 independence in trans for the translation of other mRNAs bearing a picornavirus IRES. To this end, the synthesis of luc directed by EMCV-, PV- and HAV-IRES was tested in ...
... IRESs in the presence of 2Apro: Requirement for active eIF2a Our next goal was to assess whether PV 2Apro was able to confer eIF2 independence in trans for the translation of other mRNAs bearing a picornavirus IRES. To this end, the synthesis of luc directed by EMCV-, PV- and HAV-IRES was tested in ...
The correlation between T regulatory cells and
... stimulatory functions. In brief, CD4+ Tregs are identified by their CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ expression pattern [8-10]. Dysfunctional Tregs were observed in MM; as such, Tregs have become a novel target for research [11]. ...
... stimulatory functions. In brief, CD4+ Tregs are identified by their CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ expression pattern [8-10]. Dysfunctional Tregs were observed in MM; as such, Tregs have become a novel target for research [11]. ...
AGING Dr Aubrey de Grey Chief Science Officer
... Death-resistant cells Mitochondrial mutations Intracellular junk Extracellular junk Extracellular crosslinks ...
... Death-resistant cells Mitochondrial mutations Intracellular junk Extracellular junk Extracellular crosslinks ...
Podosome-type adhesions and focal adhesions, so alike yet so
... complexes called PTA, namely podosome type adhesions (Linder, 2007). Depending on their life time and structure, they have been referred to as podosomes or invadopodia. Podosomes have been observed in cells of the monocytic lineage such as osteoclasts, macrophages and dendritic cells whereas invadop ...
... complexes called PTA, namely podosome type adhesions (Linder, 2007). Depending on their life time and structure, they have been referred to as podosomes or invadopodia. Podosomes have been observed in cells of the monocytic lineage such as osteoclasts, macrophages and dendritic cells whereas invadop ...
The Golgi Apparatus
... • The traffic of some substances can only occur through transport proteins – Glucose, for example, requires a transport protein to move it into the cell ...
... • The traffic of some substances can only occur through transport proteins – Glucose, for example, requires a transport protein to move it into the cell ...
Aquaporin-Mediated Fluid Regulation in the Inner Ear
... channels open. This empowers the cell to detect tiny signals with high precision. Furthermore, it allows the system to quickly reset because of a rapid K+ efflux via the basolateral membrane. K+ ions are then discussed to be swiftly recycled into the endolymph compartment through the marginal cells ...
... channels open. This empowers the cell to detect tiny signals with high precision. Furthermore, it allows the system to quickly reset because of a rapid K+ efflux via the basolateral membrane. K+ ions are then discussed to be swiftly recycled into the endolymph compartment through the marginal cells ...
Direct killing of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)–infected B
... CD8 T cells responding to EBV antigens.11 CD4⫹ T-cell clones were obtained from SF-derived T-cell lines. Four CD4⫹ T-cell clones from patient RA1, which proliferated when cocultured with the autologous B-LCL, were selected for further analysis of antigen specificity. The autologous B-LCL was infecte ...
... CD8 T cells responding to EBV antigens.11 CD4⫹ T-cell clones were obtained from SF-derived T-cell lines. Four CD4⫹ T-cell clones from patient RA1, which proliferated when cocultured with the autologous B-LCL, were selected for further analysis of antigen specificity. The autologous B-LCL was infecte ...
The Identity of Proteins Associated with a Small Heat Shock Protein
... characteristics of cellular sHSP substrates remain poorly defined. Understanding the mechanism of sHSP chaperone action, as well as determining how these proteins may act to protect cells during stress, requires identification of proteins that interact with sHSPs in vivo, either as partners or subst ...
... characteristics of cellular sHSP substrates remain poorly defined. Understanding the mechanism of sHSP chaperone action, as well as determining how these proteins may act to protect cells during stress, requires identification of proteins that interact with sHSPs in vivo, either as partners or subst ...
Chromosomal localization links the SIN3/RPD3 complex to the
... maximal repression of uninduced genes and activation of induced genes (Vidal and Gaber, 1991; Vidal et al., 1991; Wang et al., 1994). Furthermore, the yeast SIN3±RPD3 complex reduces variegated transcriptional silencing of genes placed in close proximity to telomeres as well as stable silencing of g ...
... maximal repression of uninduced genes and activation of induced genes (Vidal and Gaber, 1991; Vidal et al., 1991; Wang et al., 1994). Furthermore, the yeast SIN3±RPD3 complex reduces variegated transcriptional silencing of genes placed in close proximity to telomeres as well as stable silencing of g ...
glycosphingolipid degradation - Limes-Institut-Bonn
... that the affected storage vesicles are in the late endosomal or lysosomal compartments. These compartments are still functionally active, except that they are unable to degrade sphingolipids that have short oligosaccharide head groups. After complementation of the medium of these cells with the miss ...
... that the affected storage vesicles are in the late endosomal or lysosomal compartments. These compartments are still functionally active, except that they are unable to degrade sphingolipids that have short oligosaccharide head groups. After complementation of the medium of these cells with the miss ...
