Dr Geist Predators And Us
... continent free of humans for nearly 50,000 years, till – for reasons still disputed – America’s megafauna declined, and over about 6000 years went largely extinct. Even then the increase in humans, as tracked by the number of hearth discovered per 1000 years, increases very slowly. Moreover, it is i ...
... continent free of humans for nearly 50,000 years, till – for reasons still disputed – America’s megafauna declined, and over about 6000 years went largely extinct. Even then the increase in humans, as tracked by the number of hearth discovered per 1000 years, increases very slowly. Moreover, it is i ...
Atmospheric oxygen level and the evolution of insect body size
... in length, almost six times the size of any extant millipede. However, a critical analysis must conclude that the palaeontological evidence for a link between insect size and atmospheric oxygen levels is, at best, weakly correlational. The evidence for insect gigantism in the Permo-Carboniferous is ...
... in length, almost six times the size of any extant millipede. However, a critical analysis must conclude that the palaeontological evidence for a link between insect size and atmospheric oxygen levels is, at best, weakly correlational. The evidence for insect gigantism in the Permo-Carboniferous is ...
Life History Strategies: Trade-offs with reproduction and survival
... condition-dependent decision rules governing an organisms scheduling of allocation of resources towards growth, survival and reproduction. ...
... condition-dependent decision rules governing an organisms scheduling of allocation of resources towards growth, survival and reproduction. ...
AP Environmental Science Student Sample Question 1
... One point was earned in part (a) for providing an explanation that demonstrates how disease seldom causes extinction “because of genetic diversity.” Those individuals that “are genetically resistant” will be able to “survive and pass on their resistance” to the next generation. Two points were earne ...
... One point was earned in part (a) for providing an explanation that demonstrates how disease seldom causes extinction “because of genetic diversity.” Those individuals that “are genetically resistant” will be able to “survive and pass on their resistance” to the next generation. Two points were earne ...
Holocene vegetation change and the mammal faunas of South
... et al. (2000) dated a Toxodon from a karstic cave in southeastern Brazil to between 8000 and 5400 yr bp. This places these large mammals well into the middle Holocene, and considerably changes all previous views that the South American megafauna would have been extinct by that time. Besides, it indi ...
... et al. (2000) dated a Toxodon from a karstic cave in southeastern Brazil to between 8000 and 5400 yr bp. This places these large mammals well into the middle Holocene, and considerably changes all previous views that the South American megafauna would have been extinct by that time. Besides, it indi ...
Carrying capacity
... capacity could support a positive natural increase, or could require a negative natural increase. Thus, the carrying capacity is the number of individuals an environment can support without significant negative impacts to the given organism and its environment. Below carrying capacity, populations t ...
... capacity could support a positive natural increase, or could require a negative natural increase. Thus, the carrying capacity is the number of individuals an environment can support without significant negative impacts to the given organism and its environment. Below carrying capacity, populations t ...
Chapter 20-Populations
... • In 1970, ~ 3.7 billion people, and GROWTH rate was ~ 0.0196. Therefore, ~ 73 million people were ADDED in 1971 to global population. • In 12003, there were about 6.5 billion people, and the growth rate has dropped slightly to about 0.014. HOWEVER, about 92 million people were STILL added this year ...
... • In 1970, ~ 3.7 billion people, and GROWTH rate was ~ 0.0196. Therefore, ~ 73 million people were ADDED in 1971 to global population. • In 12003, there were about 6.5 billion people, and the growth rate has dropped slightly to about 0.014. HOWEVER, about 92 million people were STILL added this year ...
The impact of large terrestrial carnivores on Pleistocene ecosystems
... present. The maximum richness of six coexisting large hypercarnivores is found only in communities with three or more megaherbivores. This association between hypercarnivore diversity and megaherbivore diversity suggests that the presence of huge herbivores promotes, or at least permits, coexistence ...
... present. The maximum richness of six coexisting large hypercarnivores is found only in communities with three or more megaherbivores. This association between hypercarnivore diversity and megaherbivore diversity suggests that the presence of huge herbivores promotes, or at least permits, coexistence ...
Chapter 12
... c) decline as predators die. d) decline at first, but then increase as predators switch to other modes of feeding. e) decline at first, but then reach a small equilibrium population size. Answer: C 11. In the Lotka-Volterra predation model, the predator death rate is represented by a) c. b) p. c) cp ...
... c) decline as predators die. d) decline at first, but then increase as predators switch to other modes of feeding. e) decline at first, but then reach a small equilibrium population size. Answer: C 11. In the Lotka-Volterra predation model, the predator death rate is represented by a) c. b) p. c) cp ...
