Table of Contents - Milan Area Schools
... has grown too large for its nest site, recruiter ants look for a new site. • A recruiter returns to the nest and releases a pheromone that attracts a second recruiter, and both visit the new site. Then a third recruiter is brought in, and so on. • Once a threshold number of workers has been recruite ...
... has grown too large for its nest site, recruiter ants look for a new site. • A recruiter returns to the nest and releases a pheromone that attracts a second recruiter, and both visit the new site. Then a third recruiter is brought in, and so on. • Once a threshold number of workers has been recruite ...
Physalaemus pustulosus
... advertisement calls is therefore a compromise between sexual selection, operating as female choice to favor more complex calls, and natural selection in the form of predation by the bat, favoring simple calls that are difficult for predators to locate. Thus, when few males are calling and there is l ...
... advertisement calls is therefore a compromise between sexual selection, operating as female choice to favor more complex calls, and natural selection in the form of predation by the bat, favoring simple calls that are difficult for predators to locate. Thus, when few males are calling and there is l ...
lecture 15 – visual communication
... C. Females, generally, are much more “choosy” than males. This is because, ultimately, they have more invested per reproductive event because female sex cells (eggs) are larger, more energetically costly, and therefore more rare and valuable than male sex cells (sperm). Thus, females have more at ri ...
... C. Females, generally, are much more “choosy” than males. This is because, ultimately, they have more invested per reproductive event because female sex cells (eggs) are larger, more energetically costly, and therefore more rare and valuable than male sex cells (sperm). Thus, females have more at ri ...
Perpetuation of genes defines evolutionary fitness
... Coloration of African Swallowtail – extremes mimic unpalatable species; most common / non-mimic becomes easy prey ...
... Coloration of African Swallowtail – extremes mimic unpalatable species; most common / non-mimic becomes easy prey ...
chapter 51
... Most newly hatched birds cannot care for themselves and require a large, continuous food supply that a single parent cannot provide. In such cases, a male will have more successful offspring if he helps his partner to rear their chicks than if he goes off to seek more mates. This is why most bir ...
... Most newly hatched birds cannot care for themselves and require a large, continuous food supply that a single parent cannot provide. In such cases, a male will have more successful offspring if he helps his partner to rear their chicks than if he goes off to seek more mates. This is why most bir ...
homosexual mating behavior in male doryonychus raptor
... spiders in the families Salticidae and Lycosida e (Bristowe 1929) . Homosexual mounting or mating behaviors, however, have, to my knowledge , never been documented in spiders . An elaborate mutual courtship is usually a nec essary component of sexual interactions between spiders, and serves one or a ...
... spiders in the families Salticidae and Lycosida e (Bristowe 1929) . Homosexual mounting or mating behaviors, however, have, to my knowledge , never been documented in spiders . An elaborate mutual courtship is usually a nec essary component of sexual interactions between spiders, and serves one or a ...
Lecture 10 Sexual Conflict 4 slides per page
... 1. Females can preferentially choose sperm from specific males to use to fertilize their eggs. This is known as cryptic female choice. 2. When female feral fowls are forced to mate with subordinate males they will eject his sperm immediately after copulation. 3. Experiments by Tregenze et al. on fie ...
... 1. Females can preferentially choose sperm from specific males to use to fertilize their eggs. This is known as cryptic female choice. 2. When female feral fowls are forced to mate with subordinate males they will eject his sperm immediately after copulation. 3. Experiments by Tregenze et al. on fie ...
- Wiley Online Library
... charm the female has sometimes been more important than the power to conquer other males in battle” (Darwin 1871). Since his pioneering work, the field of sexual selection has exploded as biologists strive to understand how females bias fertilization towards preferred males. In the context of geneti ...
... charm the female has sometimes been more important than the power to conquer other males in battle” (Darwin 1871). Since his pioneering work, the field of sexual selection has exploded as biologists strive to understand how females bias fertilization towards preferred males. In the context of geneti ...
Notes - Dr. Bruce Owen
... − and it is to the benefit of any male around to be the father − so among females, there is not much variation in success at mating − so there is not much selection pressure for females to attract mates in general − females of some species may be picky about choosing a mate (depends on species and p ...
... − and it is to the benefit of any male around to be the father − so among females, there is not much variation in success at mating − so there is not much selection pressure for females to attract mates in general − females of some species may be picky about choosing a mate (depends on species and p ...
Sexual selection
... Males that have great territories - also have great numbers of females, - but they suffer from extra-territorial copulations. Males that have small territories - also have small numbers of females, - but can enhance their reproductive success through extra-territorial copulations (related to the ...
... Males that have great territories - also have great numbers of females, - but they suffer from extra-territorial copulations. Males that have small territories - also have small numbers of females, - but can enhance their reproductive success through extra-territorial copulations (related to the ...
Answers to Mastering Concepts Questions
... fitness of an unrelated individual. An animal with reduced fitness has fewer offspring surviving to maturity; therefore, an altruistic behavior would be selected against, as individuals without the behavior would have more surviving offspring. 11. What are some of the costs and benefits of associati ...
... fitness of an unrelated individual. An animal with reduced fitness has fewer offspring surviving to maturity; therefore, an altruistic behavior would be selected against, as individuals without the behavior would have more surviving offspring. 11. What are some of the costs and benefits of associati ...
Reptile Reproduction
... Charnov–Bull model predicts that selection should favor TSD over chromosomebased systems when "the developmental environment differentially influences male versus female fitness“… ...
