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ILX511 - Ocean Optics
ILX511 - Ocean Optics

... Saturation output voltage Dark voltage average Dark signal nonuniformity Image lag Dynamic range Saturation exposure 5V current consumption Total transfer efficiency Output impedance Offset level ...
DB_MS8886C
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... The linearity of a µPot cannot be measured directly without a buffer because the input impedance of most measurement systems is not high enough to provide the required accuracy. The lower impedance of the measurement system would load down the output and an incorrect reading would result. To prevent ...
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... voltages, tight regulation and rapid transient response is propelling the move to power processing at the "point-of-use" with low-power DC/DC converters physically located right at their loads. DATEL’s miniature, full featured, 5 Watt BWR Models were specifically designed for today’s demanding distr ...
Introduction to Solid State Electronics_independent_study
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... positive terminal of the power supply. This causes the ID to flow through the p-n junction, from positive terminal to the negative terminal of the power supply. On the other hand, if we connect the positive and negative terminals of a power supply to the n-type and p-type semiconductors, respectivel ...
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... the circuit emulates a pure resistance and this corresponds to a transfer of energy from the mechanical domain to the battery. By controlling the effective value of this resistance, the electrical damping can be set to maximise the generated power. In the presence of both real and reactive power flo ...
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... to use a slow horizontal sweet to bring the peaks close together so that there is always some peak close to the grid marks. At very slow speed the signal looks like a continuous band across the scope, which is a convenient display for amplitude measurements. However, you must change the sweet to che ...
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... The dc characteristics of the diode are determined by the saturation current IS and the ideality factor N. The bulk resistance of RS=190 is included which describes the IU-characteristic of the device beyond 400mV which is leading to current limitation. This can easily be seen by replacing the junc ...
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... The two outputs can be configured as independent voltage rails. Input capacitor size can be minimized by running the two outputs 180º out-of-phase. The IC supports current sensing using either an external current-sense resistor for accuracy or an inductor DCR for improved system efficiency. Current ...
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... Fluorescent lamps have applications in most areas of lighting, where they give longer lifetime and lower power consumption for equivalent light output compared to filament bulbs, with the disadvantage of higher initial cost. In operation, a voltage is applied across the ends of a sealed glass tube c ...
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... accessory mounting provisions of most DC motors. Both stub shaft and through shaft mountings are accommodated for motor frame sizes from 180 through 500. This space saving design eliminates the need for costly adapters and shaft couplings. It not only saves installation time but, more importantly, c ...
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... UV Error HO outputs “L” level as long as UV error for VCC is detected. LO is locked at “L” as long as UV error for VCC is detected. (VCC)* HO responds to IN if VCC exceeds VCC UV reset level. After VCC exceeds VCC UV reset level, the lock for LO is removed and responds to IN signal. UV Error (VBS) ...
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AD815

SRA spec 7/30/03
SRA spec 7/30/03

< 1 ... 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 ... 1202 >

Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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