How Complexity Originates: The Evolution of Animal Eyes
... which occurred early in vertebrate history and led to the duplication of phototransduction genes (Nordström et al. 2004). Following such block duplication, each set of duplicates must also diverge in function, which requires other mutations after the duplication event. For coduplication to occur wi ...
... which occurred early in vertebrate history and led to the duplication of phototransduction genes (Nordström et al. 2004). Following such block duplication, each set of duplicates must also diverge in function, which requires other mutations after the duplication event. For coduplication to occur wi ...
Document
... • Gene nucleotide substitutions can be synonymous (i.e. not changing the encoded amino acid) or nonsynonymous (i.e. changing the a.a.). • Rates of evolution vary tremendously among proteincoding genes. Molecular evolutionary studies have revealed an ∼1000-fold range of nonsynonymous substitution rat ...
... • Gene nucleotide substitutions can be synonymous (i.e. not changing the encoded amino acid) or nonsynonymous (i.e. changing the a.a.). • Rates of evolution vary tremendously among proteincoding genes. Molecular evolutionary studies have revealed an ∼1000-fold range of nonsynonymous substitution rat ...
Investigating the link between tRNA and mRNA - EMBL-EBI
... of protein-coding genes, which changes dynamically to drive cell function. The abundance of trna genes defines, to a large extent, the efficiency with which mrna can be translated into proteins. On the one hand, this serves to explain the need for the observed, stable trna abundance. On the other ha ...
... of protein-coding genes, which changes dynamically to drive cell function. The abundance of trna genes defines, to a large extent, the efficiency with which mrna can be translated into proteins. On the one hand, this serves to explain the need for the observed, stable trna abundance. On the other ha ...
6 Gene Interaction
... b. The progeny of the cross Cb/Cs Cb/Cc will be 3/4 black (1/4 Cb/Cb, 1/4 Cb/Cc, 1/4 Cb/Cs) : 1/4 sepia (Cs/Cc). The progeny of the cross Cb/Ca (or Cb/Cc) Cb/Cc will be 3/4 black: 1/4 cream. 23. In a maternity ward, four babies become accidentally mixed up. The ABO types of the four babies are k ...
... b. The progeny of the cross Cb/Cs Cb/Cc will be 3/4 black (1/4 Cb/Cb, 1/4 Cb/Cc, 1/4 Cb/Cs) : 1/4 sepia (Cs/Cc). The progeny of the cross Cb/Ca (or Cb/Cc) Cb/Cc will be 3/4 black: 1/4 cream. 23. In a maternity ward, four babies become accidentally mixed up. The ABO types of the four babies are k ...
Severe Perinatal Thrombosis in Double and Triple Heterozygous
... venous thrombosis), which failed to detect another example of the Met570 Thr substitution. This mutation does not appear to be a common polymorphism. Moreover, its presence is associated with the clinical phenotype in the family through two generations (Fig 1). The maternal 2-bp deletion was detecte ...
... venous thrombosis), which failed to detect another example of the Met570 Thr substitution. This mutation does not appear to be a common polymorphism. Moreover, its presence is associated with the clinical phenotype in the family through two generations (Fig 1). The maternal 2-bp deletion was detecte ...
The Philosophy of Molecular and Developmental Biology
... at the core of all these definitions of ‘gene’ is the basic concept of a sequence that is transcribed to produce a gene product. Other authors have argued that Waters’s definition creates a merely verbal unity between ‘genes’ with different structures, different functions and different theoretical r ...
... at the core of all these definitions of ‘gene’ is the basic concept of a sequence that is transcribed to produce a gene product. Other authors have argued that Waters’s definition creates a merely verbal unity between ‘genes’ with different structures, different functions and different theoretical r ...
Small AnDsense RNAs and RNA Interference
... In an organism like C. elegans, dsRNA (with a sequence which is complementary to a target mRNA of interest) can be used to downregulate that mRNA experimentally. ...
... In an organism like C. elegans, dsRNA (with a sequence which is complementary to a target mRNA of interest) can be used to downregulate that mRNA experimentally. ...
O4 M.A. Rouf Mian
... protein meal. Soybean ranks third only after corn and wheat in total acres grown for a seed crop in the USA. The Soybean aphid (SA) (Aphis glycines Matsumura) was first reported in the northern soybean growing region of the USA in 2000. By 2004, 80% of the U.S. soybean field was infested by SA. The ...
... protein meal. Soybean ranks third only after corn and wheat in total acres grown for a seed crop in the USA. The Soybean aphid (SA) (Aphis glycines Matsumura) was first reported in the northern soybean growing region of the USA in 2000. By 2004, 80% of the U.S. soybean field was infested by SA. The ...
Transgenic approaches for optogenetics Tim Murphy UBC.
