Direct and indirect community effects of rebuilding plans
... classes is due to increased predation pressure from the adults of the target species (Figure 5b), whereas the larger asymptotic size classes are also affected by increased predation pressure during their juvenile stages. Furthermore, when the individuals of the larger asymptotic size classes are in ...
... classes is due to increased predation pressure from the adults of the target species (Figure 5b), whereas the larger asymptotic size classes are also affected by increased predation pressure during their juvenile stages. Furthermore, when the individuals of the larger asymptotic size classes are in ...
Putting Scientific Work in Context: Introductions
... Skogland 1985). For these species, migration appears to represent an effective strategy to escape predation. Mobile ungulates and their precocial young may be able to space themselves from their less mobile predators (Bergerud 1988; Fryxell and Sinclair 1988; Fryxell et al. 1988). Further associatio ...
... Skogland 1985). For these species, migration appears to represent an effective strategy to escape predation. Mobile ungulates and their precocial young may be able to space themselves from their less mobile predators (Bergerud 1988; Fryxell and Sinclair 1988; Fryxell et al. 1988). Further associatio ...
Stoichiometry of nutrient recycling by vertebrates in a tropical stream
... excretion ratio was caused largely by variation in body P content rather than by body W content. Variance inflation factors for multiple regressions were relatively low (Table 1), suggesting that analyses were not greatly biased by multicollinearity among variables. The relationship between body P c ...
... excretion ratio was caused largely by variation in body P content rather than by body W content. Variance inflation factors for multiple regressions were relatively low (Table 1), suggesting that analyses were not greatly biased by multicollinearity among variables. The relationship between body P c ...
Presence of mammalian predators decreases tolerance to human
... limited information available on which to base their decisions (Koops 2004). However, this behavior may carry costs in terms of energy expenditure and lost opportunities to feed or reproduce, which can potentially translate into reduced fitness (Gill et al. 2001; Creel and Christianson 2008; Cresswe ...
... limited information available on which to base their decisions (Koops 2004). However, this behavior may carry costs in terms of energy expenditure and lost opportunities to feed or reproduce, which can potentially translate into reduced fitness (Gill et al. 2001; Creel and Christianson 2008; Cresswe ...
Large predatory coral trout species unlikely to meet increasing
... on the ability of species to maintain physiological and functional performance or survive increasing temperatures. Consequently there is a lack of empirical evidence demonstrating if and how individual species, particularly larger predatory species, may overcome increased energetic needs (but see22) ...
... on the ability of species to maintain physiological and functional performance or survive increasing temperatures. Consequently there is a lack of empirical evidence demonstrating if and how individual species, particularly larger predatory species, may overcome increased energetic needs (but see22) ...
Welcome to the Large Carnivore Center!
... been competitors and we have probably, when the opportunity was given, also always hunted the carnivores. But it is not until quite recently that we have had the opportunity to control the number of either prey or predator. In modern time - within a few hundred years- many species became endangered ...
... been competitors and we have probably, when the opportunity was given, also always hunted the carnivores. But it is not until quite recently that we have had the opportunity to control the number of either prey or predator. In modern time - within a few hundred years- many species became endangered ...
Do phosphorus requirements for RNA limit genome size in crustacean zooplankton?
... ‘‘selfish DNA’’ hypothesis (Lynch 2007). As with any organismal trait, part of this variability could reflect phylogenetic constraints due to past evolutionary adaptations. However, closely related taxa can have widely different genome sizes (Hardie and Hebert 2004; Rees et al. 2007), pointing towar ...
... ‘‘selfish DNA’’ hypothesis (Lynch 2007). As with any organismal trait, part of this variability could reflect phylogenetic constraints due to past evolutionary adaptations. However, closely related taxa can have widely different genome sizes (Hardie and Hebert 2004; Rees et al. 2007), pointing towar ...
Predator–prey body size relationships when predators can consume
... material, S2). Although the available data are still limited, predators may exhibit distinct patterns of ontogenetic change in relative prey size depending on their feeding modes. We infer that these differences are related to the fact that terrestrial predators use a smaller subset of species compa ...
... material, S2). Although the available data are still limited, predators may exhibit distinct patterns of ontogenetic change in relative prey size depending on their feeding modes. We infer that these differences are related to the fact that terrestrial predators use a smaller subset of species compa ...
