• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
DPO3000 Series vs. Agilent DSO5000A Competitive Fact Sheet
DPO3000 Series vs. Agilent DSO5000A Competitive Fact Sheet

... PA4000 Power Analyzer vs. Hioki 3390 Competitive Fact Sheet Input System – Voltage & Current Tektronix PA4000 ...
Fig. 8-1: Simple point-to-point link
Fig. 8-1: Simple point-to-point link

... • The power penalty for an APD can be estimated from the SNR degradation (in dB) due to the signal amplitude decrease as, where x is the excess noise factor of the APD ...
Linear Regulator Fundamentals
Linear Regulator Fundamentals

... What is a Linear Voltage Regulator • A linear regulator operates by using a voltage-controlled current source to force a fixed voltage to appear at the regulator output terminal. The control circuitry continuously monitors (senses) the output voltage, and adjusts the current source (as required by ...
1416 - Curtis Instruments
1416 - Curtis Instruments

... output to power auxiliary vehicle circuits. ▶▶ Integrated 4-pin Molex connector allows reliable and simple connection to the converter, thereby minimizing installation and wiring costs. ▶▶ Safety features such as input reverse polarity protection, output over load protection, output short circuit pr ...
doc - Cornerstone Robotics
doc - Cornerstone Robotics

...  Astable Mode: Astable mode causes the 555 timer to operate as an oscillator. It can be used to send timed pulses for LEDs, tone generation, clocks, etc. See lesson on astable operation at: http://cornerstonerobotics.org/curriculum/lessons_year2/erii5_555_timer _astable_operation.pdf  Monostable M ...
BUL741
BUL741

Model SM81 User Guide
Model SM81 User Guide

... extremely large noise transients in the system. Avoid ground loops due to grounded connector shells or the microphone case touching other grounded metal objects. Follow generally accepted audio grounding practices. Paralleling or “Y-ing” the SM81 with another microphone (two microphones on the same ...
Inductive Load Arc Suppression
Inductive Load Arc Suppression

... no suppression is also an option if life is adequate without it. Which method to use is determined by trade-offs between cost, contact life, packaging, etc. Figure 1 - DC Circuit with Suppression Diode The MOV and TVS diode devices conduct current when a threshold voltage is exceeded. These devices ...
E-96
E-96

... b. Working with the original circuit (not the Thevenin equivalent) show that IN = 3 A. IN is the short circuit current through RL.. To find it we once again use KCL at A. Once again both current sources flow into A, but with RL = 0 we have At A: 5 + (100 – VA)/400 = VA/300 or 2100 – VA = (4/3)VA Sol ...
DS13 SSR for loads up to 2A @ 60Vdc Product Facts
DS13 SSR for loads up to 2A @ 60Vdc Product Facts

... 1.2 terminal input configuration is compatible with CMOS or open collector TTL (with pull-up resistor). For Vcc levels above 6Vdc, a series limiting resistor is required. See Fig. 2 for resistor value. Use standard resistor value equal to or less than value form the curve. 2.Vcc = 5Vdc for all tests ...
Motor Control Centers - A117 North American IC Catalog
Motor Control Centers - A117 North American IC Catalog

... • Three current-limiting power fuses for NEMA Class E2 operation • Three current transformers • Control circuit transformer with primary and secondary fuses • Low voltage control panel • Space for necessary auxiliary control and metering devices • Polycarbonate viewing window in power cell door • In ...
Agilent 33220A Function Generator Tutorial
Agilent 33220A Function Generator Tutorial

... Figure 2: Function generator panel displays voltage values for RL = 50 Ω Under the assumption that the load impedance is 50 Ω, the voltage delivered to the load (the effective voltage output) is half the generated voltage of vs . Loading the output with an impedance much greater than 50 Ω (such as c ...
Sampling, Quantization and Encoding
Sampling, Quantization and Encoding

