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Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Plant Cell Interactions and Activities
Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Plant Cell Interactions and Activities

... have shown the latter to be composed of three domains—a linker (L) domain involved in phenol perception; the kinase (K) domain that includes the conserved histidine that is phosphorylated as well as an ATP-binding site; and a receiver (R) domain that has some sequence homology, including the conserv ...
This Week in Microbiology
This Week in Microbiology

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... morphogenesis is the early stages of gastrulation in the Drosophila embryo, whereby cells in defined regions of the embryo are rapidly internalised (Leptin and Grunewald 1990; Knust and Muller 1998). The two major morphogenetic movements that occur during Drosophila gastrulation are the invagination ...
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... mediate these two processes. First, we examine the means by which Agrobacterium recognizes the host, via both diffusible plant-derived chemicals and cell-cell contact, with emphasis on the mechanisms by which multiple host signals are recognized and activate the virulence process. Second, we charact ...
Chlorophyll Breakdown Branches Out: Identification
Chlorophyll Breakdown Branches Out: Identification

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... day until colonies were visible to the naked eye. Colonies were stained with plating 50,000 cells/ml in the presence or absence of 20 nM rapamycin and crystal violet (0.1% in 20% methanol). FL5.12 cells were maintained in RPMI measuring cell number at 24-h intervals with a Coulter Z2 particle analyz ...
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... Disclosures: R.F., J.W., MVP, HW R.R., S.M., I.F. M.C., D.N.R, S.S., S.C., G.A., P.W., J.S.d.B. are present or past employees of The Institute of Cancer Research, which has a commercial interest in the development of HSP90 inhibitors, and operates a Rewards to Discovers scheme. J.S.d.B. received co ...
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1-Tubulin mRNAs Are Specified by the First 13

... mechanism(s) for regulating the synthesis of both a and I8 tubulins. In fact, for animal cells we now know that the control of tubulin expression is exercised at two general levels. The first level is selective transcriptional activation during cell differentiation of one or more of the -6 to 7 func ...
Feedback between population and evolutionary dynamics
Feedback between population and evolutionary dynamics

... speciation typically occurs. While this long-term effect of evolution on ecology has been long appreciated, it is typically assumed that evolutionary dynamics occurs over timescales that are too long to affect the dynamics of population size in the short term[1]. For this reason, most models of popu ...
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Amitosis

Amitosis (a- + mitosis) is absence of mitosis, the usual form of cell division in the cells of eukaryotes. There are several senses in which eukaryotic cells can be amitotic. One refers to capability for non-mitotic division and the other refers to lack of capability for division. In one sense of the word, which is now mostly obsolete, amitosis is cell division in eukaryotic cells that happens without the usual features of mitosis as seen on microscopy, namely, without nuclear envelope breakdown and without formation of mitotic spindle and condensed chromosomes as far as microscopy can detect. However, most examples of cell division formerly thought to belong to this supposedly ""non-mitotic"" class, such as the division of unicellular eukaryotes, are today recognized as belonging to a class of mitosis called closed mitosis. A spectrum of mitotic activity can be categorized as open, semi-closed, and closed mitosis, depending on the fate of the nuclear envelope. An exception is the division of ciliate macronucleus, which is not mitotic, and the reference to this process as amitosis may be the only legitimate use of the ""non-mitotic division"" sense of the term today. In animals and plants which normally have open mitosis, the microscopic picture described in the 19th century as amitosis most likely corresponded to apoptosis, a process of programmed cell death associated with fragmentation of the nucleus and cytoplasm. Relatedly, even in the late 19th century cytologists mentioned that in larger life forms, amitosis is a ""forerunner of degeneration"".Another sense of amitotic refers to cells of certain tissues that are usually no longer capable of mitosis once the organism has matured into adulthood. In humans this is true of various muscle and nerve tissue types; if the existing ones are damaged, they cannot be replaced with new ones of equal capability. For example, cardiac muscle destroyed by heart attack and nerves destroyed by piercing trauma usually cannot regenerate. In contrast, skin cells are capable of mitosis throughout adulthood; old skin cells that die and slough off are replaced with new ones. Human liver tissue also has a sort of dormant regenerative ability; it is usually not needed or expressed but can be elicited if needed.
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