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... the wild. Mating usually occurs between January and April, during which time males become more brightly coloured with patches of red or green, in order to attract a mate. Males are often selected by females based on their body size, with larger strong males winning the females. One month after court ...
... the wild. Mating usually occurs between January and April, during which time males become more brightly coloured with patches of red or green, in order to attract a mate. Males are often selected by females based on their body size, with larger strong males winning the females. One month after court ...
Observing Rainforest Wildlife
... have a very long, thin tongue, quite like a hummingbird’s, designed to lap up the nectar contained deep within flowers. So as not to compete with hummingbirds and other diurnal (active during the day), nectivorous birds, bats feed at night. To avoid too much competition with each other, individuals ...
... have a very long, thin tongue, quite like a hummingbird’s, designed to lap up the nectar contained deep within flowers. So as not to compete with hummingbirds and other diurnal (active during the day), nectivorous birds, bats feed at night. To avoid too much competition with each other, individuals ...
Sexual Selection – Courtship and mating rituals
... Another interesting observation from these studies is the distribution of these pregnancies, which were heavily clustered together. Reproductive synchrony to this degree has never been documented for manta rays before, but it is none-the-less a fairly common phenomenon among a wide variety of animal ...
... Another interesting observation from these studies is the distribution of these pregnancies, which were heavily clustered together. Reproductive synchrony to this degree has never been documented for manta rays before, but it is none-the-less a fairly common phenomenon among a wide variety of animal ...
Home range
... • R2 is three food units/minute • If N individuals can move freely between the two patches, how should they distribute themselves? (how many in H1 and How many in H2?) ...
... • R2 is three food units/minute • If N individuals can move freely between the two patches, how should they distribute themselves? (how many in H1 and How many in H2?) ...
Effects of pollinators and seed predators on female and hermaphrodite... Polemonium foliosissimum
... of hand pollination (open pollination vs. pollen addition) and seed predator egg removal (ambient numbers of eggs vs. eggs removed) treatment. Although hand pollination and egg removal both increased seed set, only egg removal had a statistical interaction with gender. Sex morphs respond differently ...
... of hand pollination (open pollination vs. pollen addition) and seed predator egg removal (ambient numbers of eggs vs. eggs removed) treatment. Although hand pollination and egg removal both increased seed set, only egg removal had a statistical interaction with gender. Sex morphs respond differently ...
Lecture 1: Introduction to Animal Behavior
... • Risk of predation • Energy of dealing with competitors • Energy and time expended in search for and processing food ...
... • Risk of predation • Energy of dealing with competitors • Energy and time expended in search for and processing food ...
11,12,13 - WordPress.com
... – The African swallowtail butterfly (Papilo dardanus) produces two distinct morphs, both of which resemble brightly colored but distasteful butterflies of other species. Each morph gains protection from predation although it is in fact quite edible. ...
... – The African swallowtail butterfly (Papilo dardanus) produces two distinct morphs, both of which resemble brightly colored but distasteful butterflies of other species. Each morph gains protection from predation although it is in fact quite edible. ...
Sexual selection and speciation
... dorsal fins, but their anal and caudal fins can be bright red. I found that this red coloration of P. pundamilia fins seems to be chemically similar to that in the body and fins of P. nyererei, but that it is not significantly associated with parasite load. Instead, I found that the blue coloration ...
... dorsal fins, but their anal and caudal fins can be bright red. I found that this red coloration of P. pundamilia fins seems to be chemically similar to that in the body and fins of P. nyererei, but that it is not significantly associated with parasite load. Instead, I found that the blue coloration ...
Schedule and abstracts as Word File
... functions of subduing prey and fighting with rivals, the chelicerae are employed for clasping and securing the partner in copulation. The degree of jaw elongation within Tetragnatha varies considerably between age classes, size classes, sexes and species. In many animal taxa, copulatory appendages s ...
... functions of subduing prey and fighting with rivals, the chelicerae are employed for clasping and securing the partner in copulation. The degree of jaw elongation within Tetragnatha varies considerably between age classes, size classes, sexes and species. In many animal taxa, copulatory appendages s ...
Primate Sociality: Predators and Living in Groups
... Note: this is a theory about sociality (forming groups), which is different from the similarly-named theory about resource-defense territoriality that we looked at earlier being in a group improves the ability of females to defend resources against other competitors (usually their own species) which ...
... Note: this is a theory about sociality (forming groups), which is different from the similarly-named theory about resource-defense territoriality that we looked at earlier being in a group improves the ability of females to defend resources against other competitors (usually their own species) which ...
The Quantitative Paradox of Sexual Selection
... • Sex-limited expression is an evolved property of a species’ developmental genetic system. • In general, genetic correlations between the sexes produce a phenotypic response in both sexes when selection occurs in only one sex. ...
... • Sex-limited expression is an evolved property of a species’ developmental genetic system. • In general, genetic correlations between the sexes produce a phenotypic response in both sexes when selection occurs in only one sex. ...
Lamarck vs. Darwing
... • Evolution is the slow, gradual change in a population of organisms over time… a loooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooong time ...
... • Evolution is the slow, gradual change in a population of organisms over time… a loooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooong time ...
Chapter 7 - Cynthia Clarke
... The ecological perspective pertains to relationships between organisms and all aspects of their environment (temperature, predators, vegetation, availability of food and water, types of food, disease organisms, parasites, etc.). o Primate studies by the mid-1980’s had shifted toward behavioral ecolo ...