Zooplankton Notes
... Meroplankton are organisms which are part of the plankton for only part of their life cycle, usually an early, larval stage. As adults the meroplankton are benthos (including intertidal organisms) or nekton. The meroplankton often do not resemble the adult forms, to the extent that some were once th ...
... Meroplankton are organisms which are part of the plankton for only part of their life cycle, usually an early, larval stage. As adults the meroplankton are benthos (including intertidal organisms) or nekton. The meroplankton often do not resemble the adult forms, to the extent that some were once th ...
ecological drivers of antipredator defenses in carnivores
... necessary to spot predatory birds flying overhead, or (2) it facilitates group defense: some intrepid carnivores mob attacking predators including birds of prey or even smaller mammalian predators (e.g., jackals, Canis mesomelas), although not large terrestrial mammalian predators (e.g., lions, Pant ...
... necessary to spot predatory birds flying overhead, or (2) it facilitates group defense: some intrepid carnivores mob attacking predators including birds of prey or even smaller mammalian predators (e.g., jackals, Canis mesomelas), although not large terrestrial mammalian predators (e.g., lions, Pant ...
440adapt - eweb.furman.edu
... - We observe a constant AA substitution rate across species, even though we would expect that species with shorter generation times should have FASTER rates of substitution. - So, something must be 'slowing down' this rate of substitution in species with short gen. times. What's slowing it down is t ...
... - We observe a constant AA substitution rate across species, even though we would expect that species with shorter generation times should have FASTER rates of substitution. - So, something must be 'slowing down' this rate of substitution in species with short gen. times. What's slowing it down is t ...
1015 Johansson C
... “the capacity of a system to absorb disturbance and reorganize while undergoing change so as to still retain essentially the same function, structure, identity and feedbacks” (Walker et al 2004) ...
... “the capacity of a system to absorb disturbance and reorganize while undergoing change so as to still retain essentially the same function, structure, identity and feedbacks” (Walker et al 2004) ...
The evolution of bipedalism in hominids and
... more efficient than quadrupedalism for long-distance terrestrial locomotion, and was favored when resources became scarcer and more widely separated during the drying of African forests in the Miocene. Here we extend this scenario for the evolution of bipedalism based on principles of behavioral eco ...
... more efficient than quadrupedalism for long-distance terrestrial locomotion, and was favored when resources became scarcer and more widely separated during the drying of African forests in the Miocene. Here we extend this scenario for the evolution of bipedalism based on principles of behavioral eco ...
Hibernation and daily torpor minimize mammalian extinctions
... their energy and water requirements during unfavorable conditions will stand a better chance of survival. Indeed, torpor is a particularly common adaptation of species in regions of low productivity and unpredictable but relatively warm climates, such as Australia, Africa, and Madagascar (Lovegrove ...
... their energy and water requirements during unfavorable conditions will stand a better chance of survival. Indeed, torpor is a particularly common adaptation of species in regions of low productivity and unpredictable but relatively warm climates, such as Australia, Africa, and Madagascar (Lovegrove ...
Chapter 7 Pack Hunting in Miocene Borophagine Dogs: Evidence
... and two new approaches to estimating the typical prey size of extinct carnivores. The craniodental morphology of the Borophaginae is compared with that of the living Caninae and Hyaeninae (hyaenids exclusive of Proteles cristata, the aardwolf) based on measurements that reflect relative tooth size, ...
... and two new approaches to estimating the typical prey size of extinct carnivores. The craniodental morphology of the Borophaginae is compared with that of the living Caninae and Hyaeninae (hyaenids exclusive of Proteles cristata, the aardwolf) based on measurements that reflect relative tooth size, ...
Axia College Material
... as individuals live longer and the population does not suffer as much from cycles created by the ...
... as individuals live longer and the population does not suffer as much from cycles created by the ...
Predator–prey size relationships in an African large
... account all these considerations, because the complexity of obtaining sufficient data on numerous species can easily become overwhelming. However, despite their rich species assemblage, African large-mammal predator–prey webs present a more tractable number of species, and greater potential to obtai ...
... account all these considerations, because the complexity of obtaining sufficient data on numerous species can easily become overwhelming. However, despite their rich species assemblage, African large-mammal predator–prey webs present a more tractable number of species, and greater potential to obtai ...
