On the relationship between trophic position, body mass and
... on food webs by considering how energy affects trophic position, thus including greater food web complexity. In addition, it presents an explicit connection between the Metabolic theory of ecology and food web topology. We show that the trophic position of small animals can be limited by their abili ...
... on food webs by considering how energy affects trophic position, thus including greater food web complexity. In addition, it presents an explicit connection between the Metabolic theory of ecology and food web topology. We show that the trophic position of small animals can be limited by their abili ...
Diet, Morphology, and Interspecific Killing in Carnivora
... Figure 1: Expected (open bars) and observed ( filled bars) frequency distributions of killing interactions within the Carnivora as a function of the arcsine-transformed square root body size difference (arcsine 冑BSD ) for each species pair. Expected and observed distributions differed at a p 0.05. T ...
... Figure 1: Expected (open bars) and observed ( filled bars) frequency distributions of killing interactions within the Carnivora as a function of the arcsine-transformed square root body size difference (arcsine 冑BSD ) for each species pair. Expected and observed distributions differed at a p 0.05. T ...
Parental Care II: Clutch Size, Incubation
... • The Predation Hypothesis - High predation rates could select for smaller clutches because: – it takes longer to lay a large clutch than a small one (so eggs & young in a large clutch are vulnerable to nest predators longer) – larger broods are noisier and require more nest visits by adults, both o ...
... • The Predation Hypothesis - High predation rates could select for smaller clutches because: – it takes longer to lay a large clutch than a small one (so eggs & young in a large clutch are vulnerable to nest predators longer) – larger broods are noisier and require more nest visits by adults, both o ...
Spatial Variability Enhances Species Fitness in
... namely, prey invading empty regions followed by predators feeding on them, in our two-dimensional stochastic Lotka-Volterra model. To this end, we set up as the initial state a circular patch of B particles, one per site, of radius 5 lattice constants and 10 predators A located on the center site of ...
... namely, prey invading empty regions followed by predators feeding on them, in our two-dimensional stochastic Lotka-Volterra model. To this end, we set up as the initial state a circular patch of B particles, one per site, of radius 5 lattice constants and 10 predators A located on the center site of ...
The Zoogeography of Mammalian Basal Metabolic Rate
... functional relationship between metabolism and body size. The validity of several other assumptions of the model have been questioned (Blackburn and Gaston 1994; Kozłowski 1996; Chown and Gaston 1997). Kozłowski and Weiner (1997), on the other hand, argue that within-species dependencies of physiolo ...
... functional relationship between metabolism and body size. The validity of several other assumptions of the model have been questioned (Blackburn and Gaston 1994; Kozłowski 1996; Chown and Gaston 1997). Kozłowski and Weiner (1997), on the other hand, argue that within-species dependencies of physiolo ...
A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Analysis of Multifactorial Land
... hypotheses until that information is revealed. The literature offers emblematic examples. Crete and Madagascar are often considered to have been isolated for millions of years. In fact, they harbor unbalanced endemic fossil assemblages, which would support both long isolation and sweepstake immigrat ...
... hypotheses until that information is revealed. The literature offers emblematic examples. Crete and Madagascar are often considered to have been isolated for millions of years. In fact, they harbor unbalanced endemic fossil assemblages, which would support both long isolation and sweepstake immigrat ...
Q1. (a) Explain the meaning of these ecological terms. Population
... Two similar species of birds (species A and species B) feed on slightly different sized insects and have slightly different temperature preferences. The diagram represents the response of each species to these factors. ...
... Two similar species of birds (species A and species B) feed on slightly different sized insects and have slightly different temperature preferences. The diagram represents the response of each species to these factors. ...
Terrestrial Paleoecology - Florida Institute of Technology
... Institute for Research on Global Climate Change ...
... Institute for Research on Global Climate Change ...
The functional response in three species of herbivorous Anatidae
... (Spalinger, Hanley & Robbins 1988) and larger herbivores obtain larger bites from their larger mouths (Gordon, Illius & Milne 1996), when the availability of food is not limiting, larger herbivores are able to ingest more plant biomass per unit time than are smaller animals. Functional responses are ...
