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(8) Primates Why social
... because of food competition, but the predation defense means a longer lifespan, so greater RS; with a large group, reproductive RATE is lower, but lifetime reproduction is higher • The data fit vanSchaik’s model ...
... because of food competition, but the predation defense means a longer lifespan, so greater RS; with a large group, reproductive RATE is lower, but lifetime reproduction is higher • The data fit vanSchaik’s model ...
13.17 Natural selection cannot fashion perfect organisms
... Experimental manipulation of tail length Males with unnaturally long tails attract females away from the nests of “normal” males or males with shortened tails ...
... Experimental manipulation of tail length Males with unnaturally long tails attract females away from the nests of “normal” males or males with shortened tails ...
Overproduction Genetic Variation Struggle to Survive Successful
... Components of Natural Selection Classification Evolution ...
... Components of Natural Selection Classification Evolution ...
Neoconocephalus triops
... Second, summer calls have a substantially higher AM rate than winter calls at equal temperatures. By contrast, there were no differences in female preference between summer and winter generations: females of both generations responded readily to calls with and without verse structure and we could no ...
... Second, summer calls have a substantially higher AM rate than winter calls at equal temperatures. By contrast, there were no differences in female preference between summer and winter generations: females of both generations responded readily to calls with and without verse structure and we could no ...
Sexual Selection in Males and Females REVIEW
... selection in males and females. Because of their greater energetic investment in gametes and parental care, females more commonly compete with each other for access to resources necessary for successful reproduction (including breeding sites, parental care, and social rank) than for access to gamete ...
... selection in males and females. Because of their greater energetic investment in gametes and parental care, females more commonly compete with each other for access to resources necessary for successful reproduction (including breeding sites, parental care, and social rank) than for access to gamete ...
The Behavior of Ants
... Among all species of insects, ants are known for their earnest life style according to one story by Aesop, “The Ant and the Grasshopper.” Since we can see processions and nests everywhere, ants are general creatures in our lives. However, we generally do not care about their behavior. For example, s ...
... Among all species of insects, ants are known for their earnest life style according to one story by Aesop, “The Ant and the Grasshopper.” Since we can see processions and nests everywhere, ants are general creatures in our lives. However, we generally do not care about their behavior. For example, s ...
Animal Behavior
... Mistakenly, we believe social learning only occurs in humans. It may also occur in animal populations ...
... Mistakenly, we believe social learning only occurs in humans. It may also occur in animal populations ...
Ecology and Evolution of Poeciliid Fishes
... & Dugatkin, chapter 20, for more on mate-choice copying). There is some evidence to suggest that the willingness of a female to invest in mate choice, as well as the shape of her preference function, may be condition dependent (Brooks & Endler 2001a) or be influenced by the resources she has availabl ...
... & Dugatkin, chapter 20, for more on mate-choice copying). There is some evidence to suggest that the willingness of a female to invest in mate choice, as well as the shape of her preference function, may be condition dependent (Brooks & Endler 2001a) or be influenced by the resources she has availabl ...
Study Guide for Exam 2
... altruistic behaviors are not random [in regard to other group members] and usually favor kin. when altruistic acts occur between non-kin, the benefits of the altruistic behavior will exceed the costs (b>c) Reproductive strategies: male and female In primates, the type and degree of parental inve ...
... altruistic behaviors are not random [in regard to other group members] and usually favor kin. when altruistic acts occur between non-kin, the benefits of the altruistic behavior will exceed the costs (b>c) Reproductive strategies: male and female In primates, the type and degree of parental inve ...
Review on Deep-sea Anglerfish Reproduction
... usually by biting her belly. Once attached, the teeth and jaws draw back and the skin and blood systems of the male and female merge. Now the male becomes a parasite to the female, not needing to find food for him. Thus, the intestine regress and the only important organ within the male is his large ...