... Do you need to fluorescently label a cell type, but can’t find the right transgenic mouse? If you have a Cre mouse that targets the cells you’re interested in, you can mate it with a Cre reporter to get red, green, yellow, or even rainbow-colored fluorescence in those cells. If you prefer histology, ...
... Do you need to fluorescently label a cell type, but can’t find the right transgenic mouse? If you have a Cre mouse that targets the cells you’re interested in, you can mate it with a Cre reporter to get red, green, yellow, or even rainbow-colored fluorescence in those cells. If you prefer histology, ...
Boundary elements and nuclear organization
... for a variety of identified insulator elements (for a list of such elements, see West et al., 2002), suggestive of their role in preserving the separation between heterochromatin and euchromatin. Recently, the heterochromatic repressive chromatin has been characterized by several molecular marks, pr ...
... for a variety of identified insulator elements (for a list of such elements, see West et al., 2002), suggestive of their role in preserving the separation between heterochromatin and euchromatin. Recently, the heterochromatic repressive chromatin has been characterized by several molecular marks, pr ...
A genome screen for linkage in Australian sibling-pairs with
... may differ between populations (genetic heterogeneity). More importantly, the limited statistical power of individual linkage screens means that random variation is expected to play a large part in the final result. Since the power is influenced not only by the number of families studied but also by ...
... may differ between populations (genetic heterogeneity). More importantly, the limited statistical power of individual linkage screens means that random variation is expected to play a large part in the final result. Since the power is influenced not only by the number of families studied but also by ...
Molecular Biology Reports
... for 2 min, followed by 30 cycles of denaturation at 95 °C for 20 s, annealing at 64 °C for 30 s, polymerization at 72 °C for 30 s and a final extension at 72 °C for 10 min. PCR product was cloned into the pGEM-T Easy vector. The pGEM::IbLCY-b vector was digested with EcoRI and XhoI, and ligated into ...
... for 2 min, followed by 30 cycles of denaturation at 95 °C for 20 s, annealing at 64 °C for 30 s, polymerization at 72 °C for 30 s and a final extension at 72 °C for 10 min. PCR product was cloned into the pGEM-T Easy vector. The pGEM::IbLCY-b vector was digested with EcoRI and XhoI, and ligated into ...
Chapter 14 Mendel and the Gene Idea
... Four classes of gametes (YR, Yr, yR, and yr) would be produced in equal amounts. When sperm with four classes of alleles and ova with four classes of alleles combined, there would be 16 equally probable ways in which the alleles can combine in the F2 generation. These combinations produce four ...
... Four classes of gametes (YR, Yr, yR, and yr) would be produced in equal amounts. When sperm with four classes of alleles and ova with four classes of alleles combined, there would be 16 equally probable ways in which the alleles can combine in the F2 generation. These combinations produce four ...
Adherin - Semantic Scholar
... Coprinus cinereus is defective in meiotic DNA repair, chromatid cohesin and homolog pairing [1]; mis4 adherin mutants of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe display DNA repair and mitotic sister chromatid cohesion defects [2]; and scc2 adherin mutations in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cer ...
... Coprinus cinereus is defective in meiotic DNA repair, chromatid cohesin and homolog pairing [1]; mis4 adherin mutants of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe display DNA repair and mitotic sister chromatid cohesion defects [2]; and scc2 adherin mutations in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cer ...
"Hybrid Incompatibility in Drosophila: An Updated Genetic and
... complementary loci that have independently evolved in populations that never coexisted previously (Figure 2). Since then, much work has been done to advance our knowledge on the genetic and evolutionary bases of HIs. Here I will discuss an updated analysis of this topic, centering on Drosophila stud ...
... complementary loci that have independently evolved in populations that never coexisted previously (Figure 2). Since then, much work has been done to advance our knowledge on the genetic and evolutionary bases of HIs. Here I will discuss an updated analysis of this topic, centering on Drosophila stud ...
Birefringence imaging of spermatozoa, spindle and zona pellucida
... é was the h fi first to show h that h polarization l i i microscopy can be used to identify acrosome-reacted d spermatozoa (1981) ...
... é was the h fi first to show h that h polarization l i i microscopy can be used to identify acrosome-reacted d spermatozoa (1981) ...
Genetic control of broad-spectrum resistance to turnip mosaic virus
... was established and aligned with the B. rapa genome reference map using some of the RFLP probes. B1 individuals were self-pollinated to produce B1S1 families. The existence of two loci controlling resistance to TuMV isolate CDN 1 was established from contrasting patterns of segregation for resistanc ...
... was established and aligned with the B. rapa genome reference map using some of the RFLP probes. B1 individuals were self-pollinated to produce B1S1 families. The existence of two loci controlling resistance to TuMV isolate CDN 1 was established from contrasting patterns of segregation for resistanc ...
