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DACs
DACs

Compare and contrast Tuned Radio Frequency
Compare and contrast Tuned Radio Frequency

... selectivity and each circuit are ganged so that they resonate at the same frequency. But in a superhet receiver, this principle is not followed, instead, the RF amplifier, mixer and local oscillator are ganged to produce an intermediate frequency. ...
NE556
NE556

Simulation of load displacement in parallel lines using - KIT
Simulation of load displacement in parallel lines using - KIT

... 0.114 kV⁄µs which is below the typical dielectric strength slope of VCB (Table 3). The TRV peak value is 10.67kV which is 1.8 times larger than the peak value of the voltage across this reactor step. It is within the range of VCB parameter. The step size was in this case set to 4µ . Actually, the os ...
VN-100/200/300 Development Board User Manual
VN-100/200/300 Development Board User Manual

... enable  hot  starting  the  receivers  when  the  GPS  is  subsequently  turned  on.  With  other  power  sources  removed, the VBAT pin will consume approximately 30uA.  With the CR1225 lithium cell battery supplied  in the development kit, this will provide approximately two months of continuous b ...
Design and Implementation of Firing Circuit for Single- Phase
Design and Implementation of Firing Circuit for Single- Phase

... are to be fired when Vb0 is positive. For T1 & T2 the firing angle α is to be measured from the instant when Va0 is zero and increasing in the positive direction. The range of variation of α is 00 to 1800. Similarly for T3 & T4 the firing angle α is to be measured from the instant when Vb0 is zero a ...
Control Motor ECM3000
Control Motor ECM3000

... Between auxiliary switch terminals and casing Between power supply 24Vac type 500Vac, 60s terminals and casing, 100Vac type 1200Vac, 60s and between input 200Vac type 1500Vac, 60s terminals and casing 85 to 264Vac type 1500Vac, 60s Between auxiliary switch 1500Vac, 60s terminals and casing Number of ...
English - Progressive Dynamics
English - Progressive Dynamics

model ngn-3a - Optec, Inc.
model ngn-3a - Optec, Inc.

... 180° is necessary. The NGN-3A truncates at 5° and 175°. A low voltage (13.8 volt DC) quartz halogen projector bulb with dichroic reflector illuminates the opal plastic diffuser. In the light path between the diffuser and bulb, a mechanical chopper modulates the beam at an exact 10 Hz frequency. The ...
Variable On-Time, AC Voltage, MOSFET
Variable On-Time, AC Voltage, MOSFET

... Stage Tapping: Connectors at the individual stages of stack in order to utilize single power semiconductors. To achieve fast rise times also at very low operating voltages (<0.01xVo). Low Natural Capacitance: CN reduced by approximately 30%. To minimize capacitive power losses in applications with h ...
ECE 497 Project Proposal
ECE 497 Project Proposal

Voltage Control and Load Sharing in DC
Voltage Control and Load Sharing in DC

... where pref is the power reference and eq,f is the low-pass filtered grid voltage vector. The first order low-pass filter, with break-over frequency of 5 Hz, is used to attenuate disturbances since it is found that they affect the reference to a large extent. The estimated power, however, is not used ...
In the project “Car Parking System”
In the project “Car Parking System”

... capacity of cars with the help of user interface given in the hardware in the form of switches so that there is no congestion. We have deployed a microcontroller which is used to sense the movement of cars and depending upon whether there is a capacity of cars to enter, it either opens the gate or n ...
Dynamic Voltage Restorer Based on Load Condition
Dynamic Voltage Restorer Based on Load Condition

Precision, Low Power INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIER INA118
Precision, Low Power INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIER INA118

powerPerfector Brochure
powerPerfector Brochure

TA3020 STEREO 300W (4Ω) CLASS-T DIGITAL AUDIO AMPLIFIER
TA3020 STEREO 300W (4Ω) CLASS-T DIGITAL AUDIO AMPLIFIER

... voltage Protection section in the Application Information for a detailed discussion of the internal circuit operation and external component selection. Main overvoltage and undervoltage sense resistor for the positive supply (VPP). Please refer to the Electrical Characteristics Section for the trip ...
CrCM PFC Boost Converter Design - Digi-Key
CrCM PFC Boost Converter Design - Digi-Key

... In order to select the the optimum MOSFET, one must understand the MOSFET requirements in a CrCM boost converter. High voltage MOSFETS have several families based on different technologies, which each target a specific application, topology or operation. For a boost converter, the following are some ...
LV8760T Forward/Reverse H-bridge Driver Overview Bi-CMOS LSI
LV8760T Forward/Reverse H-bridge Driver Overview Bi-CMOS LSI

... The LV8760T incorporates an output short-circuit protection circuit. It turns the ouputs off to prevent destruction of the IC if a problem such as an output pin being shorted to the motor power supply or ground occurs. 1.Protection function operation (Latch method) The short-circuit protection circu ...
Good Practice for the NCP1602 CSZCD Pin Design and PCB Layout
Good Practice for the NCP1602 CSZCD Pin Design and PCB Layout

... consumption current by increasing (above 1 MW) the resistance (RCS1 + RCS2 ) of the CSZCD bridge connected between the drain and the source of the power MOSFET (see Figure 1), the sensitivity of the CSZCD pin to PCB parasitic capacitors is increased. In some case, it can lead to non-functionality ca ...
Document
Document

Hex high-to-low level shifter
Hex high-to-low level shifter

... Fig.6 Logic diagram (one level shifter). ...
objective - Technicalsymposium
objective - Technicalsymposium

... Conductor system. Which system is better and why? 1.2 A single circuit three phase transposed transmission line is composed of four ACSR 1,272,000 cmil conductors per phase with flat horizontal spacing of 14 m between Phases a and b and between phases b and c. The bundle spacing is 45 cm. The Conduc ...
2SC4134 数据资料DataSheet下载
2SC4134 数据资料DataSheet下载

... "standard application", intended for the use as general electronics equipment. The products mentioned herein shall not be intended for use for any "special application" (medical equipment whose purpose is to sustain life, aerospace instrument, nuclear control device, burning appliances, transportati ...
Recent Advances In RF Integrated Circuits
Recent Advances In RF Integrated Circuits

... programmable gain, and downconverts the result to quadrature baseband components. This architecture requires only two external filters in the receive path (excluding the duplexer), but the IF SAW device tends t o have higher loss (and higher cost) if it must filter adjacent channels to sufficiently ...
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Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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