An Estimated Weight of the Largest Known Bird
... bones which must support an animal’s weight, such as the femur or the centra of the vertebrae, tends to be proportional to its weight (for references see Amadon, 19433). In figure 2 7 the cross-sectionarea of the femur is such a measurement; its cube root (the logarithm divided by 3) was used to mak ...
... bones which must support an animal’s weight, such as the femur or the centra of the vertebrae, tends to be proportional to its weight (for references see Amadon, 19433). In figure 2 7 the cross-sectionarea of the femur is such a measurement; its cube root (the logarithm divided by 3) was used to mak ...
Cohort life tables
... and leads to a higher growth rate – a positive densitydependence – but only in the increase from very small population size that causes high inbreeding. Then negative density-dependence takes over again. This happened in Florida panthers and may be happening in the African cheetah. Evidence? ...
... and leads to a higher growth rate – a positive densitydependence – but only in the increase from very small population size that causes high inbreeding. Then negative density-dependence takes over again. This happened in Florida panthers and may be happening in the African cheetah. Evidence? ...
Chapter 11
... Plants have poorer dispersal ability than animals. Specialization is good as long as conditions do not change. ...
... Plants have poorer dispersal ability than animals. Specialization is good as long as conditions do not change. ...
where have all the animals gone?
... that eats the plant-eating animal is called a secondary consumer. The energy produced by the plant through its food-making process is transferred to the plant-eating animal and eventually to the meat-eating animal. This is an energy pyramid, with the producers at the base, primary consumers higher ...
... that eats the plant-eating animal is called a secondary consumer. The energy produced by the plant through its food-making process is transferred to the plant-eating animal and eventually to the meat-eating animal. This is an energy pyramid, with the producers at the base, primary consumers higher ...
Mammals - Meade USD 226
... keen senses of smell, vision, and hearing, which have enabled them to become successful hunters. Their long canine teeth are specialized for capturing prey and tearing flesh. Some members of this order are no longer carnivorous. Raccoons and bears are omnivores. Pandas are herbivores. ...
... keen senses of smell, vision, and hearing, which have enabled them to become successful hunters. Their long canine teeth are specialized for capturing prey and tearing flesh. Some members of this order are no longer carnivorous. Raccoons and bears are omnivores. Pandas are herbivores. ...
Class Notes
... body, such as growth and development, reproduction, metabolic processes, and digestion. o The nervous system is well suited for directing immediate and rapid responses to the environment, especially in controlling fast locomotion and behavior. ...
... body, such as growth and development, reproduction, metabolic processes, and digestion. o The nervous system is well suited for directing immediate and rapid responses to the environment, especially in controlling fast locomotion and behavior. ...
Ch. 40
... body, such as growth and development, reproduction, metabolic processes, and digestion. o The nervous system is well suited for directing immediate and rapid responses to the environment, especially in controlling fast locomotion and behavior. ...
... body, such as growth and development, reproduction, metabolic processes, and digestion. o The nervous system is well suited for directing immediate and rapid responses to the environment, especially in controlling fast locomotion and behavior. ...
Rewilding Europe with large herbivores: insights from Africa
... Year-round, instead of seasonal, hunting More ‘ambush-style’ forms of hunting Hunting during the growing season Use of dogs Hunting calves/juveniles and females ...
... Year-round, instead of seasonal, hunting More ‘ambush-style’ forms of hunting Hunting during the growing season Use of dogs Hunting calves/juveniles and females ...
Chin_Current Threats
... Overfishing can also cause an imbalance in an aquatic ecosystem by removing one of the links in the food chain. This in turn can result in the decline or displacement of marine mammals which depended on the harvested fish as a food source. ...
... Overfishing can also cause an imbalance in an aquatic ecosystem by removing one of the links in the food chain. This in turn can result in the decline or displacement of marine mammals which depended on the harvested fish as a food source. ...
CHAPTER 40
... Physical laws also constrain the maximum size of animals. As body dimensions increase, a thicker skeleton is required to maintain adequate support. In addition, as bodies increase in size, the muscles required for locomotion represent an increasing fraction of the total body mass. At a certain size, ...
... Physical laws also constrain the maximum size of animals. As body dimensions increase, a thicker skeleton is required to maintain adequate support. In addition, as bodies increase in size, the muscles required for locomotion represent an increasing fraction of the total body mass. At a certain size, ...
