Revisiting the Impact of Inversions in Evolution
... where the interacting loci reside (Nei 1967, Pepper 2003). Because inversion polymorphisms generate low recombination rates among the standard (noninverted) and inverted arrangements, they facilitate the spread of the coadapted alleles. Inversions carrying favorable alleles then spread to fixation un ...
... where the interacting loci reside (Nei 1967, Pepper 2003). Because inversion polymorphisms generate low recombination rates among the standard (noninverted) and inverted arrangements, they facilitate the spread of the coadapted alleles. Inversions carrying favorable alleles then spread to fixation un ...
Pharmacogenetics of warfarin: current status and future
... both Europeans and Afro-Americans) all lead to a reduction in warfarin dose requirement.39,40 S-warfarin may also be metabolized by CYP2C8, CYP2C18 and CYP2C19 to form 4-hydroxywarfarin, although these are minor pathways.28 The genes encoding these P450 isoforms contain many functional polymorphisms ...
... both Europeans and Afro-Americans) all lead to a reduction in warfarin dose requirement.39,40 S-warfarin may also be metabolized by CYP2C8, CYP2C18 and CYP2C19 to form 4-hydroxywarfarin, although these are minor pathways.28 The genes encoding these P450 isoforms contain many functional polymorphisms ...
as Adobe PDF - Edinburgh Research Explorer
... the specification of subtypes of VM in mice (Lettice et al. 1999) and flies (Azpiazu and Frasch 1993). This high level of functional conservation suggests that the underlying transcriptional circuitry governing VM development may also be conserved. To date, most progress has been made in elucidating ...
... the specification of subtypes of VM in mice (Lettice et al. 1999) and flies (Azpiazu and Frasch 1993). This high level of functional conservation suggests that the underlying transcriptional circuitry governing VM development may also be conserved. To date, most progress has been made in elucidating ...
Effete, a Drosophila chromatin-associated ubiquitin
... TPE suppressors has been a difficult task due the widespread presence of TAS deficiencies among Drosophila stocks and the allele specific differences among the mutations that suppress TPE (Boivin et al. 2003; Mason et al. 2004; Doheny et al. 2008). So far, only a few bona fide TPE suppressors have b ...
... TPE suppressors has been a difficult task due the widespread presence of TAS deficiencies among Drosophila stocks and the allele specific differences among the mutations that suppress TPE (Boivin et al. 2003; Mason et al. 2004; Doheny et al. 2008). So far, only a few bona fide TPE suppressors have b ...
Unconventional initiator tRNAs sustain Escherichia coli
... categories: initiator tRNA (of which there is a single representative) and elongator tRNAs (of which there are many representatives). As the name indicates, initiator tRNA acts at the first step of protein synthesis, initiation. It is distinct from elongator tRNAs both in the details of its sequence ...
... categories: initiator tRNA (of which there is a single representative) and elongator tRNAs (of which there are many representatives). As the name indicates, initiator tRNA acts at the first step of protein synthesis, initiation. It is distinct from elongator tRNAs both in the details of its sequence ...
Warren, ST and Ashley, CT: Triplet repeat expansion mutations: The example of fragile X syndrome. Annual Review of Neuroscience 18:77-99 (1995).
... might result from the inherent instability of this reiterated trinucleotide repeat, which would be reminiscent of other tandemly repeated sequences such as the highly polymorphic dinucleotide repeats (Weber 1990). Indeed, analysis of the eGG repeat of FMRl across normal populations revealed that it ...
... might result from the inherent instability of this reiterated trinucleotide repeat, which would be reminiscent of other tandemly repeated sequences such as the highly polymorphic dinucleotide repeats (Weber 1990). Indeed, analysis of the eGG repeat of FMRl across normal populations revealed that it ...
MyGene.info Documentation
... (e.g. those Ensembl-only genes). Here is an example. We recommend to use “entrezgene” field for the NCBI gene ID, and “ensembl.gene” field for Ensembl gene ID, instead of using “_id” field. Note: Regardless how the value of the “_id” field looks like, either NCBI gene ID or Ensembl gene ID always wo ...
... (e.g. those Ensembl-only genes). Here is an example. We recommend to use “entrezgene” field for the NCBI gene ID, and “ensembl.gene” field for Ensembl gene ID, instead of using “_id” field. Note: Regardless how the value of the “_id” field looks like, either NCBI gene ID or Ensembl gene ID always wo ...
The dilemma of dominance
... in forming organisms, then one is less likely to imagine cases of collaboration, cooperation or reconciliation in society – or to see them as viable.5 In decisionmaking contexts, equal voice or shared authority become ‘unnatural.’ A feminist perspective here may highlight how the concept is gendered ...
... in forming organisms, then one is less likely to imagine cases of collaboration, cooperation or reconciliation in society – or to see them as viable.5 In decisionmaking contexts, equal voice or shared authority become ‘unnatural.’ A feminist perspective here may highlight how the concept is gendered ...
Improvement of Aspergillus nidulans penicillin production by
... biological basis of the biosynthesis and the enormous complexity of its regulation. A. nidulans is amenable to many sophisticated molecular biological methods and in addition offers the great potential of classical genetics (Todd et al., 2007). The biochemical pathway of penicillin biosynthesis cons ...
