Chapter 51: Behavioral Ecology - Phelps
... Operant conditioning/trial & error learning- animal associates one of its own behaviors with reward or punishment ...
... Operant conditioning/trial & error learning- animal associates one of its own behaviors with reward or punishment ...
sisters
... Queen is equally related to sons and daughters (r = 1/2) -she will favor a 1:1 sex ratio (equal # of daughters and sons) Workers have r = 3/4 with sisters, but only r = 1/4 with brothers -their fitness will be maximized when the queen produces a 3:1 sex ratio (more daughters than sons) Who wins the ...
... Queen is equally related to sons and daughters (r = 1/2) -she will favor a 1:1 sex ratio (equal # of daughters and sons) Workers have r = 3/4 with sisters, but only r = 1/4 with brothers -their fitness will be maximized when the queen produces a 3:1 sex ratio (more daughters than sons) Who wins the ...
Darwin vs. Lamarck
... short necks could not reach upper branches and did not survive (couldn’t pass on genes) Long neck giraffes survived & reproduced because they were able to reach the food ...
... short necks could not reach upper branches and did not survive (couldn’t pass on genes) Long neck giraffes survived & reproduced because they were able to reach the food ...
Hardy Weinberg Equiibrium with more than 2 alleles
... do not look right coots prevent themselves from being parasitized. ...
... do not look right coots prevent themselves from being parasitized. ...
7. The Evolution of Sex
... Sex is costly and dangerous • Energetic costs: mate finding, courtship, male male competition • Increased predation risk • Disease: STDs • Genetic cost: sexual reproduction means that a parent passes on only 1/2 of its genes to offspring • Demographic cost: all other things being equal, an asexual ...
... Sex is costly and dangerous • Energetic costs: mate finding, courtship, male male competition • Increased predation risk • Disease: STDs • Genetic cost: sexual reproduction means that a parent passes on only 1/2 of its genes to offspring • Demographic cost: all other things being equal, an asexual ...
Chapter 16 Kin selection (in class version)
... do not look right coots prevent themselves from being parasitized. ...
... do not look right coots prevent themselves from being parasitized. ...
Hardy Weinberg Equiibrium with more than 2 alleles
... than investing in the current one, while the current offspring will disagree. This leads to a period of conflict called weaning. ...
... than investing in the current one, while the current offspring will disagree. This leads to a period of conflict called weaning. ...
Hardy Weinberg Equiibrium with more than 2 alleles
... larval survival post-metamorphic growth ...
... larval survival post-metamorphic growth ...
Document
... Exploitation Competition, Competitive Exclusion, Resource Partitioning, Realized Niche, Fundamental Niche, Predator-Prey Relationship (in food chain or web arrows go towards higher trophic level) ...
... Exploitation Competition, Competitive Exclusion, Resource Partitioning, Realized Niche, Fundamental Niche, Predator-Prey Relationship (in food chain or web arrows go towards higher trophic level) ...
Chapter 6 Primate Behavior
... A type of natural selection that operates on one sex, usually males. Long-term, this increases the frequency of traits that lead to greater success in acquiring mates. Sexual selection in primates is most common in species in which mating is polygynous and male competition for females is prominent. ...
... A type of natural selection that operates on one sex, usually males. Long-term, this increases the frequency of traits that lead to greater success in acquiring mates. Sexual selection in primates is most common in species in which mating is polygynous and male competition for females is prominent. ...
FRANÇOIS` LEAF MONKEY
... COMMUNICATION AND OTHER BEHAVIOR One male leads a family group of 3 - 12 individuals, including 4 - 6 females and several young. Family groups sleep outside in mild weather and in caves during cold winters. Members spend most of their time in the trees, although animals will travel on the ground be ...
... COMMUNICATION AND OTHER BEHAVIOR One male leads a family group of 3 - 12 individuals, including 4 - 6 females and several young. Family groups sleep outside in mild weather and in caves during cold winters. Members spend most of their time in the trees, although animals will travel on the ground be ...
Mechanisms of Evolution and Their Effects on
... have occurred in a population of bentgrass over a period of time. Use your understanding of the three types of natural selection (stabilizing, directional, disruptive) to identify the type of selection that is acting on this bentgrass population. ...
... have occurred in a population of bentgrass over a period of time. Use your understanding of the three types of natural selection (stabilizing, directional, disruptive) to identify the type of selection that is acting on this bentgrass population. ...
Animal Behavior
... Certainty of paternity influences parental care and mating behavior – Paternal certainty is relatively __________ in species with internal fertilization because mating and birth are separated over time – Certainty of paternity is much ___________ when egg laying and mating occur together, as in exte ...