... (Spalinger, Hanley & Robbins 1988) and larger herbivores obtain larger bites from their larger mouths (Gordon, Illius & Milne 1996), when the availability of food is not limiting, larger herbivores are able to ingest more plant biomass per unit time than are smaller animals. Functional responses are ...
Vertebrates
... the life cycle of some chordates or be displaced during embryological development as in most vertebrates by the vertebral column that forms around the nerve cord. 3. Pharyngeal slits connect the pharynx, a muscular tube that links the mouth cavity and the esophagus, with the outside. In terrestrial ...
... the life cycle of some chordates or be displaced during embryological development as in most vertebrates by the vertebral column that forms around the nerve cord. 3. Pharyngeal slits connect the pharynx, a muscular tube that links the mouth cavity and the esophagus, with the outside. In terrestrial ...
Comparison of terrestrial large-mammal communities in Suriname v2
... carnivores in the area. Most carnivores prey on smaller animals of course, but several jaguars and one puma were also observed in the area. These larger cats preferably prey on agoutis, pacas and deer (Janson & Emmons, 1990). Their survival is possible because of the low population pressure from the ...
... carnivores in the area. Most carnivores prey on smaller animals of course, but several jaguars and one puma were also observed in the area. These larger cats preferably prey on agoutis, pacas and deer (Janson & Emmons, 1990). Their survival is possible because of the low population pressure from the ...
Taxonomy and Primates
... • Future DNA sequencing may help sort it out, but maybe not, as genes may or may not address issues of human views on essentialism (c.f., Bloom’s book of recent) • New primate species are found every few years or so, in swampy areas that primatologists have to slough through…this work is not easy ...
... • Future DNA sequencing may help sort it out, but maybe not, as genes may or may not address issues of human views on essentialism (c.f., Bloom’s book of recent) • New primate species are found every few years or so, in swampy areas that primatologists have to slough through…this work is not easy ...
Herbivory in arid and semi-arid regions of Argentina
... the diversity of groups composing the large herbivore category during the Pleistocene. At that time present-day herbivores may have co-existed with several other species of Glyptodontidae, Megatheriidae, Mylodontidae, Machrauchenidae, Toxodontidae, Gomphoteridae, and Equiidae, including grazers, bro ...
... the diversity of groups composing the large herbivore category during the Pleistocene. At that time present-day herbivores may have co-existed with several other species of Glyptodontidae, Megatheriidae, Mylodontidae, Machrauchenidae, Toxodontidae, Gomphoteridae, and Equiidae, including grazers, bro ...
Life History - practical ecology
... offspring, low reproduction rates • Large mammals, reptiles such as tortoises and crocodiles, and longlived plants such as oak and maple trees ...
... offspring, low reproduction rates • Large mammals, reptiles such as tortoises and crocodiles, and longlived plants such as oak and maple trees ...
The Adaptive Significance of Coloration in Mammals
... colored fur are used for intraspecific signaling. Sexual selection is associated with flamboyant ornamentation in a minority of primates and other restricted mammalian taxa, but to a far lesser extent than in birds. Interspecific signaling among mammals includes aposematic coloration, exaggeration o ...
... colored fur are used for intraspecific signaling. Sexual selection is associated with flamboyant ornamentation in a minority of primates and other restricted mammalian taxa, but to a far lesser extent than in birds. Interspecific signaling among mammals includes aposematic coloration, exaggeration o ...
relation between filtering rate, temperature, and body size in four
... A comparison of filtering rates of the four species, expressed on the basis of body weight using species-specific equations for the conversion of length to weight (Table 2), reveals two distinct types of response to tcmpcratures above 15C. Filtering rates of adult D. schedleri and D. pulex at 20C we ...
... A comparison of filtering rates of the four species, expressed on the basis of body weight using species-specific equations for the conversion of length to weight (Table 2), reveals two distinct types of response to tcmpcratures above 15C. Filtering rates of adult D. schedleri and D. pulex at 20C we ...
