• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Chapter 22
Chapter 22

... current amplification also produce power amplification  However, the term power amplifier is normally reserved for circuits whose main function is to deliver large amounts of power  These can be produced using FETs or bipolar transistors, or using special purpose devices such as thyristors and tri ...
Data Sheet
Data Sheet

... Using the typical application circuit as shown in Figure 2, the Outputs on Pins 8 and 9 occur on power-up because of the large settling time in the amplifier stages. In applications where this is not desireable, the digital filter oscillator must be disabled on power-up long enough to enable the PIR ...
BDTIC  www.BDTIC.com/infineon TLE4966K
BDTIC www.BDTIC.com/infineon TLE4966K

... 1) over operating range, unless otherwise specified. Typical values correspond to VS = 12 V and TA = 25°C 2) To operate the sensor at the max. switching frequency, the magnetic signal amplitude must be 1.4 times higher than for static fields. This is due to the -3 dB corner frequency of the low pass ...
18999 Demonstrate advanced knowledge of electrical
18999 Demonstrate advanced knowledge of electrical

... This unit standard is intended for use in the training and assessment of electricians beyond trade level. It covers theory of electrical machines, at a level more advanced than the requirements for the National Certificate in Electrical Engineering (Electrician for Registration) (Level 4) [Ref: 1195 ...
BUF634 250-mA High-Speed Buffer (Rev. A)
BUF634 250-mA High-Speed Buffer (Rev. A)

... The BUF634 device can deliver up to ±250-mA continuous output current. Internal circuitry limits output current to approximately ±350 mA; see Figure 10. For many applications, however, the continuous output current will be limited by thermal effects. The output voltage swing capability varies with j ...
Data interface - STMicroelectronics
Data interface - STMicroelectronics

... output slopes for low EMI, a wide power supply voltage range and a real standby function with zero power consumption ISSB typ 1µA during system de powering VCC  0.5V make this device high efficient for automotive bus system. After wake up of the system from SB condition the first output signal wi ...
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

... trip voltage is reached the main task is interrupted. Some CPU time is required to calculate the result using the look-up table. To further improve the accuracy of the result, not only the rising slope can be used. A second measurement can be done starting with a fully charged capacitor measuring th ...
An AA-Sized Vibration- Based Microgenerator for Wireless Sensors
An AA-Sized Vibration- Based Microgenerator for Wireless Sensors

Nominal 48 V input range - Power Sources Manufacturers Association
Nominal 48 V input range - Power Sources Manufacturers Association

... Note that the distribution voltage drops must be approximately half those in a 48 V system, as shown in Figure 2. This may be achieved by locating the power plant within (or very close to) the equipment, and by careful design of the power distribution within the equipment to minimize losses. When th ...
Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences
Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences

... Section II deals with the Relift circuit and its mode of operation followed by the simulation results of open loop relift DC-DC converter. Section III depicts the design of a PI controller for relift circuit with its simulation results and finally section IV portrays the hardware implementation of r ...
ECG SIGNAL PROCESSING AND HEART RATE FREQUENCY
ECG SIGNAL PROCESSING AND HEART RATE FREQUENCY

... exercising with dumbbells. The signal was sampled continually during stress test. The heart rate frequency was computed in frames of signal with length of 4 s which were 2 s overlapped. The division of signal to frames simulates real-time processing which will be used in microprocessor implementatio ...
M8100 Synchroscope User Manual
M8100 Synchroscope User Manual

Institutionen för systemteknik Biasing for high linearity base-station pre-driver Department of Electrical Engineering
Institutionen för systemteknik Biasing for high linearity base-station pre-driver Department of Electrical Engineering

... Ratio) obtained by modulated input signal measurements, for each model a designed circuit presented and discussed. There are so many researches in nonlinearity and efficiency concept of GaAs based PAs and not in Si based devices. As SiGe is attractive in RF Electronics application because of the low ...
How to Change the LD Module in an LMV1000 with...
How to Change the LD Module in an LMV1000 with...