... Certainty of paternity influences parental care and mating behavior – Paternal certainty is relatively __________ in species with internal fertilization because mating and birth are separated over time – Certainty of paternity is much ___________ when egg laying and mating occur together, as in exte ...
Chapter 51 Mini Notes
... Q3. How does the behavior aid survival and reproduction? Q4. What is the behavior’s evolutionary history? 3. Causes of behavior a. Proximate causation- How a behavior happens; Most immediate reason for it 1) Environmental stimuli that trigger a behavior 2) Genetic, physiological, and anatomical mech ...
... Q3. How does the behavior aid survival and reproduction? Q4. What is the behavior’s evolutionary history? 3. Causes of behavior a. Proximate causation- How a behavior happens; Most immediate reason for it 1) Environmental stimuli that trigger a behavior 2) Genetic, physiological, and anatomical mech ...
Chapter 51 Behavioral Biology
... Explain how habituation may influence behavior. Describe Tinbergen’s classic experiment on spatial learning in digger wasps. Describe how associative learning might help a predator to avoid toxic prey. Distinguish between classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Describe an experiment that d ...
... Explain how habituation may influence behavior. Describe Tinbergen’s classic experiment on spatial learning in digger wasps. Describe how associative learning might help a predator to avoid toxic prey. Distinguish between classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Describe an experiment that d ...
51_DetailLectOut_jkAR
... Proximate mechanisms produce behaviors that evolved because they increase fitness in some way. For example, increased day length has little adaptive significance for red-crowned cranes, but because it corresponds to seasonal conditions that increase reproductive success, such as the availability ...
... Proximate mechanisms produce behaviors that evolved because they increase fitness in some way. For example, increased day length has little adaptive significance for red-crowned cranes, but because it corresponds to seasonal conditions that increase reproductive success, such as the availability ...
Exam II Answer Key
... For ex: Male woodpeckers build nest cavities so females can invest resources into parental care. In hornbills, female are completely dependent on males to provide them with food when the former are enclosed in cavities with young. W/o the male reprod success will be zero. Last, numerous studies have ...
... For ex: Male woodpeckers build nest cavities so females can invest resources into parental care. In hornbills, female are completely dependent on males to provide them with food when the former are enclosed in cavities with young. W/o the male reprod success will be zero. Last, numerous studies have ...
Mantis shrimp: Still the fastest claw in the west!
... deeper, the species specific signal remains yellowgreen. Receptors in the eye are tuned to yellow-green. ...
... deeper, the species specific signal remains yellowgreen. Receptors in the eye are tuned to yellow-green. ...
Lecture 2 Reproduction
... • Males – a whole lot of little cheap sperm • Magnitude of sperm production favors fertilization of eggs from many females • Males do not need to find quality mates, rather quantity mates ...
... • Males – a whole lot of little cheap sperm • Magnitude of sperm production favors fertilization of eggs from many females • Males do not need to find quality mates, rather quantity mates ...
Amphibian Courtship and Mating Goal of the Lecture Lecture Structure
... •Stimulate by gently applying pressure with thumb and forefingers to axillary region ...
... •Stimulate by gently applying pressure with thumb and forefingers to axillary region ...
2016 Week 5 - Sensory Biology - Chemoreception 2
... “A number of different hypotheses have been proposed for the evolution of schreckstoff.[14] The first hypothesis is that the evolution of schreckstoff has been driven by kin selection. Support for this hypothesis would include evidence that individuals live in groups of closely related kin and that ...
... “A number of different hypotheses have been proposed for the evolution of schreckstoff.[14] The first hypothesis is that the evolution of schreckstoff has been driven by kin selection. Support for this hypothesis would include evidence that individuals live in groups of closely related kin and that ...
Behavioral ecology
Behavioral ecology is the study of the evolutionary basis for animal behavior due to ecological pressures. Behavioral ecology emerged from ethology after Niko Tinbergen outlined four questions to address when studying animal behavior which are the proximate causes, ontogeny, survival value, and phylogeny of behavior.If an organism has a trait which provides them with a selective advantage (i.e. has an adaptive significance) in a new environment natural selection will likely favor it. This was originally proposed as the theory of natural selection by Charles Darwin. Adaptive significance therefore refers to the beneficial qualities, in terms of increased survival and reproduction, a trait conveys. Genetic differences in individuals lead to behavioral differences that in turn drive differences in adaptation, reproductive success, and ultimately evolution.Individuals are always in competition with others for limited resources, including food, territories, and mates. Conflict will occur between predators and prey, between rivals for mates, between siblings, mates, and even between parents and their offspring.