![Biodiversity, Extinction, and Humanity`s Future](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/006038196_1-027904ded59803b9b17499cda30c4923-300x300.png)
Biodiversity, Extinction, and Humanity`s Future
... estimated total of slightly above seven billion. Our species has already experienced and, to a considerable extent, contributed to a significant extinction event, so both prehistoric and historic human actions have already shaped global biology. At issue now is the extent and direction of ongoing hu ...
... estimated total of slightly above seven billion. Our species has already experienced and, to a considerable extent, contributed to a significant extinction event, so both prehistoric and historic human actions have already shaped global biology. At issue now is the extent and direction of ongoing hu ...
Ecosystem dynamics and fisheries management in
... Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Bergen, Norway ...
... Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Bergen, Norway ...
WORKBOOK
... answer the questions. One way scientists can identify an animal is by the shape of its body cavity. A body cavity is called a coelom. Very simple animals, such as flatworms, have no body cavity. More complex animals, such as roundworms, have a body cavity filled with fluid that provides support. In ...
... answer the questions. One way scientists can identify an animal is by the shape of its body cavity. A body cavity is called a coelom. Very simple animals, such as flatworms, have no body cavity. More complex animals, such as roundworms, have a body cavity filled with fluid that provides support. In ...
Intra-guild competition and its implications for one of the biggest
... Late Cretaceous deposits [42], and many of these deposits show a relatively high abundance of both small theropods and small herbivorous dinosaurs (hypsilophodontids and pachycephalosaurs) [43]. This suggests that smaller carnivores and herbivores were proportionally much more abundant than tyrannos ...
... Late Cretaceous deposits [42], and many of these deposits show a relatively high abundance of both small theropods and small herbivorous dinosaurs (hypsilophodontids and pachycephalosaurs) [43]. This suggests that smaller carnivores and herbivores were proportionally much more abundant than tyrannos ...
Evolution, ecology and biochronology of herbivore associations in
... very large size group (V, 800-1000 kg) includes, mostly, large-sized grazing bovides, with only one cervid species (Alces latifrons). Finally, the giant size group (VI, more than 1000 kg) corresponds to a specific ecological niche occupied by non-ruminant rhinos. 2.3 - DIET CLASSIFICATION The diet s ...
... very large size group (V, 800-1000 kg) includes, mostly, large-sized grazing bovides, with only one cervid species (Alces latifrons). Finally, the giant size group (VI, more than 1000 kg) corresponds to a specific ecological niche occupied by non-ruminant rhinos. 2.3 - DIET CLASSIFICATION The diet s ...
Major Patterns and Processes in Biodiversity: taxonomic
... geological ages nor regions. Pandemic biodiversity is due to evolutionary processes in which every species is supposed to have evolved from another species through natural selection in a broad sense. Selection is mainly initiated and directed by availability and character of ecological niches. This ...
... geological ages nor regions. Pandemic biodiversity is due to evolutionary processes in which every species is supposed to have evolved from another species through natural selection in a broad sense. Selection is mainly initiated and directed by availability and character of ecological niches. This ...
EnvScisamplebooktestChp13Questions
... b) they are increasing their populations in spite of consistent hunting c) their numbers are declining due to overfishing d) they are important as fish that are processed as fish meal for agricultural food e) they have been banned from commercial fishing 27. The International Union for the Conservat ...
... b) they are increasing their populations in spite of consistent hunting c) their numbers are declining due to overfishing d) they are important as fish that are processed as fish meal for agricultural food e) they have been banned from commercial fishing 27. The International Union for the Conservat ...
Life History Analyses
... Even in organisms without abrupt shifts between life stages, different sized and aged individuals may have very different ecological roles. A size- or stage-specific ecological role has been called an ontogenetic niche (個體發育區位) by Werner and Gilliam ...
... Even in organisms without abrupt shifts between life stages, different sized and aged individuals may have very different ecological roles. A size- or stage-specific ecological role has been called an ontogenetic niche (個體發育區位) by Werner and Gilliam ...
Modelling macroevolutionary patterns: An
... that the number of species extinctions in the history of life is almost the same as the number of originations [52]. Early analyses suggested that two basic regimes were involved in the overall pattern of extinction. The first would be “background extinctions” (possibly due to biological competition) ...
