K346670
... main constraint. The decision variables chosen to achieve the above objective were the generator bus voltages, reactive power generation by capacitor banks and transformer tap settings, more over this algorithm provides a new dimension in solving such kind of multi variable problem such that the obt ...
... main constraint. The decision variables chosen to achieve the above objective were the generator bus voltages, reactive power generation by capacitor banks and transformer tap settings, more over this algorithm provides a new dimension in solving such kind of multi variable problem such that the obt ...
BULD742C
... In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in ECOPACK® packages. These packages have a Lead-free second level interconnect. The category of second level interconnect is marked on the package and on the inner box label, in compliance with JEDEC Standard JESD97. The maximum r ...
... In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in ECOPACK® packages. These packages have a Lead-free second level interconnect. The category of second level interconnect is marked on the package and on the inner box label, in compliance with JEDEC Standard JESD97. The maximum r ...
Basic wiring configuration for branch circuits in homes and
... going from the appliance through a grounded person!) and the device will quickly turn off the outlet. GFCI outlets usually have a reset switch and a test switch on the faceplate. If the GFCI trips, don't just reset it, but check out what might be triggering the imbalanced current. Sometimes electric ...
... going from the appliance through a grounded person!) and the device will quickly turn off the outlet. GFCI outlets usually have a reset switch and a test switch on the faceplate. If the GFCI trips, don't just reset it, but check out what might be triggering the imbalanced current. Sometimes electric ...
Chapter 14 - University of St Andrews
... given voltage will depend upon the type of transmission line. However, so far as the source is concerned, the power transmitted into the cable is ‘lost’ just as if the cable were a resistor. The value of the resistor which would require the same voltage/current ratio is said to be the characteristic ...
... given voltage will depend upon the type of transmission line. However, so far as the source is concerned, the power transmitted into the cable is ‘lost’ just as if the cable were a resistor. The value of the resistor which would require the same voltage/current ratio is said to be the characteristic ...
The Benefits of Low-Voltage DC Power Distribution for LED Lighting
... Dimming quality influences the quality of the entire lighting system. Many available dimming solutions have either a noticeable flicker during changes in light intensity or a limited dimming range of 10% to 100% where light output drops abruptly from 10% to 0. In addition the proportional energy sav ...
... Dimming quality influences the quality of the entire lighting system. Many available dimming solutions have either a noticeable flicker during changes in light intensity or a limited dimming range of 10% to 100% where light output drops abruptly from 10% to 0. In addition the proportional energy sav ...
Manual
... microprocessor. Features include: frequency, period and equal-precision measuring. Also, 3step function selection, work state, unit and eight-digit LED display. All function depend on a single CPU. A crystal controlled temperature circuit provides constant compensation for temperature change thereby ...
... microprocessor. Features include: frequency, period and equal-precision measuring. Also, 3step function selection, work state, unit and eight-digit LED display. All function depend on a single CPU. A crystal controlled temperature circuit provides constant compensation for temperature change thereby ...
LM567 - tone decoder
... saturates; its collector voltage being less than 1.0 volt (typically 0.6V) at full output current (100mA). The voltage at Pin 2 is the phase detector output which is a linear function of frequency over the range of 0.95 to 1.05 fO with a slope of about 20mV per percent of frequency deviation. The av ...
... saturates; its collector voltage being less than 1.0 volt (typically 0.6V) at full output current (100mA). The voltage at Pin 2 is the phase detector output which is a linear function of frequency over the range of 0.95 to 1.05 fO with a slope of about 20mV per percent of frequency deviation. The av ...
MC1408−8 8−bit Multiplying D/A Converter
... The MC1408−8 consists of a reference current amplifier, an R−2R ladder, and 8 high−speed current switches. For many applications, only a reference resistor and reference voltage need be added. The switches are non−inverting in operation; therefore, a high state on the input turns on the specified ou ...
... The MC1408−8 consists of a reference current amplifier, an R−2R ladder, and 8 high−speed current switches. For many applications, only a reference resistor and reference voltage need be added. The switches are non−inverting in operation; therefore, a high state on the input turns on the specified ou ...
O A RIGINAL RTICLE
... Required components of source side voltage and load side current can be extracted by the moving average window Fourier transforms. It is known that for obtaining the satisfied response from Fourier ...
