2 Eras of the Geologic Time Scale
... years ago, until about 542 million years ago. Life on Earth began during this time. Scientists think that the early Earth was very different than the Earth today. On the early Earth, the atmosphere contained very little oxygen. It was made mostly of carbon dioxide, water vapor, and nitrogen gas. In ...
... years ago, until about 542 million years ago. Life on Earth began during this time. Scientists think that the early Earth was very different than the Earth today. On the early Earth, the atmosphere contained very little oxygen. It was made mostly of carbon dioxide, water vapor, and nitrogen gas. In ...
Eccentric Endemics
... forebears of today’s mammals made the crossing, why have others not done so subsequently? To answer this, we need to consider possible reasons that may have made the pioneer mammals better mariners in terms of their ability to survive a long sea crossing than mainland species that came along later i ...
... forebears of today’s mammals made the crossing, why have others not done so subsequently? To answer this, we need to consider possible reasons that may have made the pioneer mammals better mariners in terms of their ability to survive a long sea crossing than mainland species that came along later i ...
Life histories cont. – size/number
... Between outbreak years their populations tend to decline in size. During outbreak years both types of species produce clutches that are at least one egg larger on average, i.e. with peak and average of about 6 eggs. This is the effect of feeding opportunistically on the outbreak. It is also the me ...
... Between outbreak years their populations tend to decline in size. During outbreak years both types of species produce clutches that are at least one egg larger on average, i.e. with peak and average of about 6 eggs. This is the effect of feeding opportunistically on the outbreak. It is also the me ...
Geographic Range
... born in a relatively underdeveloped state, young of this type tend to reach maturity relatively quickly, soon producing many altricial young of their own. Mortality in these species tends to be high and average lifespans are generally short. Many species that exemplify this type of life history stra ...
... born in a relatively underdeveloped state, young of this type tend to reach maturity relatively quickly, soon producing many altricial young of their own. Mortality in these species tends to be high and average lifespans are generally short. Many species that exemplify this type of life history stra ...
Climate and Mammals - Stanford University
... and stressful thermal conditions (e.g., Natori & Porter 2007); or co-occurring individuals may, in response to seasonal influences, change the timing of key life history events, such as mating, migration, or emergence from hibernation (Réale et al. 2003). Over yet longer time periods, population siz ...
... and stressful thermal conditions (e.g., Natori & Porter 2007); or co-occurring individuals may, in response to seasonal influences, change the timing of key life history events, such as mating, migration, or emergence from hibernation (Réale et al. 2003). Over yet longer time periods, population siz ...
Fish Pop. Biol.
... (Fisheries) Stock = individuals of one species that share common production characteristics and support the same basic fisheries. Year Class (Cohort) = All the individuals in a population born/hatched in a single “year” Year Class Strength = the number of individuals in a year class ...
... (Fisheries) Stock = individuals of one species that share common production characteristics and support the same basic fisheries. Year Class (Cohort) = All the individuals in a population born/hatched in a single “year” Year Class Strength = the number of individuals in a year class ...
Of all the species that have lived on the Earth since life first
... in which the statistics from the simulations are less good, and also in theory to extract exact results for certain quantities appearing in the model, such as the exponent α defined in Equation 1 that will be shown later in this paper. The distribution of fitnesses shows essentially the behavior I w ...
... in which the statistics from the simulations are less good, and also in theory to extract exact results for certain quantities appearing in the model, such as the exponent α defined in Equation 1 that will be shown later in this paper. The distribution of fitnesses shows essentially the behavior I w ...
• Life History of Aquatic Organisms
... • (Fisheries) Stock = individuals of one species that share common production characteristics and support the same basic fisheries. • Year Class (Cohort) = All the individuals in a population born/hatched in a single “year” • Year Class Strength = the number of individuals in a year class ...
... • (Fisheries) Stock = individuals of one species that share common production characteristics and support the same basic fisheries. • Year Class (Cohort) = All the individuals in a population born/hatched in a single “year” • Year Class Strength = the number of individuals in a year class ...
Geology – How to do it...No. 4 Fossils
... with long spines live on the sediment surface and are grazers; streamlined and heart-shaped urchins with small or no spines are burrowing animals and ingest sediment to extract organic matter. Marine. Belemnites Belemnites were present during the Jurassic to Cretaceous periods between 200 and 65 mil ...
... with long spines live on the sediment surface and are grazers; streamlined and heart-shaped urchins with small or no spines are burrowing animals and ingest sediment to extract organic matter. Marine. Belemnites Belemnites were present during the Jurassic to Cretaceous periods between 200 and 65 mil ...
