Mitochondria as signaling organelles R E V I E W Open Access
... transport chain (ETC), which pumps protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient that is required both for production of ATP and for the efficient shuttling of proteins into and out of mitochondria. Mitochondrial ATP generation allows cells to maintain a hig ...
... transport chain (ETC), which pumps protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient that is required both for production of ATP and for the efficient shuttling of proteins into and out of mitochondria. Mitochondrial ATP generation allows cells to maintain a hig ...
how exercise builds muscle
... myofibrils. These components, called sarcomeres, are the contractile units of muscle; a myofibril contracts when all its sarcomeres do so. Sarcomeres are about 2.2 microns long and are linked end to end to make up a myofibril. Like Russian nesting dolls, muscle’s components keep getting smaller: wit ...
... myofibrils. These components, called sarcomeres, are the contractile units of muscle; a myofibril contracts when all its sarcomeres do so. Sarcomeres are about 2.2 microns long and are linked end to end to make up a myofibril. Like Russian nesting dolls, muscle’s components keep getting smaller: wit ...
Craniofacial Development and the Evolution of the Vertebrates: the
... modern treatment of the issue). However, this was never truly integrated with the transcendental morphology until recently, when molecular developmental biology became the glue to unite them (see de Beer, 1926, 1937, 1958; Jarvik, 1980; Couly et al., 1993, 1998; see Hanken and Hall, 1993, for studie ...
... modern treatment of the issue). However, this was never truly integrated with the transcendental morphology until recently, when molecular developmental biology became the glue to unite them (see de Beer, 1926, 1937, 1958; Jarvik, 1980; Couly et al., 1993, 1998; see Hanken and Hall, 1993, for studie ...
Cellular lipidomics
... generation does not make science. While powerful data analysis is a first requirement, the outcome is useful only to the extent that it answers a scientific question. Cell biologists must find out how metabolomics can be applied to further our understanding of the living cell in health and disease. ...
... generation does not make science. While powerful data analysis is a first requirement, the outcome is useful only to the extent that it answers a scientific question. Cell biologists must find out how metabolomics can be applied to further our understanding of the living cell in health and disease. ...
Laboratory Research, Cloning, and Human Cell Lines
... and these are currently being drafted. The effect of the changes to these regulations will be to more clearly and accurately define the scope of low-risk GMO developments in laboratory containment facilities. While these changes will correct some current anomalies in the regulations and allow some a ...
... and these are currently being drafted. The effect of the changes to these regulations will be to more clearly and accurately define the scope of low-risk GMO developments in laboratory containment facilities. While these changes will correct some current anomalies in the regulations and allow some a ...
THE ROLE OF FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR (FGF) AND TYPE
... the sutural tissue is not restricted to being an articulation but appears to include: 1) to unite bones, while allowing minor movements; 2) to act as growth áreas; and 3) to absorb mechanical stress, thus protecting its osteogenic tissue60 and the neural structures beneath. Pritchard et al61 stated ...
... the sutural tissue is not restricted to being an articulation but appears to include: 1) to unite bones, while allowing minor movements; 2) to act as growth áreas; and 3) to absorb mechanical stress, thus protecting its osteogenic tissue60 and the neural structures beneath. Pritchard et al61 stated ...
+Tec - Blood Journal
... Zap-70, Syk, Tyk-2, Jak-l, and Jak-2).’ Well-shared characters among the members of the Src-family are (1) an Nterminal myristylation site: (2) a C-terminal tyrosine residue as the negative regulatory site (corresponding to Tyr-527 in c - S r ~ ) and , ~ (3) Src homology (SH) 2 and SH3 domains in th ...
... Zap-70, Syk, Tyk-2, Jak-l, and Jak-2).’ Well-shared characters among the members of the Src-family are (1) an Nterminal myristylation site: (2) a C-terminal tyrosine residue as the negative regulatory site (corresponding to Tyr-527 in c - S r ~ ) and , ~ (3) Src homology (SH) 2 and SH3 domains in th ...
Antisickling Activity and Membrane Stabilizing Effect of
... Each year approximately 100,000 children in the world are born with sickle cell disease (SCD) which is a genetic disorder. This disease is considered as a public health problem in many countries, but with a major burden in Africa particularly in tropical regions in west and central Africa [1-5]. SCD ...
... Each year approximately 100,000 children in the world are born with sickle cell disease (SCD) which is a genetic disorder. This disease is considered as a public health problem in many countries, but with a major burden in Africa particularly in tropical regions in west and central Africa [1-5]. SCD ...
Functions of Skeletal Muscle Tissue
... lie parallel to one another in the direction of the long axis of the cell. They are not arranged in a definite striped (striated) pattern, as in skeletal muscles - hence the name smooth muscle . Smooth muscle fibres interlace to form sheets or layers of muscle tissue rather than bundles. Smooth musc ...