File
... For example, during childbirth, the pressure of the baby’s head against receptors near the opening of the mother’s uterus stimulates uterine contractions. These contractions cause greater pressure against the uterine opening, heightening the contractions, which cause still greater pressure. Positive ...
... For example, during childbirth, the pressure of the baby’s head against receptors near the opening of the mother’s uterus stimulates uterine contractions. These contractions cause greater pressure against the uterine opening, heightening the contractions, which cause still greater pressure. Positive ...
Primary Succession - Summit School District
... one plant species establishes and is then out competed by another until the area reaches the climax community that can not be out competed. • Primary Succession starts from bare rock that becomes exposed due to glaciers, geologic uplift, and volcanoes. • Soil must be established first before plants ...
... one plant species establishes and is then out competed by another until the area reaches the climax community that can not be out competed. • Primary Succession starts from bare rock that becomes exposed due to glaciers, geologic uplift, and volcanoes. • Soil must be established first before plants ...
Pleistocene megafaunal interaction networks
... large mammalian predators, all carnivorans, and prey, mostly ungulates. It is reasonable to assume that this smaller set of species obey similar rules regarding how body size relationships map into interaction patterns. To generate Pleistocene predator – prey networks representing each site, we firs ...
... large mammalian predators, all carnivorans, and prey, mostly ungulates. It is reasonable to assume that this smaller set of species obey similar rules regarding how body size relationships map into interaction patterns. To generate Pleistocene predator – prey networks representing each site, we firs ...
Ch54_Lecture Populations wiki
... was established to guide recovery of whale populations. Member countries voted to ban all commercial whaling, but some members now lobby to restore harvest of nonendangered species. ...
... was established to guide recovery of whale populations. Member countries voted to ban all commercial whaling, but some members now lobby to restore harvest of nonendangered species. ...
ADAPTATIONS - Petal School District
... 2. A snake can kill and eat a frog because its body chemistry can produce poison. The production of poison is a functional adaptation because it helps the snake obtain food and therefore survive. 3. Photosynthesis is a functional adaptation because it is the chemical means by which the plant produce ...
... 2. A snake can kill and eat a frog because its body chemistry can produce poison. The production of poison is a functional adaptation because it helps the snake obtain food and therefore survive. 3. Photosynthesis is a functional adaptation because it is the chemical means by which the plant produce ...
Neotropical Anachronisms: The Fruits the Gomphotheres Ate
... and through the digestive tract when eaten by introduced large mammals such as horses, cows, and pigs. Seed scarification in the animal digestive tract sometimes occurs during dispersal. and some scarified seeds are digested. 4) If the seeds are soft or weak, they are very small (as in figs) or imbe ...
... and through the digestive tract when eaten by introduced large mammals such as horses, cows, and pigs. Seed scarification in the animal digestive tract sometimes occurs during dispersal. and some scarified seeds are digested. 4) If the seeds are soft or weak, they are very small (as in figs) or imbe ...
Synergies among extinction drivers under global change
... severity of regional threatening processes and local stochasticity) [2,3] within a framework of self-reinforcing feedbacks [11,19] for predicting extinction risk. For instance, species that are most vulnerable to habitat loss can be different, ecologically and evolutionarily, from those that suffer ...
... severity of regional threatening processes and local stochasticity) [2,3] within a framework of self-reinforcing feedbacks [11,19] for predicting extinction risk. For instance, species that are most vulnerable to habitat loss can be different, ecologically and evolutionarily, from those that suffer ...
Examining predator–prey body size, trophic level and body mass
... then the relationship should remain the same with the addition of marine species. (iii) The trophic-level –bodymass relationship would be quadratic (i.e. hump shaped) because the addition of the marine species complicates the relationship. The positive relationship between trophic level and body mas ...
... then the relationship should remain the same with the addition of marine species. (iii) The trophic-level –bodymass relationship would be quadratic (i.e. hump shaped) because the addition of the marine species complicates the relationship. The positive relationship between trophic level and body mas ...
Marine Science - Mathematics and Statistics
... Here, models of dynamic size spectra are used to evaluate the effects of balanced and other patterns of exploitation on marine ecosystems (for background on size-spectra dynamics, see Benoı̂t and Rochet, 2004; Andersen and Beyer, 2006; Blanchard et al., 2009; Datta et al., 2010). The paper develops ...
