DNA Microarrays (Gene Chips) and Cancer - URMC
... expressed (turned on) in different cells under different conditions. When a gene is expressed, the genetic instructions coded in its DNA are transcribed (copied) to make messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules; then the coded instructions in messenger RNA are translated by the ribosome to make a specific pro ...
... expressed (turned on) in different cells under different conditions. When a gene is expressed, the genetic instructions coded in its DNA are transcribed (copied) to make messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules; then the coded instructions in messenger RNA are translated by the ribosome to make a specific pro ...
Expression and V (D) J recombination activity of mutated RAG
... that was previously developed in this laboratory ([7]). A combination of plasmid DNAs can be delivered to recipient cells to provide the V(D)J reaction substrate as well as sources of RAG-1 and RAG-2. In fibroblasts, mRNA derived from expression of the endogenous RAG loci is not detectable ([2]), so ...
... that was previously developed in this laboratory ([7]). A combination of plasmid DNAs can be delivered to recipient cells to provide the V(D)J reaction substrate as well as sources of RAG-1 and RAG-2. In fibroblasts, mRNA derived from expression of the endogenous RAG loci is not detectable ([2]), so ...
Meiosis
... The number of possible chromosome combinations in the haploid nuclei is potentially very large. In general, the number of possible chromosome combinations is 2n, where n is the number of chromosome pairs. For example, in fruit flies, which have 4 chromosome pairs, the number of possible combinations ...
... The number of possible chromosome combinations in the haploid nuclei is potentially very large. In general, the number of possible chromosome combinations is 2n, where n is the number of chromosome pairs. For example, in fruit flies, which have 4 chromosome pairs, the number of possible combinations ...
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... These plants were “true-breeding,” meaning that they were selfpollinating, and would produce offspring identical to themselves. In other words, the traits of each successive generation would be the same. A trait is a specific characteristic, such as seed color or plant height, of an individual. Many ...
... These plants were “true-breeding,” meaning that they were selfpollinating, and would produce offspring identical to themselves. In other words, the traits of each successive generation would be the same. A trait is a specific characteristic, such as seed color or plant height, of an individual. Many ...
KS4 Biology
... A test cross is carried out between the flower of unknown genotype and another flower whose genotype is known. For example, a yellow flower can only have the genotype rr ...
... A test cross is carried out between the flower of unknown genotype and another flower whose genotype is known. For example, a yellow flower can only have the genotype rr ...
Microarrays and Cancer - URMC
... expressed (turned on) in different cells under different conditions. When a gene is expressed, the genetic instructions coded in its DNA are transcribed (copied) to make messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules; then the coded instructions in messenger RNA are translated by the ribosome to make a specific pro ...
... expressed (turned on) in different cells under different conditions. When a gene is expressed, the genetic instructions coded in its DNA are transcribed (copied) to make messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules; then the coded instructions in messenger RNA are translated by the ribosome to make a specific pro ...
Inheritance
... Inheritance introduction To understand how inheritance works you need to know: the definition of certain genetic terms, ...
... Inheritance introduction To understand how inheritance works you need to know: the definition of certain genetic terms, ...
Reduced penetrance in human inherited disease
... 36–39 copies is often associated with reduced penetrance and later age of onset of clinical symptoms [27]. 2.2. Variation in gene expression and penetrance Humans are characterised by marked inter-individual variation in levels of expression of their genes even in members of the same family which ca ...
... 36–39 copies is often associated with reduced penetrance and later age of onset of clinical symptoms [27]. 2.2. Variation in gene expression and penetrance Humans are characterised by marked inter-individual variation in levels of expression of their genes even in members of the same family which ca ...
En/Spm-LIKE TRANSPOSONS IN POACEAE SPECIES
... at their TIR termini and were found in a variety of distantly related species [9-13], but only a few elements were characterized at the molecular level [7, 8]. For Arabidopsis, where the system was shown to transpose with high efficiency, En/Spm-mutagenised populations were developed and successfull ...
... at their TIR termini and were found in a variety of distantly related species [9-13], but only a few elements were characterized at the molecular level [7, 8]. For Arabidopsis, where the system was shown to transpose with high efficiency, En/Spm-mutagenised populations were developed and successfull ...