... usually by biting her belly. Once attached, the teeth and jaws draw back and the skin and blood systems of the male and female merge. Now the male becomes a parasite to the female, not needing to find food for him. Thus, the intestine regress and the only important organ within the male is his large ...
Amphibian Reproduction
... lizards, and snakes that call the Northeast home. A small number of classroom lectures and active learning discussions will also contribute to the learning experience. ...
... lizards, and snakes that call the Northeast home. A small number of classroom lectures and active learning discussions will also contribute to the learning experience. ...
The evolution of reproductive systems in pinnipeds
... carcinophagus and Weddell seals Leptonychotes weddelli (Bowen, 1991). Walrus prey on ringed, bearded seals Erignathus barbatus, and largha seals Phoca largha (Lowry and Fay, 1984). Predation by sharks and killer whales has been reported in several species and appears to be a significant source of mo ...
... carcinophagus and Weddell seals Leptonychotes weddelli (Bowen, 1991). Walrus prey on ringed, bearded seals Erignathus barbatus, and largha seals Phoca largha (Lowry and Fay, 1984). Predation by sharks and killer whales has been reported in several species and appears to be a significant source of mo ...
Evolution
... all / most / many offspring survive / birth rate higher than death rate all / most / many offspring reproduce each generation produces more offspring that the last plateau reached eventually / population levels off / birth rate equals death rate when carring capacity of environment is reached e.g. w ...
... all / most / many offspring survive / birth rate higher than death rate all / most / many offspring reproduce each generation produces more offspring that the last plateau reached eventually / population levels off / birth rate equals death rate when carring capacity of environment is reached e.g. w ...
Behavioral Ecology - Sinauer Associates
... As these examples suggest, the behavioral decisions made by individuals have very real costs and benefits that affect their ability to survive and reproduce. These examples also highlight the fact that animal behaviors take place in an ecological setting: the behavioral decisions of the lion and the ...
... As these examples suggest, the behavioral decisions made by individuals have very real costs and benefits that affect their ability to survive and reproduce. These examples also highlight the fact that animal behaviors take place in an ecological setting: the behavioral decisions of the lion and the ...
No Slide Title
... Little or no parental care and protection of offspring Early reproductive age Most offspring die before reaching reproductive age Small adults Adapted to unstable climate and environmental conditions High population growth rate (r) Population size fluctuates wildly above and below carrying capacity ...
... Little or no parental care and protection of offspring Early reproductive age Most offspring die before reaching reproductive age Small adults Adapted to unstable climate and environmental conditions High population growth rate (r) Population size fluctuates wildly above and below carrying capacity ...
Life History Evolution
... probability of survival • Aging reduces mx component of fitness (reproduction) • And reduces lx component of fitness ...
... probability of survival • Aging reduces mx component of fitness (reproduction) • And reduces lx component of fitness ...
AMERICAN ALLIGATOR Alligator mississippiensis
... - Mother will then open the nest and gently carry the young in her mouth to water - Females tend to their young up to 3 years - Young are born 6-9 inches long and have yellow bands for camoflage - Approx. 80% of the young fall to predation ...
... - Mother will then open the nest and gently carry the young in her mouth to water - Females tend to their young up to 3 years - Young are born 6-9 inches long and have yellow bands for camoflage - Approx. 80% of the young fall to predation ...
Learning behavior
... How to view innate vs learning • Best visual model is: all born with a framework (skeleton) of behaviors or behavioral capabilities: a lot due to anatomy and physiology: a dog may want to climb a tree but it will never learn how to do it! • This defines the range of possibilities. The ...
... How to view innate vs learning • Best visual model is: all born with a framework (skeleton) of behaviors or behavioral capabilities: a lot due to anatomy and physiology: a dog may want to climb a tree but it will never learn how to do it! • This defines the range of possibilities. The ...