... Charnov–Bull model predicts that selection should favor TSD over chromosomebased systems when "the developmental environment differentially influences male versus female fitness“… ...
Sexual Selection - Environmental Science Institute
... from Cornell University. Since that time, Dr. Ryan has established himself as a leading expert in the evolution and mechanisms of animal behavior, with particular emphasis on communication and sexual selection. To date, he has written a book on communication in tungara frogs, is the editor of two mo ...
... from Cornell University. Since that time, Dr. Ryan has established himself as a leading expert in the evolution and mechanisms of animal behavior, with particular emphasis on communication and sexual selection. To date, he has written a book on communication in tungara frogs, is the editor of two mo ...
Chapter 5
... coloration, enhanced combat structures • Female choice often involved; selection for fit males (good genes hypothesis) ...
... coloration, enhanced combat structures • Female choice often involved; selection for fit males (good genes hypothesis) ...
Introduction to Biological Anthropology: Notes 12
... − say a typical female can have five offspring − then if just one dies, her reproductive success is reduced substantially (20%) − or if she can manage to have one more, it amounts to significantly more of her genes in the next generation − vs. a male, who could theoretically have hundreds of offspri ...
... − say a typical female can have five offspring − then if just one dies, her reproductive success is reduced substantially (20%) − or if she can manage to have one more, it amounts to significantly more of her genes in the next generation − vs. a male, who could theoretically have hundreds of offspri ...
35_Conservation
... vertebrate species, which usually reproduce after fusion of male and female gametes. Here we use genetic fingerprinting to identify parthenogenetic offspring produced by two female Komodo dragons ( Varanus komodoensis ) that had been kept at separate institutions and isolated from males; one of thes ...
... vertebrate species, which usually reproduce after fusion of male and female gametes. Here we use genetic fingerprinting to identify parthenogenetic offspring produced by two female Komodo dragons ( Varanus komodoensis ) that had been kept at separate institutions and isolated from males; one of thes ...
Natural selection can only operate on the material
... This sequence of changes is an evolutionary pathway. ...
... This sequence of changes is an evolutionary pathway. ...
Lecture 7 Intrasexual Selection 4 slides per page
... of the other sex. The result is not death to the unsuccessful competitor, but few or no offspring.” from The Origin of the Species ...
... of the other sex. The result is not death to the unsuccessful competitor, but few or no offspring.” from The Origin of the Species ...
PGS: 454 – 458
... Some mutations are helpful to a species, but most are harmful and therefore the cell or organism usually dies. D. Competition 1. Competition occurs because there is an overproduction in a species’ population. 2. Resources available (food, nesting sites, mates, etc.) are limited in number and because ...
... Some mutations are helpful to a species, but most are harmful and therefore the cell or organism usually dies. D. Competition 1. Competition occurs because there is an overproduction in a species’ population. 2. Resources available (food, nesting sites, mates, etc.) are limited in number and because ...
Evolution
... their bodies against them in a way that makes it difficult to breathe. This behaviour activates a cloacal gaping response ...
... their bodies against them in a way that makes it difficult to breathe. This behaviour activates a cloacal gaping response ...
Breeding Strategies of Tropical Birds
... Birds exhibit a diversity of mating systems, which range from stable formation of social pair bonds to cases in which the only social contact between males and females is for fertilization. Interestingly, although polygamy is the rule among animals, only 10% of bird species have non-monogamous matin ...
... Birds exhibit a diversity of mating systems, which range from stable formation of social pair bonds to cases in which the only social contact between males and females is for fertilization. Interestingly, although polygamy is the rule among animals, only 10% of bird species have non-monogamous matin ...
• Sexual selection thought to be equally important as natural
... counter costs • Enhances genetic diversity • Clones tend to be of average fitness • Increasing genetic variability produces a wider array of phenotypes – more likely to produce “superfit” individual. ...
... counter costs • Enhances genetic diversity • Clones tend to be of average fitness • Increasing genetic variability produces a wider array of phenotypes – more likely to produce “superfit” individual. ...
Costs and benefits of behavior
... Costs of social behavior • Disease • Interspecific competition for food and other resources ...
... Costs of social behavior • Disease • Interspecific competition for food and other resources ...
Perpetuation of genes defines evolutionary fitness
... ◦ Organisms that are best suited for their environment will have a better chance to survive allowing them to reproduce and pass on their traits that made them better suited for survival. ...
... ◦ Organisms that are best suited for their environment will have a better chance to survive allowing them to reproduce and pass on their traits that made them better suited for survival. ...
Behavioral ecology
Behavioral ecology is the study of the evolutionary basis for animal behavior due to ecological pressures. Behavioral ecology emerged from ethology after Niko Tinbergen outlined four questions to address when studying animal behavior which are the proximate causes, ontogeny, survival value, and phylogeny of behavior.If an organism has a trait which provides them with a selective advantage (i.e. has an adaptive significance) in a new environment natural selection will likely favor it. This was originally proposed as the theory of natural selection by Charles Darwin. Adaptive significance therefore refers to the beneficial qualities, in terms of increased survival and reproduction, a trait conveys. Genetic differences in individuals lead to behavioral differences that in turn drive differences in adaptation, reproductive success, and ultimately evolution.Individuals are always in competition with others for limited resources, including food, territories, and mates. Conflict will occur between predators and prey, between rivals for mates, between siblings, mates, and even between parents and their offspring.