PLASTICITY IN LIFE
... photoperiods induced short nymphal development times and reasoned that this prevented eggs from being laid too late in the autumn. Effects on size were not mentioned, suggesting that the primary mechanism was an increase in growth rate. Similar responses have been reported from other crickets (21). ...
... photoperiods induced short nymphal development times and reasoned that this prevented eggs from being laid too late in the autumn. Effects on size were not mentioned, suggesting that the primary mechanism was an increase in growth rate. Similar responses have been reported from other crickets (21). ...
Ecological Decay on Isolated Forest Fragments
... advises the Government of Venezuela on all domestic environmental issues. Eleven years ago, the Government created a large hydroelectric reservoir by submerging a large area of pristine tropical forest leaving only islands of forest where the high elevation areas remain above water. The Department o ...
... advises the Government of Venezuela on all domestic environmental issues. Eleven years ago, the Government created a large hydroelectric reservoir by submerging a large area of pristine tropical forest leaving only islands of forest where the high elevation areas remain above water. The Department o ...
185 - University of Connecticut
... compensation (a negative correlation in population density between competitors) and be most pronounced for species pairs that are morphologically similar, as they should compete most strongly for resources. We assessed the degree to which terrestrial snails in the LEF exhibit density compensation, f ...
... compensation (a negative correlation in population density between competitors) and be most pronounced for species pairs that are morphologically similar, as they should compete most strongly for resources. We assessed the degree to which terrestrial snails in the LEF exhibit density compensation, f ...
Terrestrial Salamander Monitoring Project
... terrestrial salamanders – specific characteristics • extremely efficient at converting food to biomass • longevity of 20 years • low biotic potential, intense protection of young … reproductive strategy? • no lungs – respire through skin, must avoid dessication • cold-blooded • territorial and aggr ...
... terrestrial salamanders – specific characteristics • extremely efficient at converting food to biomass • longevity of 20 years • low biotic potential, intense protection of young … reproductive strategy? • no lungs – respire through skin, must avoid dessication • cold-blooded • territorial and aggr ...
3 The Role of Top Carnivores in
... predators) as possible. Most of the time is spent in secure places-in burrows or dense thickets, for example, or in naturally protected spots such as steep mountain slopes or ledges (bighorn sheep and mountain goats). If predators are removed, then the quest for security ceases to be the leading reg ...
... predators) as possible. Most of the time is spent in secure places-in burrows or dense thickets, for example, or in naturally protected spots such as steep mountain slopes or ledges (bighorn sheep and mountain goats). If predators are removed, then the quest for security ceases to be the leading reg ...
Teacher Guide
... One vivid example is that of the ostrich, the emu, and the rhea. These large (6-plus feet tall) flightless birds are only distantly related (they A are all birds), but they look remarkably similar and share many aspects of their ecology. Yet they have evolved independently in the grasslands of three ...
... One vivid example is that of the ostrich, the emu, and the rhea. These large (6-plus feet tall) flightless birds are only distantly related (they A are all birds), but they look remarkably similar and share many aspects of their ecology. Yet they have evolved independently in the grasslands of three ...
Megafauna
In terrestrial zoology, megafauna (Ancient Greek megas ""large"" + New Latin fauna ""animal"") are large or giant animals. The most common thresholds used are 45 kilograms (100 lb) or 100 kilograms (220 lb). This thus includes many species not popularly thought of as overly large, such as white-tailed deer, red kangaroo, and humans.In practice, the most common usage encountered in academic and popular writing describes land animals roughly larger than a human that are not (solely) domesticated. The term is especially associated with the Pleistocene megafauna – the land animals often larger than modern counterparts considered archetypical of the last ice age, such as mammoths, the majority of which in northern Eurasia, the Americas and Australia became extinct as recently as 10,000–40,000 years ago. It is also commonly used for the largest extant wild land animals, especially elephants, giraffes, hippopotamuses, rhinoceroses, and large bovines. Megafauna may be subcategorized by their trophic position into megaherbivores (e.g., elk), megacarnivores (e.g., lions), and, more rarely, megaomnivores (e.g., bears).Other common uses are for giant aquatic species, especially whales, any larger wild or domesticated land animals such as larger antelope and cattle, as well as numerous dinosaurs and other extinct giant reptilians.The term is also sometimes applied to animals (usually extinct) of great size relative to a more common or surviving type of the animal, for example the 1 m (3 ft) dragonflies of the Carboniferous period.