... output power will not be sufficient enough to mark your materials. Once this point is reached, the LD Module will need to be replaced. Miyachi Unitek offers two different LD Modules, a new unit (L-05269-003) and a refurbished unit (L-05269-004). The refurbishment process works by factory refurbishin ...
labs345full
labs345full

... 3C.2 Case: The case includes a waveguide-mounted point contact diode. The level control affects the meter reading at all times and it affects the audio output if power is supplied by the 9V power unit. The light works only when power is being supplied by the 9V power unit. 3C.3 Horn. The flared horn ...
MAX8867/MAX8868 Low-Noise, Low-Dropout, 150mA Linear Regulators in SOT23 _______________General Description
MAX8867/MAX8868 Low-Noise, Low-Dropout, 150mA Linear Regulators in SOT23 _______________General Description

... The MAX8867/MAX8868 low-noise, low-dropout linear regulators operate from a 2.5V to 6.5V input and deliver up to 150mA. Typical output noise for these devices is just 30µVRMS, and typical dropout is only 165mV at 150mA. The output voltage is preset to voltages in the range of 2.5V to 5.0V, in 100mV ...
Latest Technology PT IGBTs vs. Power MOSFETs
Latest Technology PT IGBTs vs. Power MOSFETs

... is more tolerant of defects inevitably induced during the manufacturing process, which improves ruggedness and reliability, especially at high current or high temperature. The gate drive requirements for these IGBTs are very similar to MOSFETs. When replacing a power MOSFET with a Power MOS 7 IGBT ...
The Bandgap Reference [A Circuit for All Seasons]
The Bandgap Reference [A Circuit for All Seasons]

... The basic bandgap expression, bipolar transistors are implemented VBE + 17.2VT , takes on a value of about as vertical pnp structures. As with 1.25 V at T = 300 K, defying direct Figure 3, resistor Rl2 = R 2 can be inserted to ensure VDS1 = VDS2, supimplementation in today’s low-voltage pressing cur ...
2006-04 CARTS-US Capacitor Considerations for Power
2006-04 CARTS-US Capacitor Considerations for Power

Si4x55-C - Silicon Labs
Si4x55-C - Silicon Labs

... (PGA), the signal is converted to the digital domain by a high performance  ADC allowing filtering, demodulation, slicing, and packet handling to be performed in the built-in digital modem, increasing the receiver’s performance and flexibility versus analog based architectures. The demodulated sig ...
rinehart motion systems llc
rinehart motion systems llc

LMV851 数据资料 dataSheet 下载
LMV851 数据资料 dataSheet 下载

... LMV854 will effectively reduce disturbances caused by RF signals to a level that will be hardly noticeable. This again reduces the need for additional filtering and shielding. Using this EMI resistant series of op amps will thus reduce the number of components and space needed for applications that ...
OCXO Layout Guidelines - Connor
OCXO Layout Guidelines - Connor

... A voltage regulator takes an input voltage from an external source and steps it down to a suitable voltage level that can power components on the circuit board. Two common types of voltage regulators are dc-dc converters and low-dropout regulators (LDO). When deciding on a voltage regulator, alway ...
Design and Implementation of Firing Circuit for Single- Phase
Design and Implementation of Firing Circuit for Single- Phase

... are to be fired when Vb0 is positive. For T1 & T2 the firing angle α is to be measured from the instant when Va0 is zero and increasing in the positive direction. The range of variation of α is 00 to 1800. Similarly for T3 & T4 the firing angle α is to be measured from the instant when Vb0 is zero a ...
MAX881R Low-Noise Bias Supply in µMAX with Power-OK for GaAsFET PA General Description
MAX881R Low-Noise Bias Supply in µMAX with Power-OK for GaAsFET PA General Description

... designed for biasing GaAsFET power amplifiers in portable wireless applications. This device is a chargepump inverter followed by a negative linear regulator. The input voltage range is 2.5V to 5.5V. The output is preset at -2.0V or can be set, using two resistors, to any voltage from -0.5V to (-VIN ...
< 1 ... 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 ... 1202 >

Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report