... biological basis of the biosynthesis and the enormous complexity of its regulation. A. nidulans is amenable to many sophisticated molecular biological methods and in addition offers the great potential of classical genetics (Todd et al., 2007). The biochemical pathway of penicillin biosynthesis cons ...
CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS IN PLANTS C Robertson McClung
... It is often opined that death and taxes are the only two inescapable aspects of the human existence, but Ernest Hemingway correctly noted that “The Sun Also Rises” (50). Indeed, the daily rotation of the earth on its axis has meant that biological evolution has occurred in an environment that change ...
... It is often opined that death and taxes are the only two inescapable aspects of the human existence, but Ernest Hemingway correctly noted that “The Sun Also Rises” (50). Indeed, the daily rotation of the earth on its axis has meant that biological evolution has occurred in an environment that change ...
Calculating the Number of Genes
... – thus, tetrad formation and cellular function must be maintained for ...
... – thus, tetrad formation and cellular function must be maintained for ...
Ret/PTC3 is the most frequent form of gene rearrangement
... This remarkable contrast in LOH frequencies suggests a fundamental difference in the genetic basis of tumorigenesis in papillary thyroid carcinomas and other types of thyroid cancer. Three forms of TRK rearrangement have been reported in papillary thyroid carcinomas (Bongarzone et al. 1989), but in ...
... This remarkable contrast in LOH frequencies suggests a fundamental difference in the genetic basis of tumorigenesis in papillary thyroid carcinomas and other types of thyroid cancer. Three forms of TRK rearrangement have been reported in papillary thyroid carcinomas (Bongarzone et al. 1989), but in ...
The Genes of Watermelon
... Additional index words. Cucurbitaceae, Citrullus lanatus, gene mutant, morphological markers, vegetable breeding Abstract. Watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai] is a major vegetable crop in the world, accounting for 6.8% of the world area devoted to vegetable crops. Watermelon is a ...
... Additional index words. Cucurbitaceae, Citrullus lanatus, gene mutant, morphological markers, vegetable breeding Abstract. Watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai] is a major vegetable crop in the world, accounting for 6.8% of the world area devoted to vegetable crops. Watermelon is a ...
Identification of Plant Genes for Abiotic Stress Resistance
... transcription factor) could bind MYCRS (MYC recognition sequence) and MYBRS (MYB recognition sequence) elements, respectively, and could cooperatively activate the expression of the RD22 gene (Abe et al., 1997). As cold, salinity and drought stress ultimately impair the osmotic equilibrium of the ce ...
... transcription factor) could bind MYCRS (MYC recognition sequence) and MYBRS (MYB recognition sequence) elements, respectively, and could cooperatively activate the expression of the RD22 gene (Abe et al., 1997). As cold, salinity and drought stress ultimately impair the osmotic equilibrium of the ce ...
SALSA MLPA probemix P222-A2 LCA mix-2 - MRC
... all LCA cases. These mutations disrupt synthesis of cGMP in photoreceptor cells, a key second messenger required for function of these cells. The GUCY2D gene (20 exons) spans ~18 kb of genomic DNA and is located on chromosome 17p13.1, ~8 Mb from the p-telomere. The P222 probemix contains probes for ...
... all LCA cases. These mutations disrupt synthesis of cGMP in photoreceptor cells, a key second messenger required for function of these cells. The GUCY2D gene (20 exons) spans ~18 kb of genomic DNA and is located on chromosome 17p13.1, ~8 Mb from the p-telomere. The P222 probemix contains probes for ...
A novel role for the floral homeotic gene APETALA2
... cDNA synthesis with an oligo(dT) primer and SuperscriptIII reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen). After 1/10 dilution of the cDNA, 1 l was used as a template for the subsequent qPCR reactions. Relative changes in gene expression levels were determined using the 2⌬⌬-CT method. RNA levels were normalize ...
... cDNA synthesis with an oligo(dT) primer and SuperscriptIII reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen). After 1/10 dilution of the cDNA, 1 l was used as a template for the subsequent qPCR reactions. Relative changes in gene expression levels were determined using the 2⌬⌬-CT method. RNA levels were normalize ...
Duplication 12p and PallisterKillian syndrome
... mosaic state [Peltom€aki et al., 1987]. The PKS phenotype has also been observed in individuals with complete or partial duplications of 12p (trisomy 12p rather than tetrasomy 12p) as the result of an interstitial duplication or unbalanced translocation, although some patients with duplication of 12 ...
... mosaic state [Peltom€aki et al., 1987]. The PKS phenotype has also been observed in individuals with complete or partial duplications of 12p (trisomy 12p rather than tetrasomy 12p) as the result of an interstitial duplication or unbalanced translocation, although some patients with duplication of 12 ...
In Memoriam: Jacques Monod (1910–1976)
... during transcription, which is the first step, operon genes are copied in a single messenger RNA with a short life span and in the second step, this messenger RNA is translated into proteins via the ribosomes (fig. 6). At the beginning of the 1960s, the molecular mechanisms of repressor-inducer and ...