... Here, models of dynamic size spectra are used to evaluate the effects of balanced and other patterns of exploitation on marine ecosystems (for background on size-spectra dynamics, see Benoı̂t and Rochet, 2004; Andersen and Beyer, 2006; Blanchard et al., 2009; Datta et al., 2010). The paper develops ...
AP Environmental Science Scoring Guidelines, 2016
... (b) Dr. Serach suggests that even if the impact of WNS on little brown bat populations can be reduced and the extinction of the species avoided, the bat populations are likely to remain alarmingly small. (i) Describe TWO threats (other than WNS) to the survival of the bat species if the total number ...
... (b) Dr. Serach suggests that even if the impact of WNS on little brown bat populations can be reduced and the extinction of the species avoided, the bat populations are likely to remain alarmingly small. (i) Describe TWO threats (other than WNS) to the survival of the bat species if the total number ...
Marine Mammals
... • Dolphins are being substituted for whales by some countries. Not protected by IWC • 28 species are in immediate danger of extinction • Vaquitas – small, shovel-nosed porpoise of Gulf of California – only 200 to 500 left. • Depleting fish and squid on which dolphins feed. • Peru – dolphin meat chea ...
... • Dolphins are being substituted for whales by some countries. Not protected by IWC • 28 species are in immediate danger of extinction • Vaquitas – small, shovel-nosed porpoise of Gulf of California – only 200 to 500 left. • Depleting fish and squid on which dolphins feed. • Peru – dolphin meat chea ...
Chapter 40 Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function Lecture
... Acclimatization, which is a temporary change during an animal’s lifetime, is different from adaptation, a process of change brought about by natural selection acting over many generations. ...
... Acclimatization, which is a temporary change during an animal’s lifetime, is different from adaptation, a process of change brought about by natural selection acting over many generations. ...
Life in the Aftermath of Mass Extinctions
... Dubbed the ‘Big Five’, these events are by far the best studied mass extinctions — with most of the attention devoted to the Permian-Triassic and Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinctions [18]. Of the Big Five, the Late Devonian is probably not a mass extinction at all, but rather a mass depletion of bi ...
... Dubbed the ‘Big Five’, these events are by far the best studied mass extinctions — with most of the attention devoted to the Permian-Triassic and Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinctions [18]. Of the Big Five, the Late Devonian is probably not a mass extinction at all, but rather a mass depletion of bi ...
Population Biology
... r-selected or Malthusian: Opportunistic species in highly variable environments High growth rates—take advantage of infrequent favorable conditions Reproduction is rapid, with little care of offspring r-selected High growth rates—take advantage of infrequent favorable conditions Pressures are densit ...
... r-selected or Malthusian: Opportunistic species in highly variable environments High growth rates—take advantage of infrequent favorable conditions Reproduction is rapid, with little care of offspring r-selected High growth rates—take advantage of infrequent favorable conditions Pressures are densit ...
Megafauna
In terrestrial zoology, megafauna (Ancient Greek megas ""large"" + New Latin fauna ""animal"") are large or giant animals. The most common thresholds used are 45 kilograms (100 lb) or 100 kilograms (220 lb). This thus includes many species not popularly thought of as overly large, such as white-tailed deer, red kangaroo, and humans.In practice, the most common usage encountered in academic and popular writing describes land animals roughly larger than a human that are not (solely) domesticated. The term is especially associated with the Pleistocene megafauna – the land animals often larger than modern counterparts considered archetypical of the last ice age, such as mammoths, the majority of which in northern Eurasia, the Americas and Australia became extinct as recently as 10,000–40,000 years ago. It is also commonly used for the largest extant wild land animals, especially elephants, giraffes, hippopotamuses, rhinoceroses, and large bovines. Megafauna may be subcategorized by their trophic position into megaherbivores (e.g., elk), megacarnivores (e.g., lions), and, more rarely, megaomnivores (e.g., bears).Other common uses are for giant aquatic species, especially whales, any larger wild or domesticated land animals such as larger antelope and cattle, as well as numerous dinosaurs and other extinct giant reptilians.The term is also sometimes applied to animals (usually extinct) of great size relative to a more common or surviving type of the animal, for example the 1 m (3 ft) dragonflies of the Carboniferous period.