Mutations in the NOT Genes or in the Translation
... according to translation levels and fidelity, could itself be involved in the regulation of amino acid biosynthesis levels. We discuss how this could explain why mutations have been identified in many cancers. Keywords: Ccr4-Not complex, histidine starvation, CNOT3, ribosome, translation, T-ALL leuk ...
... according to translation levels and fidelity, could itself be involved in the regulation of amino acid biosynthesis levels. We discuss how this could explain why mutations have been identified in many cancers. Keywords: Ccr4-Not complex, histidine starvation, CNOT3, ribosome, translation, T-ALL leuk ...
Chapter 13: Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and
... -Enveloped animal viruses released via budding, where the mature virions are enveloped by some membrane (nuclear, endoplasmic, or plasma) as they are released from the cell. -Infected host cells that gradually release enveloped viruses are called persistent infections, host cell can live for a while ...
... -Enveloped animal viruses released via budding, where the mature virions are enveloped by some membrane (nuclear, endoplasmic, or plasma) as they are released from the cell. -Infected host cells that gradually release enveloped viruses are called persistent infections, host cell can live for a while ...
Caryoneme alternative to chromosome and a new caryological
... caryopolyneme, caryonematin, caryotin, chromatin, chromonema, chromosome, endomitosis, hemiosis, meiosis, mitosis, mono-, diplo-, auto- allosomes, polyneme, polyploidy, polysomaty, polyteny. ...
... caryopolyneme, caryonematin, caryotin, chromatin, chromonema, chromosome, endomitosis, hemiosis, meiosis, mitosis, mono-, diplo-, auto- allosomes, polyneme, polyploidy, polysomaty, polyteny. ...
Viruses and mobile elements as drivers of evolutionary transitions
... also been demonstrated in prokaryotes as illustrated by gene transduction, in particular the transfer of photosystem genes by cyanophages [35,36], the use of defective prophages as vehicles for horizontal gene transfer (HGT) known as gene transfer agents [37], and more generally by the recruitment o ...
... also been demonstrated in prokaryotes as illustrated by gene transduction, in particular the transfer of photosystem genes by cyanophages [35,36], the use of defective prophages as vehicles for horizontal gene transfer (HGT) known as gene transfer agents [37], and more generally by the recruitment o ...
Chromosomal localization links the SIN3±RPD3 complex to the
... maximal repression of uninduced genes and activation of induced genes (Vidal and Gaber, 1991; Vidal et al., 1991; Wang et al., 1994). Furthermore, the yeast SIN3±RPD3 complex reduces variegated transcriptional silencing of genes placed in close proximity to telomeres as well as stable silencing of g ...
... maximal repression of uninduced genes and activation of induced genes (Vidal and Gaber, 1991; Vidal et al., 1991; Wang et al., 1994). Furthermore, the yeast SIN3±RPD3 complex reduces variegated transcriptional silencing of genes placed in close proximity to telomeres as well as stable silencing of g ...
Lymphocytic Infiltration and Immune Escape Mechanisms in Human
... Shalin S. Patel, BA, Yangyang Wang, MD, Francesco Sabbatino, MD, PhD, Sjoerd P. Nota, MD, G. Petur Nielsen, MD, Soldano Ferrone, MD, PhD, Joseph H. Schwab, MD, MS. ...
... Shalin S. Patel, BA, Yangyang Wang, MD, Francesco Sabbatino, MD, PhD, Sjoerd P. Nota, MD, G. Petur Nielsen, MD, Soldano Ferrone, MD, PhD, Joseph H. Schwab, MD, MS. ...
Trainor - Master BMC
... that even when an organism ceases to function, developmental mechanisms still kick in to try and preserve cells, organelles, and other machinery despite the ultimate futility of doing so. Therefore, one could consider Developmental Biology to be a process that begins with a single cell and ends only ...
... that even when an organism ceases to function, developmental mechanisms still kick in to try and preserve cells, organelles, and other machinery despite the ultimate futility of doing so. Therefore, one could consider Developmental Biology to be a process that begins with a single cell and ends only ...
Murine Siva-1 and Siva-2, alternate splice forms of the mouse Siva
... the death domains demonstrate functional heterogeneity. In the case of TRADD, its death domain is essential for binding to the death domain of TNFR1 and also for the induction of apoptosis (Hsu et al., 1995). The death domain of FADD, however, is only necessary for binding to Fas but not for the ind ...
... the death domains demonstrate functional heterogeneity. In the case of TRADD, its death domain is essential for binding to the death domain of TNFR1 and also for the induction of apoptosis (Hsu et al., 1995). The death domain of FADD, however, is only necessary for binding to Fas but not for the ind ...
The relative roles of specific N- and C
... B). Consistent with this correlation, fractionation of this kinase on a molecular sieve column (Sephacryl S-200) with proteins of known molecular mass also suggested that the kinase had an apparent molecular mass of 37 kDa (Fig. 1C). Additional evidence that the 37 kDa protein was a protein kinase c ...
... B). Consistent with this correlation, fractionation of this kinase on a molecular sieve column (Sephacryl S-200) with proteins of known molecular mass also suggested that the kinase had an apparent molecular mass of 37 kDa (Fig. 1C). Additional evidence that the 37 kDa protein was a protein kinase c ...