ABOUT BIRDS The Dunnock: sex in the shrubbery
... disadvantages of having a male sharing your territory who is looking for any opportunity to mate with your partner. This is why the alpha males invest so much time in guarding their females (as much as 40 minutes an hour). Now, all this may seem a bit harsh on the poor female, constantly followed by ...
... disadvantages of having a male sharing your territory who is looking for any opportunity to mate with your partner. This is why the alpha males invest so much time in guarding their females (as much as 40 minutes an hour). Now, all this may seem a bit harsh on the poor female, constantly followed by ...
Asexual Reproduction
... species, or between groups of species thriving in different parts of the world as a result of genetic mutation. ...
... species, or between groups of species thriving in different parts of the world as a result of genetic mutation. ...
Chapter 2 - Anderson School District Five
... a) where the fitness of a particular behavior is influenced by other behavioral phenotypes in a population. b) the total of all of the behavioral displays, both male and female, that are related to courtship. c) where an individual in a population changes a behavioral phenotype to gain a competitive ...
... a) where the fitness of a particular behavior is influenced by other behavioral phenotypes in a population. b) the total of all of the behavioral displays, both male and female, that are related to courtship. c) where an individual in a population changes a behavioral phenotype to gain a competitive ...
Desert Tortoise
... populations and inhibit the species’ recovery. As a threatened species, desert tortoises are protected by law. It is unlawful to touch, harm, harass, or collect wild specimens without permits. Many rescue organizations exist to rehabilitate injured and confiscated animals in efforts to maintain and ...
... populations and inhibit the species’ recovery. As a threatened species, desert tortoises are protected by law. It is unlawful to touch, harm, harass, or collect wild specimens without permits. Many rescue organizations exist to rehabilitate injured and confiscated animals in efforts to maintain and ...
Complemental males in the barnacle
... Looking beyond the barnacles (Thoracica) to the semi-parasitic and morphologically more primitive Ascothoracica, it is noteworthy that the most generalised genus, Synagoga, exists as sequential protandric hermaphrodites (Newman, 1974), giving a superficial impression of there being two similar sexes ...
... Looking beyond the barnacles (Thoracica) to the semi-parasitic and morphologically more primitive Ascothoracica, it is noteworthy that the most generalised genus, Synagoga, exists as sequential protandric hermaphrodites (Newman, 1974), giving a superficial impression of there being two similar sexes ...
Silky Sifaka
... food. While their diet consists mainly of leaves, some fruits and flowers are also eaten. Seed-predation is common with fruits: the hard inner seed is preferred to the soft outer fruit. Sometimes they will eat dirt from the ground which may contain minerals and/or help kill parasites. Although there ...
... food. While their diet consists mainly of leaves, some fruits and flowers are also eaten. Seed-predation is common with fruits: the hard inner seed is preferred to the soft outer fruit. Sometimes they will eat dirt from the ground which may contain minerals and/or help kill parasites. Although there ...
A Mating Aggregation of the Spider Crab
... female crabs collected were either mature, nonovigerous (n = 12) or ovigerous with newlyextruded, bright orange eggs (n = 5). Other postures during pairing involved less contact. Females were often found upright and partially buried with a male upright above her. The male, with his abdominal segment ...
... female crabs collected were either mature, nonovigerous (n = 12) or ovigerous with newlyextruded, bright orange eggs (n = 5). Other postures during pairing involved less contact. Females were often found upright and partially buried with a male upright above her. The male, with his abdominal segment ...
Heritable Variation for Female Mating Frequency in Field Crickets
... failure of 12.5% of the singly mated females to reproduce. A second mating in A. domesticusincreases the probability that a female is fertilized and that offspring will be produced. But the high level of multiple mating in female G. integer observed here cannot be explained by selection to reduce th ...
... failure of 12.5% of the singly mated females to reproduce. A second mating in A. domesticusincreases the probability that a female is fertilized and that offspring will be produced. But the high level of multiple mating in female G. integer observed here cannot be explained by selection to reduce th ...
