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47000 SERIES 1W
47000 SERIES 1W

VS1011 to VS1053 Migration Guide
VS1011 to VS1053 Migration Guide

... you use the higher 1.65 V reference voltage REF, which makes the limits 3.3. . . 3.6 V, but most designs are easier with the default REF = 1.23 V). VS1011’s DVDD which was 2.3. . . 3.6 V has been replaced with IOVDD, which is 1.8. . . 3.6 V in VS1053. With VS1011 it was easy to implement a system wh ...
MAX8740 TFT-LCD Step-Up DC-DC Converter General Description Features
MAX8740 TFT-LCD Step-Up DC-DC Converter General Description Features

... Detailed Description The MAX8740 is a highly efficient power supply that employs a current-mode, fixed-frequency, PWM architecture for fast transient response and low-noise operation. The device regulates the output voltage through a combination of an error amplifier, two comparators, and several si ...
maxon EC motor EC 45 flat with integrated electronics Document ID: 919801en
maxon EC motor EC 45 flat with integrated electronics Document ID: 919801en

SUA750 / 1609-U500N - Rockwell Automation Knowledgebase
SUA750 / 1609-U500N - Rockwell Automation Knowledgebase

... 1) Use MOV's which have a higher joule rating. Typically, MOV's with a higher joule rating also have a higher surge clamping voltage which will result in a higher let-through voltage to the protected equipment. ...
II. Transistor and Transistor Application
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... The simplest regulated supply of voltage is a zener diode. The zener diode is an element for which the ratio V/I is not constant (as it is for resistance R) but it depends on particular value of V. It is important to know how the resulting zener voltage will change with applied current. This is a me ...
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE) e-ISSN: 2278-1676,p-ISSN: 2320-3331
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE) e-ISSN: 2278-1676,p-ISSN: 2320-3331

... the inverter and the utility grid. There are also anti-parallel thyristors K, which are the main difference between the MHBDVR and traditional DVRs [19]. In most practical inverters, there is also a bypass switch connected in parallel with the injection transformer [18]. Importantly, the energy stor ...
IOSR Journal of VLSI and Signal Processing (IOSR-JVSP)
IOSR Journal of VLSI and Signal Processing (IOSR-JVSP)

... energy constraint. The ICs for such devices should be made energy efficient in order to let the devices operate long time. As many wireless, small handheld devices with innovative technologies came into existence, they are capable of processing multimedia or digital signal processing applications. A ...
TL circuits with half- and quarter
TL circuits with half- and quarter

... We have replaced the short termination of the previous lecture with an arbitrary load impedance ZL = RL + jXL. In this lecture we will discuss sinusoidal steady-state TL circuit problems having arbitrary reactive loads but with line lengths l constrained to be integer multiples of λ4 (at the operati ...
Paper Title (use style: paper title) - Scientific Bulletin of Electrical
Paper Title (use style: paper title) - Scientific Bulletin of Electrical

... inductance of dispersion field, factor who establish if the bar is high or not) have been introduced [15] to get an equivalent circuit valid on steady state regime and also in transitional regime. To determine the equivalent circuit parameters of motor it can be used finite element method [14]. This ...
UNIVERSAL INPUT RESISTANCE OUTPUT UIRO
UNIVERSAL INPUT RESISTANCE OUTPUT UIRO

Signal Integrity for Vacuum Processing Systems
Signal Integrity for Vacuum Processing Systems

... Successful operation of power supplies and instrumentation in vacuum processing systems requires detailed attention to signal integrity. This paper introduces techniques involving signal grounding, shielding, coaxial cables, twisted pair cables, and quad cables, as well as methods for preventing ele ...
RF6590 POWER MANAGEMENT IC Features
RF6590 POWER MANAGEMENT IC Features

... • SPI logic voltage should not exceed 1.8 volts (Output 2 supply) during operation. • Do not exceed listed currents in CLK mode, otherwise the Output voltage will fall out of regulation. • Register 0 must be restored by the controller, whenever the mode enters TRX mode. All registers should be consi ...
influence of presowing ion-ozone cavitational processing and air
influence of presowing ion-ozone cavitational processing and air

... J.Deny* et al. International Journal of Pharmacy & Technology cycle the load can be operated as source. In this the circuit will operate as a boost converter which will improve the DC voltage by using isolation transformer and inductor which can be phase shifted. This circuit can operate in two typ ...
Jun 1999 Micropower LDO Has the Lowest Noise and Quiescent Current in SOT-23
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... leakage currents of the internal transistors. This leakage current, typically a few nanoamperes at room temperature, stays below 1µA over the operating temperature range. Competing devices may be able to match the shutdown quiescent current, but operating quiescent current is improved by a factor of ...
Zener Diode
Zener Diode

... The electric field may become large enough for the covalent bond to break, causing electron-hole pairs to be created. So, electrons from p-type are swept to n-region by the electric field and holes from the n-type are swept to the p-region The movement will create reverse biased current known as the ...
Proper Termination of Digital Incremental Encoder
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inductors - Murata Power Solutions
inductors - Murata Power Solutions

... If a SPICE simulation of an inductor is required the simple standard value may not be adequate for all occasions, particularly in situations where the inductor is being used either near its maximum DC current value or when operated at near resonant frequency. In a circuit using many low resistance p ...
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ME343 Chapter 12
ME343 Chapter 12

7- to 13-Bit Variable Resolution Incremental ADC Datasheet
7- to 13-Bit Variable Resolution Incremental ADC Datasheet

... The selection of the input is done after the analog PSoC block is placed. The eight switched capacitor blocks have differing input selections. Each can be connected to most of its neighbors, while some can be directly connected to external input pins. Placement of the analog block must be done with ...
Chapter 22
Chapter 22

... current amplification also produce power amplification  However, the term power amplifier is normally reserved for circuits whose main function is to deliver large amounts of power  These can be produced using FETs or bipolar transistors, or using special purpose devices such as thyristors and tri ...
BUF634 250-mA High-Speed Buffer (Rev. A)
BUF634 250-mA High-Speed Buffer (Rev. A)

... The BUF634 device can deliver up to ±250-mA continuous output current. Internal circuitry limits output current to approximately ±350 mA; see Figure 10. For many applications, however, the continuous output current will be limited by thermal effects. The output voltage swing capability varies with j ...
MAX9632 36V, Precision, Low-Noise, Wide-Band Amplifier EVALUATION KIT AVAILABLE
MAX9632 36V, Precision, Low-Noise, Wide-Band Amplifier EVALUATION KIT AVAILABLE

... that is transformed into a short current pulse once it discharges through the device. The built-in protection circuit provides a current path around the op amp that prevents it from being damaged. The energy absorbed by the protection circuit is dissipated as heat. ESD protection is guaranteed up to ...
An AA-Sized Vibration- Based Microgenerator for Wireless Sensors
An AA-Sized Vibration- Based Microgenerator for Wireless Sensors

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Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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