... lie parallel to one another in the direction of the long axis of the cell. They are not arranged in a definite striped (striated) pattern, as in skeletal muscles - hence the name smooth muscle . Smooth muscle fibres interlace to form sheets or layers of muscle tissue rather than bundles. Smooth musc ...
- D-Scholarship@Pitt
... Abstract. The trial and error of the pioneering xenotransplant trials over the past three decades has defined the limitation of the species used. Success was tantalizingly close with the chimpanzee, baboon, and other primates. The use of more disparate species has been frustrated by the xenoantibody ...
... Abstract. The trial and error of the pioneering xenotransplant trials over the past three decades has defined the limitation of the species used. Success was tantalizingly close with the chimpanzee, baboon, and other primates. The use of more disparate species has been frustrated by the xenoantibody ...
Journal of Phycology
... lipids in the chloroplast fraction (Fig. 7b, lane 3). Isochrysis galbana and E. huxleyi cultures produced similar results, but E. huxleyi lipids associated with LB were more difficult to recover after centrifugation, even when cells had notable lipid vesicles (not shown). The GC analysis of cell fra ...
... lipids in the chloroplast fraction (Fig. 7b, lane 3). Isochrysis galbana and E. huxleyi cultures produced similar results, but E. huxleyi lipids associated with LB were more difficult to recover after centrifugation, even when cells had notable lipid vesicles (not shown). The GC analysis of cell fra ...
C. elegans - York College of Pennsylvania
... Figure 2: C. elegans on a control plate containing HT115 bacterial cells with plasmid 1. Plate was imaged 48 hours after initial transfer of C. elegans. The area circled indicates the disturbed areas of bacteria in which the C. elegans has already traveled over. The fact that there are increased amo ...
... Figure 2: C. elegans on a control plate containing HT115 bacterial cells with plasmid 1. Plate was imaged 48 hours after initial transfer of C. elegans. The area circled indicates the disturbed areas of bacteria in which the C. elegans has already traveled over. The fact that there are increased amo ...
Slits affect the timely migration of neural crest cells via robo receptor
... Slit1 (A), Slit2 (B), Slit3 (C), Robo1 (D), and Robo2 (E) anti-sense probes. HH12–13 chicken embryos showed expression of Slit ligands in dorsal neural tube (arrows in H–K sections for Slit1 and Slit2). Robo1 receptor is expressed in the medial somites (red arrow in D) but also in the neural tube at ...
... Slit1 (A), Slit2 (B), Slit3 (C), Robo1 (D), and Robo2 (E) anti-sense probes. HH12–13 chicken embryos showed expression of Slit ligands in dorsal neural tube (arrows in H–K sections for Slit1 and Slit2). Robo1 receptor is expressed in the medial somites (red arrow in D) but also in the neural tube at ...
as a PDF
... from the same site (Fig. 1A, Movies S1,S2). Limited examples of severing or breakage in elongated microtubules were recorded, though in 24 of 51 observed severing events at least one of the resulting microtubules depolymerized to extinction. In observations of 30 cells, we failed to observe a microt ...
... from the same site (Fig. 1A, Movies S1,S2). Limited examples of severing or breakage in elongated microtubules were recorded, though in 24 of 51 observed severing events at least one of the resulting microtubules depolymerized to extinction. In observations of 30 cells, we failed to observe a microt ...
"Molecular Motors in Plant Cells". In: Molecular Motors
... Molecular motors regulate diverse cellular functions including the organization and dynamics of microtubule (MT) and actin cytoskeleton, cytoplasmic streaming, cell polarity, cell growth, morphogenesis, chromosome segregation and transport of vesicles, organelles and macromolecular complexes. In euk ...
... Molecular motors regulate diverse cellular functions including the organization and dynamics of microtubule (MT) and actin cytoskeleton, cytoplasmic streaming, cell polarity, cell growth, morphogenesis, chromosome segregation and transport of vesicles, organelles and macromolecular complexes. In euk ...
Inhibition of copepod grazing by diatom exudates: a factor in the
... have been shown to be involved in the attachment of cells to surfaces and cell-cell adhesion, producing multicellular aggregates (Yoshida 1991). Interparticle bridging by polysaccharide polymers is thought to be important in formation of larger organic aggregates in the sea (Alldredge & McGillivary ...
... have been shown to be involved in the attachment of cells to surfaces and cell-cell adhesion, producing multicellular aggregates (Yoshida 1991). Interparticle bridging by polysaccharide polymers is thought to be important in formation of larger organic aggregates in the sea (Alldredge & McGillivary ...