How body size mediates the role of animals in nutrient cycling in
... In this paper we consider only direct effects of animals on nutrient cycling, because predicting indirect effects in food webs contains much more uncertainty (Wootton, 1994). A point mentioned by Vanni (2002), that we expand on here, is the role of body size in controlling the degree to which animal ...
... In this paper we consider only direct effects of animals on nutrient cycling, because predicting indirect effects in food webs contains much more uncertainty (Wootton, 1994). A point mentioned by Vanni (2002), that we expand on here, is the role of body size in controlling the degree to which animal ...
chapter 32
... 2. A rise of atmospheric oxygen preceded the Cambrian explosion. More oxygen may have provided opportunities for animals with higher metabolic rates and larger body sizes. 3. The evolution of the Hox complex provided the developmental flexibility that resulted in variations in morphology. These ...
... 2. A rise of atmospheric oxygen preceded the Cambrian explosion. More oxygen may have provided opportunities for animals with higher metabolic rates and larger body sizes. 3. The evolution of the Hox complex provided the developmental flexibility that resulted in variations in morphology. These ...
Table S2 - Biodiversity Journal Club
... tolerance drives differences in range size between lentic and lotic water beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). Journal of Biogeography, 39, 984-994. Brändle M., Stadler J., Klotz S. & Brandl R. (2003). Distributional range size of weedy plant species is correlated to germination patterns. Ecology, 8 ...
... tolerance drives differences in range size between lentic and lotic water beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). Journal of Biogeography, 39, 984-994. Brändle M., Stadler J., Klotz S. & Brandl R. (2003). Distributional range size of weedy plant species is correlated to germination patterns. Ecology, 8 ...
This crab is one of 67,000 species of crustaceans, a group of
... have been identified by scientists and there are estimated to be many millions that have not yet been identified. Scientists estimate there may be a staggering 30 million species of arthropods alive today, the vast majority of which are insects. Arthropods evolved more than 500 million years ago and ...
... have been identified by scientists and there are estimated to be many millions that have not yet been identified. Scientists estimate there may be a staggering 30 million species of arthropods alive today, the vast majority of which are insects. Arthropods evolved more than 500 million years ago and ...
Chapter 32 An Introduction to Animal Diversity
... A rise of atmospheric oxygen preceded the Cambrian explosion. More oxygen may have provided opportunities for animals with higher metabolic rates and larger body sizes. 3. The evolution of the Hox complex provided the developmental flexibility that resulted in variations in morphology. ° These hypot ...
... A rise of atmospheric oxygen preceded the Cambrian explosion. More oxygen may have provided opportunities for animals with higher metabolic rates and larger body sizes. 3. The evolution of the Hox complex provided the developmental flexibility that resulted in variations in morphology. ° These hypot ...
Chapter 32 – An Introduction to Animal Diversity
... Animals underwent considerable diversification between 542–525 million years ago, during the Cambrian period of the Paleozoic Era. ...
... Animals underwent considerable diversification between 542–525 million years ago, during the Cambrian period of the Paleozoic Era. ...
Zooplankton body composition - Association for the Sciences of
... non-gelatinous body plan, and with relatively few organisms with an intermediate body composition. This finding confirms and substantiates earlier observations (Vinogradov 1953). The frequency distributions, of course, reflect the number of species examined in each group, but that, in turn, reflects ...
... non-gelatinous body plan, and with relatively few organisms with an intermediate body composition. This finding confirms and substantiates earlier observations (Vinogradov 1953). The frequency distributions, of course, reflect the number of species examined in each group, but that, in turn, reflects ...
Enquiry 4 Almost Armageddon!
... out 96% of all living things. In its 4.6 billion year history, the earth has never come as close to extinction. Remarkably, 4% of living things survived and formed the gene pool from which human beings evolved. Through investigating the English Riviera Global Geopark, the pupils are able to gain an ...
... out 96% of all living things. In its 4.6 billion year history, the earth has never come as close to extinction. Remarkably, 4% of living things survived and formed the gene pool from which human beings evolved. Through investigating the English Riviera Global Geopark, the pupils are able to gain an ...
17-1 The Fossil Record - Mrs. Wahe`s Life Science Class
... Coevolution Punctuated Equilibrium Developmental Gene Changes ...
... Coevolution Punctuated Equilibrium Developmental Gene Changes ...
POPULATION DYNAMICS
... by the population size (Hastings, 9). Therefore, the rate of births and deaths is proportional to the number of individuals in the population. A constant r will now be introduced which is the instantaneous rate of increase or intrinsic rate of increase ...