Isolation, cloning and sequence analysis of the lactate
... tropical theileriosis and genomic DNA was extracted following the confirmation of the clinical diagnosis. For the first time, in this study, the lactate dehydrogenase sequence was isolated from from a Theileria species. Following extraction from genomic DNA by PCR the sequence was cloned into the ve ...
... tropical theileriosis and genomic DNA was extracted following the confirmation of the clinical diagnosis. For the first time, in this study, the lactate dehydrogenase sequence was isolated from from a Theileria species. Following extraction from genomic DNA by PCR the sequence was cloned into the ve ...
Variations on a theme: Genomics of sex
... XX-XY sex-determining system, sequences present on the Y but absent from the X chromosome should have sequence coverage only in males, whereas sequences in an X-limited region should be twice as frequent in XX females compared to XY males. In contrast, sequences in pseudo-autosomal regions (PARs), s ...
... XX-XY sex-determining system, sequences present on the Y but absent from the X chromosome should have sequence coverage only in males, whereas sequences in an X-limited region should be twice as frequent in XX females compared to XY males. In contrast, sequences in pseudo-autosomal regions (PARs), s ...
seq.
... Paralogs: “deepest” bifurcation in molecular tree reflects gene duplication. The study of paralogs and their distribution in genomes provides clues on the way genomes evolved. Gen and genome duplication have emerged as the most important pathway to molecular innovation, including the evolution of de ...
... Paralogs: “deepest” bifurcation in molecular tree reflects gene duplication. The study of paralogs and their distribution in genomes provides clues on the way genomes evolved. Gen and genome duplication have emerged as the most important pathway to molecular innovation, including the evolution of de ...
Systematic Mutational Analysis of the Yeast ACT1 Gene.
... is far removed from the first two (glutamate 259 to valine [E259V]). These three should represent only a small fraction of the many potential binding and otherfunctional domains of the protein. Recently, powerful general techniques for systematic mutagenesis of protein coding sequenceshave beendevel ...
... is far removed from the first two (glutamate 259 to valine [E259V]). These three should represent only a small fraction of the many potential binding and otherfunctional domains of the protein. Recently, powerful general techniques for systematic mutagenesis of protein coding sequenceshave beendevel ...
Genetic Markers for Sex Identification in Forensic DNA Analysis
... tooth enamel. Mutations in the AMEL locus can lead to the enamel defect known as amelogenesis imperfecta, which results in the abnormal formation of tooth enamel [3]. The AMEL locus has two homologous genes: AMELX, which is located on the distal short arm of the X chromosome in the p22.1-p22.3 regio ...
... tooth enamel. Mutations in the AMEL locus can lead to the enamel defect known as amelogenesis imperfecta, which results in the abnormal formation of tooth enamel [3]. The AMEL locus has two homologous genes: AMELX, which is located on the distal short arm of the X chromosome in the p22.1-p22.3 regio ...
Methylation Dynamics in the Early Mammalian Embryo: Implications
... Fig. 1 A–D A, B Parent-specific genome methylation patterns in early mouse embryos. Nuclei were stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated anti-mC antibody (green) and counterstained with 4 -6 -diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (blue). A One-cell embryo during first mitosis. The maternal ...
... Fig. 1 A–D A, B Parent-specific genome methylation patterns in early mouse embryos. Nuclei were stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated anti-mC antibody (green) and counterstained with 4 -6 -diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (blue). A One-cell embryo during first mitosis. The maternal ...
Methylation Dynamics in the Early Mammalian Embryo - Beck-Shop
... Fig. 1 A–D A, B Parent-specific genome methylation patterns in early mouse embryos. Nuclei were stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated anti-mC antibody (green) and counterstained with 4 -6 -diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (blue). A One-cell embryo during first mitosis. The maternal ...
... Fig. 1 A–D A, B Parent-specific genome methylation patterns in early mouse embryos. Nuclei were stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated anti-mC antibody (green) and counterstained with 4 -6 -diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (blue). A One-cell embryo during first mitosis. The maternal ...
Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) Analysis
... contexts because these phenotypes are polygenic, just like more traditional organismal phenotypes, such as yield in corn. For example, transcript abundance is controlled not just by cisacting sequences like the promoter, but also by potentially unlinked, trans-acting transcription factors. Similarly ...
... contexts because these phenotypes are polygenic, just like more traditional organismal phenotypes, such as yield in corn. For example, transcript abundance is controlled not just by cisacting sequences like the promoter, but also by potentially unlinked, trans-acting transcription factors. Similarly ...
