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LP3997 Micropower 250mA CMOS LDO Regulator with Error Flag
LP3997 Micropower 250mA CMOS LDO Regulator with Error Flag

... SD controls the turning on and off of the LP3997. VOUT is guaranteed to be on when the voltage on the SD pin is greater than 0.95V. VOUT is guaranteed to be off when the voltage on the SD pin is less than 0.4V. ERROR ERROR is an open drain output which is set low when VOUT is more than 5% below its ...
Research on the Method of Automatic Obstacle Avoidance for Robot
Research on the Method of Automatic Obstacle Avoidance for Robot

... suited for communication gateways, protocol converters and embedded soft modems as well as many other general-purpose applications. ...
common-base amplifier
common-base amplifier

Power Devices and ICs
Power Devices and ICs

Example: The Input Offset Voltage
Example: The Input Offset Voltage

Applications Circuits: Current Measurement
Applications Circuits: Current Measurement

... amplifier that can withstand unusually high CMV without damage—the INA117. A precision thin film resistor network on-chip divides down the input while simultaneously providing gain in the op amp to bring the signal back up to its original level. In general purpose applications this unitygain amplifi ...
7a- Curr Meas Apps
7a- Curr Meas Apps

... amplifier that can withstand unusually high CMV without damage—the INA117. A precision thin film resistor network on-chip divides down the input while simultaneously providing gain in the op amp to bring the signal back up to its original level. In general purpose applications this unitygain amplifi ...
`BUCK` STEP-DOWN DC-DC CONVERTER (Basic
`BUCK` STEP-DOWN DC-DC CONVERTER (Basic

... Operation of dc-dc converters is based on energy storage in one of the switching cycle sub intervals followed by energy transfer in a later sub interval. In the basic 1 topology circuit shown in Fig.1 the energy storage and transfer is due to the inductor L. Large signal analysis provides terminal d ...
Comparison of PI and ANN Control Techniques for Nine
Comparison of PI and ANN Control Techniques for Nine

... square measure series and shunt power converters, DC capacitors, low-pass and high-pass passive filters, and series and shunt transformers the most purpose of a UPQC is to catch up on offer voltage power quality problems, such as, sags, swells, unbalance, flicker, harmonics, and for load current pow ...
Monitoring & Feedback Control
Monitoring & Feedback Control

... • Uses Current Pick-up Coil & Analog Feedback Circuit • Requires variable gain, reset, dead band, that effect current output • Normally requires 3 to 5 cycles to stabilize • Therefore, used mostly with seam welding not spot welding ...
A Numerical Protection Relay Solution
A Numerical Protection Relay Solution

... external reference mode and Texas Instruments' REF50xx series of low-noise, very low-drift (3ppm/°C max), precision voltage references should be used to provide this reference voltage. Note that no external reference buffer is required while using the REF50xx. ...
Operating Instructions
Operating Instructions

International Electrical Engineering Journal (IEEJ) Vol. 6 (2015) No.2, pp. 1780-1786
International Electrical Engineering Journal (IEEJ) Vol. 6 (2015) No.2, pp. 1780-1786

... Whereα> 0 is the step size which should be related to the scales of the problem of interest. In most cases, we can use α = 0 (1). The product ⊕ means entry-wise multiplications. L´evy flights essentially provide a random walk while their random steps are drawn from an Levy distribution for large ste ...
MAX4789–MAX4794 200mA/250mA/300mA Current
MAX4789–MAX4794 200mA/250mA/300mA Current

Y. Hu, W. Rieutort-Louis, L. Huang, J. Sanz-Robinson, S. Wagner, J.C. Sturm, N. Verma, "Flexible solar-energy harvesting system on plastic with thin-film LC oscillators operating above ft for inductively-coupled power delivery", Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC), 10.1109/CICC.2012.6330627 pp. 1-4 San Jose, CA SEPT (2012).
Y. Hu, W. Rieutort-Louis, L. Huang, J. Sanz-Robinson, S. Wagner, J.C. Sturm, N. Verma, "Flexible solar-energy harvesting system on plastic with thin-film LC oscillators operating above ft for inductively-coupled power delivery", Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC), 10.1109/CICC.2012.6330627 pp. 1-4 San Jose, CA SEPT (2012).

... enabling the integration of diverse transducers with functional circuits on large, flexible sheets. This can lead to transformational systems for high-resolution sensing [1] and energy harvesting [2]. A critical limitation, however, is the low performance of thin-film transistors (TFTs), which typic ...
Transformers
Transformers

IEC 61000-4-x - AN96-07
IEC 61000-4-x - AN96-07

... and the short-circuit current is a 5 x 300µs waveform. The source impedance is given as 40Ω. The type of suppression element needed for IEC 610004-5 class surges depends upon the threat level and installation class. For power supply applications high power devices are required. A discrete device or ...
EMX26
EMX26

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MAX1920/MAX1921 Low-Voltage, 400mA Step-Down DC-DC Converters in SOT23 General Description

... The MAX1920/MAX1921 step-down converters deliver over 400mA to outputs as low as 1.25V. These converters use a unique proprietary current-limited control scheme that achieves over 90% efficiency. These devices maintain extremely low quiescent supply current (50µA), and their high 1.2MHz (max) operat ...
AND8396 - Implementing Power Factor Correction with the NCP1608
AND8396 - Implementing Power Factor Correction with the NCP1608

A1000 - Inverter series with high performance vector control
A1000 - Inverter series with high performance vector control

Stresa, Italy, 26-28 April 2006
Stresa, Italy, 26-28 April 2006

... poling axis and the mechanical strain/stress axis. Energy conversion analysis can be derived from piezoelectric equations (1) written according to IEEE standards, where {T}, {S}, {E} and {D} are respectively the stress vector, the strain vector, the electric field vector and the electrical induction ...
A Static Phase Offset Reduction Technique for Multiplying Delay
A Static Phase Offset Reduction Technique for Multiplying Delay

... replace the counterpart of VCO output. SPO in PLL and MDLL is shown in Figure 2. It can be seen that although PLL output has SPO, the period of the Nth cycle is almost the same as the average period of other cycles. However, comparing with PLL output, if MDLL output has SPO, the period of Nth cycle ...
The Bridge Rectifier - members.iinet.com.au
The Bridge Rectifier - members.iinet.com.au

... expect to achieve about 365Vdc of HT under load using this transformer. Whenever the diodes switch on and off, as they deliver large pulses of current to the reservoir capacitor, they tend to produce a voltage spike known as a 'switching transient'. This can introduce high-frequency 'hash' noise int ...
Comparison of Performance Measures for PV based Super
Comparison of Performance Measures for PV based Super

... modern technology of DC-DC converter. Methods: The Luo converter provides output voltage which is positive from positive source voltage. By using this converter power density obtained is high with less ripple content in voltage and current profile. It is proven from the Mathematical modeling that th ...
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Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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