Identification and Characterization of Genes Required for
... as ablated discs and mosaic discs with nonablating control clones as control discs. (A) Genetic crosses used to generate the ablated and control animals used for study. (B) Schematic showing the sec5ts system. (C) High levels of apoptosis were observed in ablating discs. Discs are shown at 12 hr aft ...
... as ablated discs and mosaic discs with nonablating control clones as control discs. (A) Genetic crosses used to generate the ablated and control animals used for study. (B) Schematic showing the sec5ts system. (C) High levels of apoptosis were observed in ablating discs. Discs are shown at 12 hr aft ...
Transport of primary metabolites across the plant vacuolar membrane
... in yeast, are located in the plant tonoplast [43] (Fig. 1). This location has been substantiated by two approaches: Firstly, corresponding HvSUT4- and AtSUT4-GFP constructs, transiently expressed in either Arabidopsis- or onion cells, clearly decorate the tonoplast and not the plasma membrane [43]. ...
... in yeast, are located in the plant tonoplast [43] (Fig. 1). This location has been substantiated by two approaches: Firstly, corresponding HvSUT4- and AtSUT4-GFP constructs, transiently expressed in either Arabidopsis- or onion cells, clearly decorate the tonoplast and not the plasma membrane [43]. ...
Regulation of endothelial and hematopoietic development by the
... PATHWAYS AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION As described in this review, Etv2 plays an essential role in endothelial and hematopoietic development and numerous studies have suggested that it acts at or near the top of the hierarchy in the specification of those lineages [19,20 ,30 ,36 ]. Furthermore, Et ...
... PATHWAYS AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION As described in this review, Etv2 plays an essential role in endothelial and hematopoietic development and numerous studies have suggested that it acts at or near the top of the hierarchy in the specification of those lineages [19,20 ,30 ,36 ]. Furthermore, Et ...
Functions of AP1 (Fos/Jun) in bone development
... Osteoblasts and the role of c-Fos and Fra-1 In osteoblasts, AP1 activity can be induced by transforming growth factor β, parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D, which are potent regulators of osteoblast differentiation and proliferation.4 The various members of the AP1 complex are differen ...
... Osteoblasts and the role of c-Fos and Fra-1 In osteoblasts, AP1 activity can be induced by transforming growth factor β, parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D, which are potent regulators of osteoblast differentiation and proliferation.4 The various members of the AP1 complex are differen ...
Structure and Function
... There are two types of vascular tissue in a plant: xylem and phloem. Xylem consists of several types of cells, one of which has strong cell walls. These strong-walled cells join end to end to form long tubes. As new cells are produced, older ones die. It is these strings of dead cells that conduct w ...
... There are two types of vascular tissue in a plant: xylem and phloem. Xylem consists of several types of cells, one of which has strong cell walls. These strong-walled cells join end to end to form long tubes. As new cells are produced, older ones die. It is these strings of dead cells that conduct w ...
2-Cell and Molecular Biology (Plasma Membrane)
... They proposed that the lipid bilayer is organized in such a way that the hydrophylic part of the phospholipids are on the exterior of the lipid bilayer in contact with the water ...
... They proposed that the lipid bilayer is organized in such a way that the hydrophylic part of the phospholipids are on the exterior of the lipid bilayer in contact with the water ...
emboj7601781-sup
... (A) Specificity of XRab40 Mo. EGFP-XRab40 mRNA was coexpressed with mRFP in the animal regions. (B) Mo target XRab40 mRNA was expressed together with mRFP and XRab40 Mo (2 pmol) in the animal regions. (C) Specificity of XCullin5 Mo. EGFP-Mo sensitive XCul5 mRNA (500 pg) was coexpressed with RFP-Mo r ...
... (A) Specificity of XRab40 Mo. EGFP-XRab40 mRNA was coexpressed with mRFP in the animal regions. (B) Mo target XRab40 mRNA was expressed together with mRFP and XRab40 Mo (2 pmol) in the animal regions. (C) Specificity of XCullin5 Mo. EGFP-Mo sensitive XCul5 mRNA (500 pg) was coexpressed with RFP-Mo r ...
The main actors involved in extending the invertebrate life span
... Fig. 2 Longitudinal sections of the fat body from short- (a-d) and long (e, f) life Drosophila females fed with standard diet (controls) and in the presence of E. coli (PAS/hematoxylin, a-c, e, f; hematoxylin-eosin, d). At day 4, when no survival differences were found between controls and bacteria ...