... Required components of source side voltage and load side current can be extracted by the moving average window Fourier transforms. It is known that for obtaining the satisfied response from Fourier ...
JK2315611567
... investigation on the process dynamics shows that due to provision of variable frequency drive systems for the important motors and other control measures, there is negligible impact on the heat transfer process. There is need for more detailed studies to be performed on the turbine control system, v ...
... investigation on the process dynamics shows that due to provision of variable frequency drive systems for the important motors and other control measures, there is negligible impact on the heat transfer process. There is need for more detailed studies to be performed on the turbine control system, v ...
LM 7805 VOLTAGE REGULATOR
... We use the experimental assembly in Fig. 6. The input voltage is applied from a regulated dc power supply or a signal generator. We measure the dc voltages with a digital multimeter, and we use the dual channel oscilloscope to visualize the voltages in the circuit. ...
... We use the experimental assembly in Fig. 6. The input voltage is applied from a regulated dc power supply or a signal generator. We measure the dc voltages with a digital multimeter, and we use the dual channel oscilloscope to visualize the voltages in the circuit. ...
Pulse width and laser power settings and operation
... of the laser and potentially larger variation of light amplitude between pulses. Particulars lasers have symmetrical pulses without any low intensity tail, which is often the case for many commercial lasers. The tails can spoil the measurements particularly for measurements where low level sensitivi ...
... of the laser and potentially larger variation of light amplitude between pulses. Particulars lasers have symmetrical pulses without any low intensity tail, which is often the case for many commercial lasers. The tails can spoil the measurements particularly for measurements where low level sensitivi ...
POINT OF LOAD CONVERTERS - The Topologies
... demo baord , which also had their highest efficiencies at 2.5 A. The efficiency appears to be dependent on current rather than power throughput, which may be due to the losses in the secondary-side Schottky diodes. With the 3.3-V converter, the efficiency does not always improve with a lower input v ...
... demo baord , which also had their highest efficiencies at 2.5 A. The efficiency appears to be dependent on current rather than power throughput, which may be due to the losses in the secondary-side Schottky diodes. With the 3.3-V converter, the efficiency does not always improve with a lower input v ...
Voltage/Current angle meter Type FPFM/1 Description and User
... The voltage connection is wired directly into the instrument using a flexible power lead, nominally a ‘live’ and ‘neutral’. If a phase to phase voltage is used (the normal case) the meter uses the convention that the ‘live’ leads the ‘neutral. For the current connection, a 10/0.01 clip-on CT is conn ...
... The voltage connection is wired directly into the instrument using a flexible power lead, nominally a ‘live’ and ‘neutral’. If a phase to phase voltage is used (the normal case) the meter uses the convention that the ‘live’ leads the ‘neutral. For the current connection, a 10/0.01 clip-on CT is conn ...
Document
... to approx. 95% lagging, voltage will be limited to 110% when motor disconnected. • Capacitors should be connected ahead of overload relays. If connected after the relays Overload section should be selected based on reduced current through the relays. • Do not connect capacitors to the winding of a m ...
... to approx. 95% lagging, voltage will be limited to 110% when motor disconnected. • Capacitors should be connected ahead of overload relays. If connected after the relays Overload section should be selected based on reduced current through the relays. • Do not connect capacitors to the winding of a m ...
Reduced Power Electronic Componets Using a New Cascade
... inverter is considered more than other kinds of inverters. Cascade inverters are made of series separate single phase inverters with separate dc voltage sources. On the other hand, this inverter consists of a number of basic blocks (sub multilevel inverter) that each of these blocks has similar cont ...
... inverter is considered more than other kinds of inverters. Cascade inverters are made of series separate single phase inverters with separate dc voltage sources. On the other hand, this inverter consists of a number of basic blocks (sub multilevel inverter) that each of these blocks has similar cont ...
DC-DC Power Converter Design for Application in Welding Power
... A comparison study between analog and digital controls for a PWM generator in a Buck converter application is presented in [2]. Given a known model of the plant, the authors derive 3 different PWM control methodologies: (1) tuned analog PID, (2) explicitly solved digital control, (3) sliding mode c ...
... A comparison study between analog and digital controls for a PWM generator in a Buck converter application is presented in [2]. Given a known model of the plant, the authors derive 3 different PWM control methodologies: (1) tuned analog PID, (2) explicitly solved digital control, (3) sliding mode c ...
Pulse-width modulation
Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.