... by the population size (Hastings, 9). Therefore, the rate of births and deaths is proportional to the number of individuals in the population. A constant r will now be introduced which is the instantaneous rate of increase or intrinsic rate of increase ...
Maximum Life Span www.AssignmentPoint.com Maximum Life Span
... of aging) is that among species with differing maximum life spans, the capacity to repair DNA damage should correlate with lifespan. The first experimental test of this idea was by Hart and Setlow who measured the capacity of cells from seven different mammalian species to carry out DNA repair. They ...
... of aging) is that among species with differing maximum life spans, the capacity to repair DNA damage should correlate with lifespan. The first experimental test of this idea was by Hart and Setlow who measured the capacity of cells from seven different mammalian species to carry out DNA repair. They ...
Ungulates and Subungulates - Southeast Missouri State
... • Elephants are inefficient herbivores, and require large home ranges. They are usually found in groups. Thus, as they move long distances each day, they are capable of significant habitat modification. • Consider what it means to be so large. How is it possible that 50% of what passes through the g ...
... • Elephants are inefficient herbivores, and require large home ranges. They are usually found in groups. Thus, as they move long distances each day, they are capable of significant habitat modification. • Consider what it means to be so large. How is it possible that 50% of what passes through the g ...
The Geography of South Africa
... Size Comparison: slightly more than half the size of Alaska Terrain: mostly high plateau; Namib Desert along coast; Kalahari Desert in east Climate: desert; hot, dry; rainfall sparse and erratic Namibia is the most sparsely population country in the world with only 2 people per square mile. Namibia ...
... Size Comparison: slightly more than half the size of Alaska Terrain: mostly high plateau; Namib Desert along coast; Kalahari Desert in east Climate: desert; hot, dry; rainfall sparse and erratic Namibia is the most sparsely population country in the world with only 2 people per square mile. Namibia ...
LECTURES FOR ZOO 1010—CHAPTER 1
... Living on land presents many physiological and structural challenges. Aquatic environments differ from those on land in terms of oxygen content, density, temperature regulation, and habitat diversity. Despite its hazards, however, land offers a great variety of habitats and provision of safe shelter ...
... Living on land presents many physiological and structural challenges. Aquatic environments differ from those on land in terms of oxygen content, density, temperature regulation, and habitat diversity. Despite its hazards, however, land offers a great variety of habitats and provision of safe shelter ...
Institutional design
... non renewable resources : not destroyed by cautious use. • in the long run, their relative scarcity (/ private goods) increases. ...
... non renewable resources : not destroyed by cautious use. • in the long run, their relative scarcity (/ private goods) increases. ...
Chapter 3 Geology, paleontology and diversification of life
... Timeline of life on Earth • Earliest fossils of Domain Archaea ~ 3.5 bya. These are the Archaebacteria and are extremophiles living today in e.g. hot springs, salt lakes and other challenging environments. • Earliest fossils of Domain Bacteria ~ 3.45 bya. The true bacteria. Ubiquitous on Earth. The ...
... Timeline of life on Earth • Earliest fossils of Domain Archaea ~ 3.5 bya. These are the Archaebacteria and are extremophiles living today in e.g. hot springs, salt lakes and other challenging environments. • Earliest fossils of Domain Bacteria ~ 3.45 bya. The true bacteria. Ubiquitous on Earth. The ...
Megafauna
In terrestrial zoology, megafauna (Ancient Greek megas ""large"" + New Latin fauna ""animal"") are large or giant animals. The most common thresholds used are 45 kilograms (100 lb) or 100 kilograms (220 lb). This thus includes many species not popularly thought of as overly large, such as white-tailed deer, red kangaroo, and humans.In practice, the most common usage encountered in academic and popular writing describes land animals roughly larger than a human that are not (solely) domesticated. The term is especially associated with the Pleistocene megafauna – the land animals often larger than modern counterparts considered archetypical of the last ice age, such as mammoths, the majority of which in northern Eurasia, the Americas and Australia became extinct as recently as 10,000–40,000 years ago. It is also commonly used for the largest extant wild land animals, especially elephants, giraffes, hippopotamuses, rhinoceroses, and large bovines. Megafauna may be subcategorized by their trophic position into megaherbivores (e.g., elk), megacarnivores (e.g., lions), and, more rarely, megaomnivores (e.g., bears).Other common uses are for giant aquatic species, especially whales, any larger wild or domesticated land animals such as larger antelope and cattle, as well as numerous dinosaurs and other extinct giant reptilians.The term is also sometimes applied to animals (usually extinct) of great size relative to a more common or surviving type of the animal, for example the 1 m (3 ft) dragonflies of the Carboniferous period.