PHASMIDS
... Special Adaptations: Most phasmids have a thorax that can shoot out a milky, smelly, corrosive liquid against predators. This comes in handy because they are too slow moving to have any other way to defend themselves. When threatened, the male jungle nymph is the only insect, which will play possum; ...
... Special Adaptations: Most phasmids have a thorax that can shoot out a milky, smelly, corrosive liquid against predators. This comes in handy because they are too slow moving to have any other way to defend themselves. When threatened, the male jungle nymph is the only insect, which will play possum; ...
Name: ___________ _________________ Date: ______ Period
... chemical signals to indicate dominance, find food, establish territory and ensure reproductive success. (ex: bee dances) Practice Multiple Choice Questions 1. Long–term studies of Belding's ground squirrels show that immigrants move nearly 2 km from where they are born and become 1% –8% of the males ...
... chemical signals to indicate dominance, find food, establish territory and ensure reproductive success. (ex: bee dances) Practice Multiple Choice Questions 1. Long–term studies of Belding's ground squirrels show that immigrants move nearly 2 km from where they are born and become 1% –8% of the males ...
Parental Care and Mating Systems
... Parental care Parental investment: investment by parents in an offspring That increases the survival of that offspring But decreases the ability of investment in other offspring Direct parental behaviors Have an immediate impact on offspring and their survival Nursing, feeding, grooming ...
... Parental care Parental investment: investment by parents in an offspring That increases the survival of that offspring But decreases the ability of investment in other offspring Direct parental behaviors Have an immediate impact on offspring and their survival Nursing, feeding, grooming ...
chapter 24 population genetics
... alter the function of the protein. Some alleles may encode proteins that enhance an individual’s survival or reproductive success compared to that of other members of the population Individuals with beneficial alleles are more likely to survive and contribute their alleles to the gene pool of the ne ...
... alter the function of the protein. Some alleles may encode proteins that enhance an individual’s survival or reproductive success compared to that of other members of the population Individuals with beneficial alleles are more likely to survive and contribute their alleles to the gene pool of the ne ...
Lecture 3: Reproduction
... • Ingested energy left over after paying off metabolic costs is placed into growth and reproduction • Reproductive and growth traits vary among species, populations, and individuals – Differences often due to selective pressures & environmental conditions and habitats ...
... • Ingested energy left over after paying off metabolic costs is placed into growth and reproduction • Reproductive and growth traits vary among species, populations, and individuals – Differences often due to selective pressures & environmental conditions and habitats ...
Nasua narica white
... Adult males are sometimes active at night, but coatis are primarily diurnal. Days are spent mostly on the ground foraging, while nights are spent in treetops, sheltered from most predation. Males live solitary lives and establish ranges that they mark by spraying urine or dragging their abdomens on ...
... Adult males are sometimes active at night, but coatis are primarily diurnal. Days are spent mostly on the ground foraging, while nights are spent in treetops, sheltered from most predation. Males live solitary lives and establish ranges that they mark by spraying urine or dragging their abdomens on ...
Behavioral ecology
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Aptenodytes_forsteri_-Snow_Hill_Island,_Antarctica_-juvenile-8.jpg?width=300)
Behavioral ecology is the study of the evolutionary basis for animal behavior due to ecological pressures. Behavioral ecology emerged from ethology after Niko Tinbergen outlined four questions to address when studying animal behavior which are the proximate causes, ontogeny, survival value, and phylogeny of behavior.If an organism has a trait which provides them with a selective advantage (i.e. has an adaptive significance) in a new environment natural selection will likely favor it. This was originally proposed as the theory of natural selection by Charles Darwin. Adaptive significance therefore refers to the beneficial qualities, in terms of increased survival and reproduction, a trait conveys. Genetic differences in individuals lead to behavioral differences that in turn drive differences in adaptation, reproductive success, and ultimately evolution.Individuals are always in competition with others for limited resources, including food, territories, and mates. Conflict will occur between predators and prey, between rivals for mates, between siblings, mates, and even between parents and their offspring.