CTLA-4 gene expression is influenced by promoter and
... murine cytolytic T-cell cDNA library,5 and the gene encoding the molecule is in humans located on chromosome 2q33-q34, 25–150 kilobases from the CD28 gene, with which it shares extensive sequence homology.6 Expression of CTLA-4 is mainly restricted to CD4+ and CD8+ activated T-lymphocyte subsets,7 b ...
... murine cytolytic T-cell cDNA library,5 and the gene encoding the molecule is in humans located on chromosome 2q33-q34, 25–150 kilobases from the CD28 gene, with which it shares extensive sequence homology.6 Expression of CTLA-4 is mainly restricted to CD4+ and CD8+ activated T-lymphocyte subsets,7 b ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... hence is a very heterogeneous phenotype that may be affected by many environmental and other nongenetic factors. The relative contribution of additive genetic effects may be greater for more homogeneous phenotypes that describe specific aspects of aging and in turn may result in greater success in g ...
... hence is a very heterogeneous phenotype that may be affected by many environmental and other nongenetic factors. The relative contribution of additive genetic effects may be greater for more homogeneous phenotypes that describe specific aspects of aging and in turn may result in greater success in g ...
巴西橡胶Pto类抗病同源序列的克隆与系统发育重建
... their significant similarity with the tomato Pto disease resistance protein (E value <3e-53). The other five groups showed significant similarity to other types of STKs, which are described later in the text. Each group was designated by the name of a single clone representative of the group and use ...
... their significant similarity with the tomato Pto disease resistance protein (E value <3e-53). The other five groups showed significant similarity to other types of STKs, which are described later in the text. Each group was designated by the name of a single clone representative of the group and use ...
Wk12-DeanApop
... Further research? Other factors may be involved in HBx/FasL • Nuclear factors of activated T-cells (NFAT): evidence for FasL regulatory role • Interferon response factor (IGF): binds FasL promoter • Nur77: regulates FasL expression in presence of HBx (even though it doesn’t seem to interact with Fa ...
... Further research? Other factors may be involved in HBx/FasL • Nuclear factors of activated T-cells (NFAT): evidence for FasL regulatory role • Interferon response factor (IGF): binds FasL promoter • Nur77: regulates FasL expression in presence of HBx (even though it doesn’t seem to interact with Fa ...
Ribosomal proteins promote leaf adaxial identity
... extensively, and defects in these proteins can cause various kinds of diseases (Bilanges and Stokoe, 2007; Idol et al., 2007; Scheper et al., 2007) and developmental abnormalities (Oliver et al., 2004; Uechi et al., 2006; Marygold et al., 2007). Compared with those in animals, only a few ribosomal p ...
... extensively, and defects in these proteins can cause various kinds of diseases (Bilanges and Stokoe, 2007; Idol et al., 2007; Scheper et al., 2007) and developmental abnormalities (Oliver et al., 2004; Uechi et al., 2006; Marygold et al., 2007). Compared with those in animals, only a few ribosomal p ...
CHAPTER 14 MENDEL AND THE GENE IDEA
... They had purple flowers because the allele for that trait is dominant. 4. 4. Mendel’s law of segregation states that the two alleles for a heritable character separate and segregate during gamete production and end up in different gametes. This segregation of alleles corresponds to the distribut ...
... They had purple flowers because the allele for that trait is dominant. 4. 4. Mendel’s law of segregation states that the two alleles for a heritable character separate and segregate during gamete production and end up in different gametes. This segregation of alleles corresponds to the distribut ...
1 - bioRxiv
... mental retardation and constipation, where also different skewing ratios in different tissues have been found 66. The most frequent X-linked mental retardation syndrome is fragile X syndrome (OMIM: 300624), affecting 1 in 4000 males and 1 in 6000 females. Fragile X syndrome is characterized by menta ...
... mental retardation and constipation, where also different skewing ratios in different tissues have been found 66. The most frequent X-linked mental retardation syndrome is fragile X syndrome (OMIM: 300624), affecting 1 in 4000 males and 1 in 6000 females. Fragile X syndrome is characterized by menta ...
Gene expression profiling
In the field of molecular biology, gene expression profiling is the measurement of the activity (the expression) of thousands of genes at once, to create a global picture of cellular function. These profiles can, for example, distinguish between cells that are actively dividing, or show how the cells react to a particular treatment. Many experiments of this sort measure an entire genome simultaneously, that is, every gene present in a particular cell.DNA microarray technology measures the relative activity of previously identified target genes. Sequence based techniques, like serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE, SuperSAGE) are also used for gene expression profiling. SuperSAGE is especially accurate and can measure any active gene, not just a predefined set. The advent of next-generation sequencing has made sequence based expression analysis an increasingly popular, ""digital"" alternative to microarrays called RNA-Seq. However, microarrays are far more common, accounting for 17,000 PubMed articles by 2006.