An analysis of the response to gut induction in the C. elegans embryo
... 3NB12 monoclonal antibody (Priess and Thomson, 1987). Body wall muscle differentiation was assayed using a polyclonal antibody to paramyosin kindly provided by Hiroaki Kagawa. Hypodermal differentiation was assayed using a polyclonal antibody to LIN-26 protein, which stains some descendants of isola ...
... 3NB12 monoclonal antibody (Priess and Thomson, 1987). Body wall muscle differentiation was assayed using a polyclonal antibody to paramyosin kindly provided by Hiroaki Kagawa. Hypodermal differentiation was assayed using a polyclonal antibody to LIN-26 protein, which stains some descendants of isola ...
Exocytosis and cell polarity in plants exocyst and recycling domains
... release of the GTPase Arf1 from Golgi membranes in tissue culture cells (Langhans & Robinson, 2007). 4,4-Difluoro-5,7dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-S-indacene (BODIPY® FL)labelled PA localized, on prolonged exposure, into Golgi bodies in pollen tubes (Potocký et al., 2003). Arabidopsis mammalianlike PL ...
... release of the GTPase Arf1 from Golgi membranes in tissue culture cells (Langhans & Robinson, 2007). 4,4-Difluoro-5,7dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-S-indacene (BODIPY® FL)labelled PA localized, on prolonged exposure, into Golgi bodies in pollen tubes (Potocký et al., 2003). Arabidopsis mammalianlike PL ...
Dependence of an Adenosine-Activated Potassium Current on a
... pg/ml and stored for up to 2 d at 0-4°C. Purine nucleotides were obtained from Boehringer Mannheim and Sigma. ...
... pg/ml and stored for up to 2 d at 0-4°C. Purine nucleotides were obtained from Boehringer Mannheim and Sigma. ...
Arabidopsis ORGAN SIZE RELATED1 regulates organ growth and
... In Arabidopsis leaves, most cells begin to undergo cell expansion when cell proliferation arrests gradually from leaf tip to base; however, there are still some cells that maintain the meristematic competence to continue dividing and form the specific cell type within each cell layer (Donnelly et al ...
... In Arabidopsis leaves, most cells begin to undergo cell expansion when cell proliferation arrests gradually from leaf tip to base; however, there are still some cells that maintain the meristematic competence to continue dividing and form the specific cell type within each cell layer (Donnelly et al ...
Frequent exchange of the DNA polymerase during bacterial
... synthesis is performed by the Pol III polymerase (aeq). Three copies of Pol III are incorporated into the replisome through an interaction with the t subunit of the pentameric clamp loader complex (t3dd’). Together, these constitute the Pol III* subassembly ((aeq)3-t3dd’). The clamp loader is also r ...
... synthesis is performed by the Pol III polymerase (aeq). Three copies of Pol III are incorporated into the replisome through an interaction with the t subunit of the pentameric clamp loader complex (t3dd’). Together, these constitute the Pol III* subassembly ((aeq)3-t3dd’). The clamp loader is also r ...
Accumulation of autophagic vacuoles and cardiomyopathy in LAMP
... in the index case of Danon’s disease17 and nine other unrelated patients with this familial disease, which is characterized by fatal cardiomyopathy, variable mental retardation and mild myopathy18. Ultrastructurally, the accumulation of vacuoles within skeletal and cardiac muscle is a prominent find ...
... in the index case of Danon’s disease17 and nine other unrelated patients with this familial disease, which is characterized by fatal cardiomyopathy, variable mental retardation and mild myopathy18. Ultrastructurally, the accumulation of vacuoles within skeletal and cardiac muscle is a prominent find ...
Lightning-triggered electroporation and electrofusion as possible
... [19,20], were rare and largely ignored. With extensive DNA sequencing, however, it emerged that a number of genes in eukaryotes are absent from archaeal genomes, yet present in phylogenetically more distant bacteria [21,22], and it also became increasingly clear that the phylogenetic trees charted f ...
... [19,20], were rare and largely ignored. With extensive DNA sequencing, however, it emerged that a number of genes in eukaryotes are absent from archaeal genomes, yet present in phylogenetically more distant bacteria [21,22], and it also became increasingly clear that the phylogenetic trees charted f ...
PDF
... material) (Saint-Amant and Drapeau, 1998). By contrast, mi310 mutants did not respond to touch and remained motionless in the water (Fig. 1E-H; see Movie 2 in the supplementary material). To test whether the motor system is dysfunctional in mutants, we observed spontaneous swimming following bath ap ...
... material) (Saint-Amant and Drapeau, 1998). By contrast, mi310 mutants did not respond to touch and remained motionless in the water (Fig. 1E-H; see Movie 2 in the supplementary material). To test whether the motor system is dysfunctional in mutants, we observed spontaneous swimming following bath ap ...