Answers - Study of Life
... Insulin injected by diabetics to control blood sugar levels is derived from bacteria whose DNA has been modified by the addition of the human gene for insulin, which is then produced by the prokaryotes. This is an example of: A. acid therapy B. cloning C. genetic engineering D. gene therapy E. pluri ...
... Insulin injected by diabetics to control blood sugar levels is derived from bacteria whose DNA has been modified by the addition of the human gene for insulin, which is then produced by the prokaryotes. This is an example of: A. acid therapy B. cloning C. genetic engineering D. gene therapy E. pluri ...
Molecular function - SGD-Wiki - Saccharomyces Genome Database
... products, for example, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase activity or protein serine/threonine kinase activity. Biological process: the broad biological goals, such as mitosis or DNA replication, that are accomplished by ordered assemblies of molecular functions. Cellular component: subcellular structur ...
... products, for example, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase activity or protein serine/threonine kinase activity. Biological process: the broad biological goals, such as mitosis or DNA replication, that are accomplished by ordered assemblies of molecular functions. Cellular component: subcellular structur ...
controlling flowering time and plant height in
... DNA (Graner et at., 1991); Xwg, wheat genomic DNA (Heun et at., 1991); Xbcd, barley cDNA (Heun ...
... DNA (Graner et at., 1991); Xwg, wheat genomic DNA (Heun et at., 1991); Xbcd, barley cDNA (Heun ...
Genetic crosses - thephysicsteacher.ie
... free-living bacteria. At human fertilisation, only the head of the sperm enters the egg. Each offspring gets a nucleus from the male parent and a nucleus plus cytoplasm from the female parent. Mitochondria are inherited from the female only. Mitochondrial DNA has been used as a molecular clock to st ...
... free-living bacteria. At human fertilisation, only the head of the sperm enters the egg. Each offspring gets a nucleus from the male parent and a nucleus plus cytoplasm from the female parent. Mitochondria are inherited from the female only. Mitochondrial DNA has been used as a molecular clock to st ...
Chromosomal Mutations - Virtual Learning Environment
... Source: ILLL in house Gene Redundancy and Amplification—Ribosomal RNA Genes Duplication of chromosomal segments has the potential to amplify the number of copies of individual genes. This has clearly been the case with the gene encoding ribosomal RNA, which is needed in large amounts to support prot ...
... Source: ILLL in house Gene Redundancy and Amplification—Ribosomal RNA Genes Duplication of chromosomal segments has the potential to amplify the number of copies of individual genes. This has clearly been the case with the gene encoding ribosomal RNA, which is needed in large amounts to support prot ...
Genetic Characteristic of the Usual Form of the Polydactyl Gene in
... study two extra toed female cats were breed to nonpolys in a control laboratory setting. The off springs were then mated in various combinations. According to the study “the breedings produced 234 normal and polydactyl kittens in 55 litters bred in the course of the study.”…”Since in the guinea pig ...
... study two extra toed female cats were breed to nonpolys in a control laboratory setting. The off springs were then mated in various combinations. According to the study “the breedings produced 234 normal and polydactyl kittens in 55 litters bred in the course of the study.”…”Since in the guinea pig ...
Gene
A gene is a locus (or region) of DNA that encodes a functional RNA or protein product, and is the molecular unit of heredity. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different genes) as well as the gene–environment interactions. Some genetic traits are instantly visible, such as eye colour or number of limbs, and some are not, such as blood type, risk for specific diseases, or the thousands of basic biochemical processes that comprise life.Genes can acquire mutations in their sequence, leading to different variants, known as alleles, in the population. These alleles encode slightly different versions of a protein, which cause different phenotype traits. Colloquial usage of the term ""having a gene"" (e.g., ""good genes,"" ""hair colour gene"") typically refers to having a different allele of the gene. Genes evolve due to natural selection or survival of the fittest of the alleles.The concept of a gene continues to be refined as new phenomena are discovered. For example, regulatory regions of a gene can be far removed from its coding regions, and coding regions can be split into several exons. Some viruses store their genome in RNA instead of DNA and some gene products are functional non-coding RNAs. Therefore, a broad, modern working definition of a gene is any discrete locus of heritable, genomic sequence which affect an organism's traits by being expressed as a functional product or by regulation of gene expression.