... Fig. 2 Longitudinal sections of the fat body from short- (a-d) and long (e, f) life Drosophila females fed with standard diet (controls) and in the presence of E. coli (PAS/hematoxylin, a-c, e, f; hematoxylin-eosin, d). At day 4, when no survival differences were found between controls and bacteria ...
Arabidopsis RHD3 mediates the generation of the tubular ER
... of rhd3-1::GFP–RHD3 root epidermal cells revealed that the fusion protein marked a fine meshwork reminiscent of the cortical ER (Fig. 1E; supplementary material Movies 1, 2). In rhd3-1 cells, the fine polygonal tubular ER appeared severely compromised, as shown in rhd3-1 root epidermal cells stained ...
... of rhd3-1::GFP–RHD3 root epidermal cells revealed that the fusion protein marked a fine meshwork reminiscent of the cortical ER (Fig. 1E; supplementary material Movies 1, 2). In rhd3-1 cells, the fine polygonal tubular ER appeared severely compromised, as shown in rhd3-1 root epidermal cells stained ...
A parafusin-related Toxoplasma protein in Ca -regulated secretory organelles
... micronemes beneath the plasma membrane (Porchet and Torpier, 1977). Both protozoa have a continuous membrane system, alveolar sacs, which underlie the plasma membrane. In Paramecium these sacs are Ca2 storage compartments, analogous to the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells (Stelly et al., 1991 ...
... micronemes beneath the plasma membrane (Porchet and Torpier, 1977). Both protozoa have a continuous membrane system, alveolar sacs, which underlie the plasma membrane. In Paramecium these sacs are Ca2 storage compartments, analogous to the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells (Stelly et al., 1991 ...
View Full Page PDF - The American Biology Teacher
... 1891). These cells (see Glossary) both replenish themselves and differentiate anew into tissue-specific cells that replace those lost to physiological wear and tear and/or injury (Smith et al., 1991). The presence and proliferation of highly potent stem cells in both vertebrates and invertebrates ar ...
... 1891). These cells (see Glossary) both replenish themselves and differentiate anew into tissue-specific cells that replace those lost to physiological wear and tear and/or injury (Smith et al., 1991). The presence and proliferation of highly potent stem cells in both vertebrates and invertebrates ar ...
Títol del treball:
... important internal and external factors, such as phytohormones and light exposition. In the Arabidopsis seedling, this process is decisive for cotyledon expansion and leaf development and it is the main responsible for the postembryonic growth in etiolated hypocotyls (with almost no contribution fro ...
... important internal and external factors, such as phytohormones and light exposition. In the Arabidopsis seedling, this process is decisive for cotyledon expansion and leaf development and it is the main responsible for the postembryonic growth in etiolated hypocotyls (with almost no contribution fro ...
Developmental origin and lineage plasticity of endogenous cardiac
... © 2016. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Development (2016) 143, 1242-1258 doi:10.1242/dev.111591 ...
... © 2016. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Development (2016) 143, 1242-1258 doi:10.1242/dev.111591 ...
Mediator Acts Upstream of the Transcriptional Activator Gal4
... regulation of gene expression. The deletion of the gene encoding the F-box protein Mdm30 had been reported to stabilize the transcriptional activator Gal4 under inducing conditions and to lead to defects in galactose utilization, suggesting that recycling of Gal4 is required for its function. Subseq ...
... regulation of gene expression. The deletion of the gene encoding the F-box protein Mdm30 had been reported to stabilize the transcriptional activator Gal4 under inducing conditions and to lead to defects in galactose utilization, suggesting that recycling of Gal4 is required for its function. Subseq ...
Extra-embryonic endoderm differentiation
... in other experiments to display strong laminin immunoreactivity, consistent with their identity as PE cells. Results are presented ± s.e.m., the significance of differences being assessed by unpaired ttest; P<0.05 was regarded as significant. For analysis of PE migration, EBs were cultured in suspen ...
... in other experiments to display strong laminin immunoreactivity, consistent with their identity as PE cells. Results are presented ± s.e.m., the significance of differences being assessed by unpaired ttest; P<0.05 was regarded as significant. For analysis of PE migration, EBs were cultured in suspen ...
new bryokhutuliinia species (bryophyta) with sporophytes
... and foliage, or with leaves more densely arranged, complanate, with a more acute angle with branch axis compared to associated stem leaves; proximal branch leaves much smaller and more crowded or only slightly differentiated, branch bases without foliose structures. Stem leaves loosely to densely ar ...