Mechanisms and Implications of Animal Flight
... contributions of wing mass to total rotational inertia can be considerable. Wings of flying vertebrates represent about 10–15% of total body mass, and are often longer than the body (see Thollesson and Norberg, 1991; van den Berg and Rayner, 1995). In eight bat species, moment of inertia in roll is ...
... contributions of wing mass to total rotational inertia can be considerable. Wings of flying vertebrates represent about 10–15% of total body mass, and are often longer than the body (see Thollesson and Norberg, 1991; van den Berg and Rayner, 1995). In eight bat species, moment of inertia in roll is ...
biology_-_module_4_-_notes
... The platypus is quite an unusual species that baffled scientist for many years, until new information and technologies became available. The platypus was firstly described in 1799 along with the koala, kangaroo, wombat and the emu which were all curious creates to the scientific community of that er ...
... The platypus is quite an unusual species that baffled scientist for many years, until new information and technologies became available. The platypus was firstly described in 1799 along with the koala, kangaroo, wombat and the emu which were all curious creates to the scientific community of that er ...
body size and trophic position in a diverse tropical food web
... species. Removal of abundant, large, algivore/detritivores (e.g., S. kneri), however, may result in a net increase in food chain length, as generalist predators shift their diets and consume taxa that occupy higher trophic positions (e.g., the small-bodied predators). Food web structure thus may be ...
... species. Removal of abundant, large, algivore/detritivores (e.g., S. kneri), however, may result in a net increase in food chain length, as generalist predators shift their diets and consume taxa that occupy higher trophic positions (e.g., the small-bodied predators). Food web structure thus may be ...
The Takahe
... Several species of tussock grasses. They eat the juicy part at the bottom of the blade where the sugar and protein is found. Parents may feed their young invertebrates to give ...
... Several species of tussock grasses. They eat the juicy part at the bottom of the blade where the sugar and protein is found. Parents may feed their young invertebrates to give ...
Butterfly contests and flight physiology: why do older males fight
... have been suggested or implied as potential physiological determinants of butterfly RHP, general empirical support is lacking. This is surprising because energetics and flight musculature have been implicated as key determinants of RHP in related insects that compete via conceptually similar aerial ...
... have been suggested or implied as potential physiological determinants of butterfly RHP, general empirical support is lacking. This is surprising because energetics and flight musculature have been implicated as key determinants of RHP in related insects that compete via conceptually similar aerial ...
modeling the role of primary productivity disruption in end
... warming caused by Siberian flood basalt volcanism (Bowring et al., 1998; Wignall, 2001), but none is supported by conclusive evidence. The uncertainty surrounding the trigger for the end-Permian event reflects the fact that very few unique mechanisms have been associated definitively with mass extin ...
... warming caused by Siberian flood basalt volcanism (Bowring et al., 1998; Wignall, 2001), but none is supported by conclusive evidence. The uncertainty surrounding the trigger for the end-Permian event reflects the fact that very few unique mechanisms have been associated definitively with mass extin ...
Small Mammals: Pests or Vital Components of the Ecosystem
... They are more efficient in effecting the mineralization of organic matter than either insects or ungulates (Golley et al. 1975). As much as 58% of the total herbage harvested by small mammmals on a shortgrass prairie was not consumed (Scott et al. 1979). These "wastage" activities may be important i ...
... They are more efficient in effecting the mineralization of organic matter than either insects or ungulates (Golley et al. 1975). As much as 58% of the total herbage harvested by small mammmals on a shortgrass prairie was not consumed (Scott et al. 1979). These "wastage" activities may be important i ...
Hui y McGeoch 2006
... can be measured by a morphological value, and hence every local population has its average morphological value. The morphological variation within populations is neglected (Gavrilets et al., 2000) since we only concentrate on evolutionary events and neglect the ecological ones (such as how a particu ...
... can be measured by a morphological value, and hence every local population has its average morphological value. The morphological variation within populations is neglected (Gavrilets et al., 2000) since we only concentrate on evolutionary events and neglect the ecological ones (such as how a particu ...
Trophic network models explain instability of Early Triassic terrestrial
... important sources of uncertainty in our knowledge of actual food webs, as well as their temporal and spatial variability. First, the exact number of trophic interactions that any fossil species would have possessed or the particular species with which it interacted cannot be known, even though we ha ...
... important sources of uncertainty in our knowledge of actual food webs, as well as their temporal and spatial variability. First, the exact number of trophic interactions that any fossil species would have possessed or the particular species with which it interacted cannot be known, even though we ha ...