... The ecological perspective pertains to relationships between organisms and all aspects of their environment (temperature, predators, vegetation, availability of food and water, types of food, disease organisms, parasites, etc.). o Primate studies by the mid-1980’s had shifted toward behavioral ecolo ...
Population Dynamics and Conservation
... Density: number of individuals of a population in a certain location at a given time Population dispersion Age distribution ...
... Density: number of individuals of a population in a certain location at a given time Population dispersion Age distribution ...
Natural Selection II
... How do these examples provide evidence for evolution? How can we use this information to help non-scientists understand evolution? What are the claims of evolution? What aren’t? What are we still uncertain about? ...
... How do these examples provide evidence for evolution? How can we use this information to help non-scientists understand evolution? What are the claims of evolution? What aren’t? What are we still uncertain about? ...
Chapter 51 Behavioral Ecology
... Proximate mechanisms produce behaviors that evolved because they increase fitness in some way. For example, increased day length has little adaptive significance for red-crowned cranes, but because it corresponds to seasonal conditions that increase reproductive success, such as the availability ...
... Proximate mechanisms produce behaviors that evolved because they increase fitness in some way. For example, increased day length has little adaptive significance for red-crowned cranes, but because it corresponds to seasonal conditions that increase reproductive success, such as the availability ...
Animal Signalling and Communication Purposes of Signals Signal
... Two types of alarm calls in great tits: Mobbing alarm call: loud indiscreet signal to others to mob and molest a perched hawk. ...
... Two types of alarm calls in great tits: Mobbing alarm call: loud indiscreet signal to others to mob and molest a perched hawk. ...
Tax and Evol 6 Speciation
... New species can be produced due to a variety of factors affecting a starting population. Some of these factors prevent mating (pre mating factors) while others occur after mating has happened (post mating factors) ...
... New species can be produced due to a variety of factors affecting a starting population. Some of these factors prevent mating (pre mating factors) while others occur after mating has happened (post mating factors) ...
Chapter 6 - Cynthia Clarke
... Some monogamous primate species (those with a bond between a single male and female) show the most intensive levels of infant care by males than those which are polygamous species (those with a bond between a single male and 2+ females) ...
... Some monogamous primate species (those with a bond between a single male and female) show the most intensive levels of infant care by males than those which are polygamous species (those with a bond between a single male and 2+ females) ...
Chapter 6 - Cynthia Clarke
... Some monogamous primate species (those with a bond between a single male and female) show the most intensive levels of infant care by males than those which are polygamous species (those with a bond between a single male and 2+ females) ...
... Some monogamous primate species (those with a bond between a single male and female) show the most intensive levels of infant care by males than those which are polygamous species (those with a bond between a single male and 2+ females) ...
Reproduction in fishes
... maximize access to food for offspring minimize access to offspring by predators example: Lake Champlain anadromous – salmon catadromous – eels fall spawners – lake trout, whitefish spring spawners – smelt littoral spawners – sculpins, sunfishes, basses stream spawners – suckers, darters, minnows, st ...
... maximize access to food for offspring minimize access to offspring by predators example: Lake Champlain anadromous – salmon catadromous – eels fall spawners – lake trout, whitefish spring spawners – smelt littoral spawners – sculpins, sunfishes, basses stream spawners – suckers, darters, minnows, st ...
e.6.4 outline two examples of how foraging behavior
... Those males with the biggest, brightest tail feathers have the best chance of being chosen by a female for mating These males successfully mate and pass on their genes Those males with less elaborate tail feathers do not mate and therefore, do not pass on their genes The long-term outcome has ...
... Those males with the biggest, brightest tail feathers have the best chance of being chosen by a female for mating These males successfully mate and pass on their genes Those males with less elaborate tail feathers do not mate and therefore, do not pass on their genes The long-term outcome has ...
Elephant Seals
... • the dominant bull mates with all females in his harem • while the alpha bull is busy mating, defending the harem, or sleeping, other bulls (“sneaker males”) will try to sneak in and mate with some females ...
... • the dominant bull mates with all females in his harem • while the alpha bull is busy mating, defending the harem, or sleeping, other bulls (“sneaker males”) will try to sneak in and mate with some females ...
4-Life Histories
... 2. Tradeoffs exist in the allocation of resources. Goal is to maximize lifetime reproductive success with limited resources. These are hypotheses that can be tested experimentally. When to begin breeding? How often to breed? How many offspring per event? a. Clutch size vs lifetime number of offsprin ...
... 2. Tradeoffs exist in the allocation of resources. Goal is to maximize lifetime reproductive success with limited resources. These are hypotheses that can be tested experimentally. When to begin breeding? How often to breed? How many offspring per event? a. Clutch size vs lifetime number of offsprin ...
Behavioral ecology
Behavioral ecology is the study of the evolutionary basis for animal behavior due to ecological pressures. Behavioral ecology emerged from ethology after Niko Tinbergen outlined four questions to address when studying animal behavior which are the proximate causes, ontogeny, survival value, and phylogeny of behavior.If an organism has a trait which provides them with a selective advantage (i.e. has an adaptive significance) in a new environment natural selection will likely favor it. This was originally proposed as the theory of natural selection by Charles Darwin. Adaptive significance therefore refers to the beneficial qualities, in terms of increased survival and reproduction, a trait conveys. Genetic differences in individuals lead to behavioral differences that in turn drive differences in adaptation, reproductive success, and ultimately evolution.Individuals are always in competition with others for limited resources, including food, territories, and mates. Conflict will occur between predators and prey, between rivals for mates, between siblings, mates, and even between parents and their offspring.