... that the number of species extinctions in the history of life is almost the same as the number of originations [52]. Early analyses suggested that two basic regimes were involved in the overall pattern of extinction. The first would be “background extinctions” (possibly due to biological competition) ...
Why fly The possible benefits for lower mortality
... (3) I t increases the chances of escaping from predators, primarily by allowing movement in three dimensions, rather than two, but also because flight is typically faster than running or jumping. It is the last of these which forms the basis of this paper. Birds may have evolved flight in the first ...
... (3) I t increases the chances of escaping from predators, primarily by allowing movement in three dimensions, rather than two, but also because flight is typically faster than running or jumping. It is the last of these which forms the basis of this paper. Birds may have evolved flight in the first ...
Fish Aggregation Devices (FADs)
... colonies) that directly or indirectly creates an opportunity for new individuals (or colonies) to become established". (Sousa 1984). "Any relatively discrete event in time that removes organisms and opens up space which can be colonized by individuals of the same or different species" (Begon et al. ...
... colonies) that directly or indirectly creates an opportunity for new individuals (or colonies) to become established". (Sousa 1984). "Any relatively discrete event in time that removes organisms and opens up space which can be colonized by individuals of the same or different species" (Begon et al. ...
The Cronus hypothesis – extinction as a necessary and dynamic
... describes the Earth‟s mass extinctions as Medean events – large biodiversity loss driven by life itself (Ward 2009a). Arguing that the Gaia hypothesis cannot account for large shifts in the Earth‟s temperature over geological time, Medea describes how the massive flux of atmospheric carbon dioxide a ...
... describes the Earth‟s mass extinctions as Medean events – large biodiversity loss driven by life itself (Ward 2009a). Arguing that the Gaia hypothesis cannot account for large shifts in the Earth‟s temperature over geological time, Medea describes how the massive flux of atmospheric carbon dioxide a ...
Diversity, invasive species and extinctions in insular ecosystems
... included all additional nonvolant, native mammal and lizard taxa. This is an underestimate for two reasons. First, both cats and rats feed on terrestrial and intertidal invertebrates (Reed & Bowen 2001; Towns et al. 2006). Second, both predators are known to prey on seabirds and their eggs when avai ...
... included all additional nonvolant, native mammal and lizard taxa. This is an underestimate for two reasons. First, both cats and rats feed on terrestrial and intertidal invertebrates (Reed & Bowen 2001; Towns et al. 2006). Second, both predators are known to prey on seabirds and their eggs when avai ...
dinosaurs. real close.
... Its arms were only 3 feet long with two fingers which were unusually powerful for their size. Hind limbs were much longer and very strong Had cone-shaped, serrated teeth that had to continually be replaced ...
... Its arms were only 3 feet long with two fingers which were unusually powerful for their size. Hind limbs were much longer and very strong Had cone-shaped, serrated teeth that had to continually be replaced ...
Patterns in body mass distributions: sifting among alternative
... spaceÕ (McShea 2000) while a driven trend is one in which the chance of morphological change, speciation and extinction are the same for all lineages throughout the state space. Passive and driven trends are consistent with selection bias and developmental tendencies, and within different contexts ( ...
... spaceÕ (McShea 2000) while a driven trend is one in which the chance of morphological change, speciation and extinction are the same for all lineages throughout the state space. Passive and driven trends are consistent with selection bias and developmental tendencies, and within different contexts ( ...
Patterns in body mass distributions: sifting among alternative
... spaceÕ (McShea 2000) while a driven trend is one in which the chance of morphological change, speciation and extinction are the same for all lineages throughout the state space. Passive and driven trends are consistent with selection bias and developmental tendencies, and within different contexts ( ...
... spaceÕ (McShea 2000) while a driven trend is one in which the chance of morphological change, speciation and extinction are the same for all lineages throughout the state space. Passive and driven trends are consistent with selection bias and developmental tendencies, and within different contexts ( ...
Chapter 33: Mammals
... The mammalian circulatory system is an arrangement of pumps and blood vessels The main pump, the heart, sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs After it leaves the lungs, the now oxygenated blood returns to the heart and is pumped throughout the rest of the body via blood vessels The two separate circ ...