Macropodiformes
... Macropodiformes are hunted by Dingo , Vultures , and Tasmanian Tigers (desert). Kangaroos are also hunted by humans for their fur and meat , which affects the food web negatively ; the decrease in kangaroos causes in increase of competition between its predators , causing a decline in both predator ...
... Macropodiformes are hunted by Dingo , Vultures , and Tasmanian Tigers (desert). Kangaroos are also hunted by humans for their fur and meat , which affects the food web negatively ; the decrease in kangaroos causes in increase of competition between its predators , causing a decline in both predator ...
Savanna landscapers?
... series of extinction events 50 to 10 thousand years ago wiped out the large animals (megafauna) of Europe, non-tropical Asia, Australia, and the Americas. While the age of large animals might have seen its end on most continents, Africa and small patches of tropical Asia remain the exception. Five g ...
... series of extinction events 50 to 10 thousand years ago wiped out the large animals (megafauna) of Europe, non-tropical Asia, Australia, and the Americas. While the age of large animals might have seen its end on most continents, Africa and small patches of tropical Asia remain the exception. Five g ...
doc ANSWER TO QUESTIONS PART II
... - Loess: new soil developed after ice retreat (?) 5. How was some of this geomorphic evidence used to support the Doctrine of Catastrophism? By definition a view that history of the Earth has to be explained by a series of violent events or catastrophes. Some of the geomorphic evidence is found as p ...
... - Loess: new soil developed after ice retreat (?) 5. How was some of this geomorphic evidence used to support the Doctrine of Catastrophism? By definition a view that history of the Earth has to be explained by a series of violent events or catastrophes. Some of the geomorphic evidence is found as p ...
Gymnesic Islands, Western Mediterranean
... wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus. Combined information from direct dating of bone collagen of E. quercinus and A. sylvaticus and from cultural associations provides an adequate framework to establish the chronology of the faunal change and to compare it with the chronological information available on ...
... wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus. Combined information from direct dating of bone collagen of E. quercinus and A. sylvaticus and from cultural associations provides an adequate framework to establish the chronology of the faunal change and to compare it with the chronological information available on ...
Latest Pleistocene Vertebrates in Western Canada
... pattern (“B. occidentalis”– like) took place not only on the Great Plains but also on the San Juans and Vancouver Island. A degree of such change occurred in SJ-VI between 11,750 and 10,900 14C yr BP, and that in southern Alberta between 11,300 and 10,000 14C yr BP. Given the temporal overlap and th ...
... pattern (“B. occidentalis”– like) took place not only on the Great Plains but also on the San Juans and Vancouver Island. A degree of such change occurred in SJ-VI between 11,750 and 10,900 14C yr BP, and that in southern Alberta between 11,300 and 10,000 14C yr BP. Given the temporal overlap and th ...
Change over Time
... Together they are ranked by many scientists as the second largest of the five major extinctions in Earth's history in terms of percentage of genera that went extinct. ...
... Together they are ranked by many scientists as the second largest of the five major extinctions in Earth's history in terms of percentage of genera that went extinct. ...
Nutrients Bottom-up Controls
... Effect of excluding fish and crabs using cages and fertilization on benthic productivity and respiration ...
... Effect of excluding fish and crabs using cages and fertilization on benthic productivity and respiration ...
Megafauna
In terrestrial zoology, megafauna (Ancient Greek megas ""large"" + New Latin fauna ""animal"") are large or giant animals. The most common thresholds used are 45 kilograms (100 lb) or 100 kilograms (220 lb). This thus includes many species not popularly thought of as overly large, such as white-tailed deer, red kangaroo, and humans.In practice, the most common usage encountered in academic and popular writing describes land animals roughly larger than a human that are not (solely) domesticated. The term is especially associated with the Pleistocene megafauna – the land animals often larger than modern counterparts considered archetypical of the last ice age, such as mammoths, the majority of which in northern Eurasia, the Americas and Australia became extinct as recently as 10,000–40,000 years ago. It is also commonly used for the largest extant wild land animals, especially elephants, giraffes, hippopotamuses, rhinoceroses, and large bovines. Megafauna may be subcategorized by their trophic position into megaherbivores (e.g., elk), megacarnivores (e.g., lions), and, more rarely, megaomnivores (e.g., bears).Other common uses are for giant aquatic species, especially whales, any larger wild or domesticated land animals such as larger antelope and cattle, as well as numerous dinosaurs and other extinct giant reptilians.The term is also sometimes applied to animals (usually extinct) of great size relative to a more common or surviving type of the animal, for example the 1 m (3 ft) dragonflies of the Carboniferous period.