... and foliage, or with leaves more densely arranged, complanate, with a more acute angle with branch axis compared to associated stem leaves; proximal branch leaves much smaller and more crowded or only slightly differentiated, branch bases without foliose structures. Stem leaves loosely to densely ar ...
Chemical Induction of Hsp70 Reduces -Synuclein
... Departments of †Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ∥Bioengineering, and ⊥Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, ...
... Departments of †Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ∥Bioengineering, and ⊥Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, ...
Control of Metabolism and Growth Through Insulin-Like
... checkpoint (13). By contrast, the implication of target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase in a conserved nutrient checkpoint has been clearly established in both yeast and mammalian cells (14). In metazoans, TOR is part of a complex signaling pathway comprising other components like the tuberous sclerosis c ...
... checkpoint (13). By contrast, the implication of target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase in a conserved nutrient checkpoint has been clearly established in both yeast and mammalian cells (14). In metazoans, TOR is part of a complex signaling pathway comprising other components like the tuberous sclerosis c ...
ARTICLES Variability in gene expression underlies incomplete penetrance Arjun Raj
... in which wild-type cell fate is invariant and controlled by a small transcriptional network. Mutations in elements of this network can have indeterminate effects: some mutant embryos fail to develop intestinal cells, whereas others produce intestinal precursors. By counting transcripts of the genes ...
... in which wild-type cell fate is invariant and controlled by a small transcriptional network. Mutations in elements of this network can have indeterminate effects: some mutant embryos fail to develop intestinal cells, whereas others produce intestinal precursors. By counting transcripts of the genes ...
Myocardin-like protein 2 regulates TGF signaling in
... the developing vasculature are complex and poorly understood. Myocardin-like protein 2 (MKL2) is a transcriptional co-activator that in response to RhoA and cytoskeletal actin signals physically associates with serum response factor (SRF), activating a subset of SRF-regulated genes. We now report th ...
... the developing vasculature are complex and poorly understood. Myocardin-like protein 2 (MKL2) is a transcriptional co-activator that in response to RhoA and cytoskeletal actin signals physically associates with serum response factor (SRF), activating a subset of SRF-regulated genes. We now report th ...
Document
... Microvilli (mv) are specialized actin-based structures Increases surface area for Absorption by20-fold Villin and fimbrin cross link 20-30 actin filaments in mv Villin introduced into fibroblasts Induces microvilli formation ...
... Microvilli (mv) are specialized actin-based structures Increases surface area for Absorption by20-fold Villin and fimbrin cross link 20-30 actin filaments in mv Villin introduced into fibroblasts Induces microvilli formation ...
Protein Import, Replication, and Inheritance of a Vestigial
... and chaperonin 10 (25–27). In contrast, putative organelle targeting presequences have been identified in two Giardia proteins, IscU and Fd, but their functionality has not been demonstrated (3, 28). We tested the requirement for these putative targeting presequences using tagged variants of IscU an ...
... and chaperonin 10 (25–27). In contrast, putative organelle targeting presequences have been identified in two Giardia proteins, IscU and Fd, but their functionality has not been demonstrated (3, 28). We tested the requirement for these putative targeting presequences using tagged variants of IscU an ...
Temperature-controlled US-mediated intracellular delivery of a
... exposure to ultrasound can be sufficient to mediate extravasation and cellular uptake leading to an enhanced drug efficacy [10-12]. This effect has been attributed to microscopic fluid motions induced by the oscillating microbubbles in the ultrasound field (referred to as stable cavitation) that dr ...
... exposure to ultrasound can be sufficient to mediate extravasation and cellular uptake leading to an enhanced drug efficacy [10-12]. This effect has been attributed to microscopic fluid motions induced by the oscillating microbubbles in the ultrasound field (referred to as stable cavitation) that dr ...
Understanding How Lipopolysaccharide Impacts CD4 T Cell Immunity
... understanding of adjuvanticity. Superantigens have been paramount in this respect since they activate a large pool of endogenous CD4 and CD8 T cells by linking conserved TCR Vβ chains with MHC class II molecules on APCs. For example, injecting Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A (SEA) derived from the path ...
... understanding of adjuvanticity. Superantigens have been paramount in this respect since they activate a large pool of endogenous CD4 and CD8 T cells by linking conserved TCR Vβ chains with MHC class II molecules on APCs. For example, injecting Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A (SEA) derived from the path ...