... The mammalian circulatory system is an arrangement of pumps and blood vessels The main pump, the heart, sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs After it leaves the lungs, the now oxygenated blood returns to the heart and is pumped throughout the rest of the body via blood vessels The two separate circ ...
Body size in ecological networks
... seed dispersal are common [59], but such networks are rarely studied to a similar depth as is true of ‘traditional’ food webs [60]. The role of body size in plant–animal mutualistic webs remains relatively unexplored, in spite of obvious constraints on nodes and links (e.g. large consumer species ar ...
... seed dispersal are common [59], but such networks are rarely studied to a similar depth as is true of ‘traditional’ food webs [60]. The role of body size in plant–animal mutualistic webs remains relatively unexplored, in spite of obvious constraints on nodes and links (e.g. large consumer species ar ...
The Central American land bridge: evolution at work
... Institute, Balboa, Republic of Panama The Neogene of tropical America was a time of revolutionary change both at community and species levels. The Panama gateway region has been widely used to document and model patterns of evolution in a wellconstrained geologic setup. The changes brought about by ...
... Institute, Balboa, Republic of Panama The Neogene of tropical America was a time of revolutionary change both at community and species levels. The Panama gateway region has been widely used to document and model patterns of evolution in a wellconstrained geologic setup. The changes brought about by ...
laws_gabric
... pressure. In particular, the simulations suggested the hypothesis that within the ...
... pressure. In particular, the simulations suggested the hypothesis that within the ...
Table of Contents
... to move with greater speed as a result of subdivided body cavities that allowed better control of movement. • Many different lineages of animals evolved feeding structures designed to extract small prey from the water, most likely because this was the only type of food available during much of anima ...
... to move with greater speed as a result of subdivided body cavities that allowed better control of movement. • Many different lineages of animals evolved feeding structures designed to extract small prey from the water, most likely because this was the only type of food available during much of anima ...
Relationships between body size and abundance in ecology
... Another clue that energetic processes might underlie the power-law form of the GSDR comes from the differences in coefficients (i.e., c) that exist between groups (e.g. endotherms versus ectotherms). Most notably, shifts in the coefficients are approximately proportional to the efficiency of energy ...
... Another clue that energetic processes might underlie the power-law form of the GSDR comes from the differences in coefficients (i.e., c) that exist between groups (e.g. endotherms versus ectotherms). Most notably, shifts in the coefficients are approximately proportional to the efficiency of energy ...
Across ecosystem comparisons of size structure: methods
... The entity (e.g. individual, population, species, or size-class) for which size is quantified has implications for conceptualising, defining and quantifying size structure, and for interpreting the ecological meaning of the resultant patterns. Body size as an attribute of individuals is relatively una ...
... The entity (e.g. individual, population, species, or size-class) for which size is quantified has implications for conceptualising, defining and quantifying size structure, and for interpreting the ecological meaning of the resultant patterns. Body size as an attribute of individuals is relatively una ...
Megafauna
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Elephant_near_ndutu.jpg?width=300)
In terrestrial zoology, megafauna (Ancient Greek megas ""large"" + New Latin fauna ""animal"") are large or giant animals. The most common thresholds used are 45 kilograms (100 lb) or 100 kilograms (220 lb). This thus includes many species not popularly thought of as overly large, such as white-tailed deer, red kangaroo, and humans.In practice, the most common usage encountered in academic and popular writing describes land animals roughly larger than a human that are not (solely) domesticated. The term is especially associated with the Pleistocene megafauna – the land animals often larger than modern counterparts considered archetypical of the last ice age, such as mammoths, the majority of which in northern Eurasia, the Americas and Australia became extinct as recently as 10,000–40,000 years ago. It is also commonly used for the largest extant wild land animals, especially elephants, giraffes, hippopotamuses, rhinoceroses, and large bovines. Megafauna may be subcategorized by their trophic position into megaherbivores (e.g., elk), megacarnivores (e.g., lions), and, more rarely, megaomnivores (e.g., bears).Other common uses are for giant aquatic species, especially whales, any larger wild or domesticated land animals such as larger antelope and cattle, as well as numerous dinosaurs and other extinct giant reptilians.The term is also sometimes applied to animals (usually extinct) of great size relative to a more common or surviving type of the animal, for example the 1 m (3 ft) dragonflies of the Carboniferous period.