... use of a low-pass filter, step nonlinearity (the actual 1-bit DAC), and negative feedback loop, in a technique called delta-sigma modulation. This results in an effective high-pass filter acting on the quantization (signal processing) noise, thus steering this noise out of the low frequencies of int ...
Performance comparison of basic three type differential amplifiers
Performance comparison of basic three type differential amplifiers

... Iref=20uA and CL=10p. B. Using PSpice simulation, determine graphically the values of Aud, Aucm, CMRR, GBW, BW and SR for Iref=20uA and CL=10p. C. Present the results from A and B in tabular form and make the conclusions about accuracy of the hand-calculation methods. D. Using simulations, examine t ...
AN AUTOMATIC LINE VOLTAGE SWITCHING CIRCUIT
AN AUTOMATIC LINE VOLTAGE SWITCHING CIRCUIT

technical information
technical information

... The TA0103A senses the power rails through VSPOS and VSNEG for over- and under-voltage conditions. The over- and under-voltage limits are Vo and Vu respectively as specified in the Electrical Characteristics table. If the supply voltage exceeds Vo or drops below Vu, the TA0103A shuts off the output ...
NDTS Series - power, Murata
NDTS Series - power, Murata

... 60VDC. The isolation test voltage represents a measure of immunity to transient voltages and the part should never be used as an element of a safety isolation system. The part could be expected to function correctly with several hundred volts offset applied continuously across the isolation barrier; ...
Motor Control FOC SDK  Antonino Bruno, Dino Costanzo, Gianluigi Forte ABSTRACT
Motor Control FOC SDK Antonino Bruno, Dino Costanzo, Gianluigi Forte ABSTRACT

NCP1076B Flyback Converter Evaluation Board User`s
NCP1076B Flyback Converter Evaluation Board User`s

... coverage may be accessed at www.onsemi.com/site/pdf/Patent−Marking.pdf. ON Semiconductor reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. ON Semiconductor makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purp ...
Wigton Wind Farm Ltd.
Wigton Wind Farm Ltd.

... in the order 2.5 to 3.5% which is acceptable. Ratings of the Capacitors and tuning reactors -The ratings of the capcitor and tuning reactor components need to be such that the equipment will withstand the max.level of harmonic currents as well as fundamental voltage magnitude without overloading.Mea ...
— mWSaver™ PWM Controller FAN6756AHL FAN 67
— mWSaver™ PWM Controller FAN6756AHL FAN 67

... Feedback. The output voltage feedback information from the external compensation circuit is fed into this pin. The PWM duty cycle is determined by comparing the FB signal with the currentsense signal from the SENSE pin. ...
File - ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPT, DCE
File - ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPT, DCE

... Bypassed thyristor mode is defined as the thyristor triggered continuously and therefore the valve stays conducting all the time. In this mode, Thyristors are made to conduct with a conduction angle of 180 ̊. Gate pulses are applied as soon as the voltage across the thyristor reaches zero and become ...
EM8559A
EM8559A

... Whenever the VCC voltage is high than the OVP threshold voltage (29V), the output gate drive will be shutdown to stop the switching of the power MOSFET until the next UVLO (on). The Over-Voltage-Protection on VCC function in EM8559A is an auto-restart type protection. If the OVP condition is not rel ...
ds26ls31cm
ds26ls31cm

... Note 1: ‘‘Absolute Maximum Ratings’’ are those values beyond which the safety of the device cannot be guaranteed. They are not meant to imply that the devices should be operated at these limits. The tables of ‘‘Electrical Characteristics’’ provide conditions for actual device operation. Note 2: Unle ...
Document
Document

... Abstract-A single processor controls a three phase silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) power converter. An inexpensive, dual optoisolator interface to the power line provides noise rejection and an improved measure of the zero crossing. A dynamic digital phaselocked loop (PLL) algorithm implemented i ...
< 1 ... 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 ... 1202 >

Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report