The interplay of physical and biotic factors in
... Large-scale evolutionary patterns are shaped by the interplay of physical and biotic processes. We have a new appreciation of the role of physical constraints and perturbations in evolution, and the challenge is to evaluate the roles of physical, intrinsic biotic and extrinsic biotic factors in spec ...
... Large-scale evolutionary patterns are shaped by the interplay of physical and biotic processes. We have a new appreciation of the role of physical constraints and perturbations in evolution, and the challenge is to evaluate the roles of physical, intrinsic biotic and extrinsic biotic factors in spec ...
BL / ENVS 403
... evolve to develop mechanisms designed to minimize predation. However, if predators are more effective at capturing prey than prey species are at avoiding predation, then the population of prey species will be affected. Conversely, for some species, too little predation can also affect population num ...
... evolve to develop mechanisms designed to minimize predation. However, if predators are more effective at capturing prey than prey species are at avoiding predation, then the population of prey species will be affected. Conversely, for some species, too little predation can also affect population num ...
Collapse of the world`s largest herbivores
... and are based on the ecoregions where each species is native and currently present. that have been most studied are primarily game species in wealthy countries, includcontaining at least five threatened large herbivore species (table S2). ing red deer (Cervus elephus), reindeer (Rangifer tarandus), ...
... and are based on the ecoregions where each species is native and currently present. that have been most studied are primarily game species in wealthy countries, includcontaining at least five threatened large herbivore species (table S2). ing red deer (Cervus elephus), reindeer (Rangifer tarandus), ...
Chapter 5 Overview of Living Primates
... Small nocturnal primates found on the islands of southeast Asia. Eat insects and small vertebrates which they catch by leaping from branches. Basic social pattern appears to be a family unit consisting of a mated pair and their offspring. ...
... Small nocturnal primates found on the islands of southeast Asia. Eat insects and small vertebrates which they catch by leaping from branches. Basic social pattern appears to be a family unit consisting of a mated pair and their offspring. ...
Unit 9 Chapter 32 Mammals
... For millions of years, various mammal-like reptiles lived alongside other reptile groups. ...
... For millions of years, various mammal-like reptiles lived alongside other reptile groups. ...
- Wiley Online Library
... 2006). ‘Pleistocene rewilding’ markedly extends the concept of translocations by regarding taxa that have been regionally extinct for millennia as indigenous, and by a willingness to introduce ecological replacements for such extirpated forms where necessary. Given the conservation issues triggered ...
... 2006). ‘Pleistocene rewilding’ markedly extends the concept of translocations by regarding taxa that have been regionally extinct for millennia as indigenous, and by a willingness to introduce ecological replacements for such extirpated forms where necessary. Given the conservation issues triggered ...
Megafauna
In terrestrial zoology, megafauna (Ancient Greek megas ""large"" + New Latin fauna ""animal"") are large or giant animals. The most common thresholds used are 45 kilograms (100 lb) or 100 kilograms (220 lb). This thus includes many species not popularly thought of as overly large, such as white-tailed deer, red kangaroo, and humans.In practice, the most common usage encountered in academic and popular writing describes land animals roughly larger than a human that are not (solely) domesticated. The term is especially associated with the Pleistocene megafauna – the land animals often larger than modern counterparts considered archetypical of the last ice age, such as mammoths, the majority of which in northern Eurasia, the Americas and Australia became extinct as recently as 10,000–40,000 years ago. It is also commonly used for the largest extant wild land animals, especially elephants, giraffes, hippopotamuses, rhinoceroses, and large bovines. Megafauna may be subcategorized by their trophic position into megaherbivores (e.g., elk), megacarnivores (e.g., lions), and, more rarely, megaomnivores (e.g., bears).Other common uses are for giant aquatic species, especially whales, any larger wild or domesticated land animals such as larger antelope and cattle, as well as numerous dinosaurs and other extinct giant reptilians.The term is also sometimes applied to animals (usually extinct) of great size relative to a more common or surviving type of the animal, for example the 1 m (3 ft) dragonflies of the Carboniferous period.