... during transcription, which is the first step, operon genes are copied in a single messenger RNA with a short life span and in the second step, this messenger RNA is translated into proteins via the ribosomes (fig. 6). At the beginning of the 1960s, the molecular mechanisms of repressor-inducer and ...
Richard Goldschmidt: hopeful monsters and other `heresies`
... Director of his own section of the Institute, Goldschmidt was free from teaching duties and could devote his full energy to research. Because the production of intersexes depended on the mating of different geographical varieties, Goldschmidt made three trips to Japan between 1914 and 1934 to collec ...
... Director of his own section of the Institute, Goldschmidt was free from teaching duties and could devote his full energy to research. Because the production of intersexes depended on the mating of different geographical varieties, Goldschmidt made three trips to Japan between 1914 and 1934 to collec ...
GENETICS Lois E Brenneman, MSN, ANP, FNP, C Historical
... DNA , chrom osom e dam age, etc. with the end result that a particular trait is expressed “out of the blue.” W here this trait is favorable, it m ay offer the individual a selective advantage or the opposite situation where the trait is a handicap. Achondroplastic dwarfism can occur as an inherited ...
... DNA , chrom osom e dam age, etc. with the end result that a particular trait is expressed “out of the blue.” W here this trait is favorable, it m ay offer the individual a selective advantage or the opposite situation where the trait is a handicap. Achondroplastic dwarfism can occur as an inherited ...
Engineering of Aromatic Amino Acid Metabolism in
... The main application field of amino acids nowadays is in food. About fifty percent of amino acids manufactured worldwide are applied in human food production (Fig. 2). The amino acids with the largest market volumes are glutamic acid, lysine and methionine (64) (Table 1). The microbial production of ...
... The main application field of amino acids nowadays is in food. About fifty percent of amino acids manufactured worldwide are applied in human food production (Fig. 2). The amino acids with the largest market volumes are glutamic acid, lysine and methionine (64) (Table 1). The microbial production of ...
Advances in Environmental Biology Escherichia coli from Frozen Bovine Meat in Algeria
... For example, in 2005, about 35% of E. coli O157: H7 isolated from meat and meat products in Gabone, Botswana, were resistant to cephalothin, sulfatriad, colistin sulfate and tetracycline [31]. In Korea one study found a rate of 71% resistance to at least one antibiotic and is the highest rate was re ...
... For example, in 2005, about 35% of E. coli O157: H7 isolated from meat and meat products in Gabone, Botswana, were resistant to cephalothin, sulfatriad, colistin sulfate and tetracycline [31]. In Korea one study found a rate of 71% resistance to at least one antibiotic and is the highest rate was re ...
3 Citrate metabolism and aroma compound production in lactic acid
... permeases of LAB, CitM of Streptococcus mutans [25] and CitH of Enterococcus faecalis [26]. Although the enterococcal CitH shares 75% sequence homology with the streptococcal CitM, the uptake of citrate complex is different in these micro-organisms. In En. faecalis citrate is co-transported with Ca2 ...
... permeases of LAB, CitM of Streptococcus mutans [25] and CitH of Enterococcus faecalis [26]. Although the enterococcal CitH shares 75% sequence homology with the streptococcal CitM, the uptake of citrate complex is different in these micro-organisms. In En. faecalis citrate is co-transported with Ca2 ...
Minimal metabolic pathway structure is consistent with
... networks of Escherichia coli (Orth et al, 2011) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Mo et al, 2009). They contain 750 and 332 pathways, respectively, representing the dimensions of the two null spaces (see Supplementary Dataset S1). For each calculated MinSpan pathway, we grouped the “gene-protein-reactio ...
... networks of Escherichia coli (Orth et al, 2011) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Mo et al, 2009). They contain 750 and 332 pathways, respectively, representing the dimensions of the two null spaces (see Supplementary Dataset S1). For each calculated MinSpan pathway, we grouped the “gene-protein-reactio ...
Gene
A gene is a locus (or region) of DNA that encodes a functional RNA or protein product, and is the molecular unit of heredity. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different genes) as well as the gene–environment interactions. Some genetic traits are instantly visible, such as eye colour or number of limbs, and some are not, such as blood type, risk for specific diseases, or the thousands of basic biochemical processes that comprise life.Genes can acquire mutations in their sequence, leading to different variants, known as alleles, in the population. These alleles encode slightly different versions of a protein, which cause different phenotype traits. Colloquial usage of the term ""having a gene"" (e.g., ""good genes,"" ""hair colour gene"") typically refers to having a different allele of the gene. Genes evolve due to natural selection or survival of the fittest of the alleles.The concept of a gene continues to be refined as new phenomena are discovered. For example, regulatory regions of a gene can be far removed from its coding regions, and coding regions can be split into several exons. Some viruses store their genome in RNA instead of DNA and some gene products are functional non-coding RNAs. Therefore, a broad, modern working definition of a gene is any discrete locus of heritable, genomic sequence which affect an organism's traits by being expressed as a functional product or by regulation of gene expression.