Darwinian balancing selection: predation counters sexual selection
... sexual traits impose fitness costs that balance the mating advantage), then we predict selection on traits that improve mating success will be opposed by viability selection. Opposing selection would also be revealed in significant viability and sexual selection on multivariate axes that have simila ...
... sexual traits impose fitness costs that balance the mating advantage), then we predict selection on traits that improve mating success will be opposed by viability selection. Opposing selection would also be revealed in significant viability and sexual selection on multivariate axes that have simila ...
Evolution of Leks
... an opportunity for females to assess a wide range of males for selection of the best possible traits-and is advantageous for males because leks increase their chance for encountering females. Three hypotheses have been proposed for how leks occur: “preference, ” “hotshot,” and the “hotspot” hypothes ...
... an opportunity for females to assess a wide range of males for selection of the best possible traits-and is advantageous for males because leks increase their chance for encountering females. Three hypotheses have been proposed for how leks occur: “preference, ” “hotshot,” and the “hotspot” hypothes ...
Indiscriminate Males: Mating Behaviour of a Marine Snail
... In addition to increased predation risk [17] a main cost of mating is likely to be the increased risk of dislodgement of a copulating pair compared to the risk of a single snail, as hydrodynamic drag will be roughly doubled for a copulating pair while attachment strength remains that of a single sna ...
... In addition to increased predation risk [17] a main cost of mating is likely to be the increased risk of dislodgement of a copulating pair compared to the risk of a single snail, as hydrodynamic drag will be roughly doubled for a copulating pair while attachment strength remains that of a single sna ...
How Does Social Behavior Evolve? | Learn Science at Scitable
... How can selection produce an organism that has no chance of reproducing independently, whose fitness is entirely invested into colony mates? In other words, how can animals have no direct fitness and only indirect fitness? Individuals in colonies are usually related to one another, and relatedness c ...
... How can selection produce an organism that has no chance of reproducing independently, whose fitness is entirely invested into colony mates? In other words, how can animals have no direct fitness and only indirect fitness? Individuals in colonies are usually related to one another, and relatedness c ...
ECOLOGY SPRING 2009 - Florida International University
... reserves lead to increases in reproductive success i.e. Avoid predators, Find mates Optimal behavior has evolved by natural selection ...
... reserves lead to increases in reproductive success i.e. Avoid predators, Find mates Optimal behavior has evolved by natural selection ...
Exam_ final question.. - The Department of Ecology and
... answers with adequate reference to specific examples and studies. Do not attempt to guess which questions will appear, since I won't decide this until the last minute. You should cite specific examples from papers assigned as readings in class whenever possible (although you don’t have to remember t ...
... answers with adequate reference to specific examples and studies. Do not attempt to guess which questions will appear, since I won't decide this until the last minute. You should cite specific examples from papers assigned as readings in class whenever possible (although you don’t have to remember t ...
Aggressive Mimicry in Photuris: Firefly Femmes Fatales
... 1965. The flash pattern of males in one species of the Photinus consanguineus LeConte complex consists of two short pulses separated by about 2 seconds. This phrase is repeated every 4 to 7 seconds. While searching for females I received a response from the direction of a low weed along a stream. Th ...
... 1965. The flash pattern of males in one species of the Photinus consanguineus LeConte complex consists of two short pulses separated by about 2 seconds. This phrase is repeated every 4 to 7 seconds. While searching for females I received a response from the direction of a low weed along a stream. Th ...
Risk of predation may explain the absence of nuptial coloration in
... Males of many species show conspicuous breeding colours that are important in social contexts, whereas other species are dull coloured. Bright coloration may be selected against if it renders males more conspicuous and results in a higher susceptibility to predators. We tested this hypothesis experi ...
... Males of many species show conspicuous breeding colours that are important in social contexts, whereas other species are dull coloured. Bright coloration may be selected against if it renders males more conspicuous and results in a higher susceptibility to predators. We tested this hypothesis experi ...
Lecture 5 Communication
... 2a. Bite at shell, head, legs 2b. Display colored neck and legs 2c. Stroke female’s head with legs or head ...
... 2a. Bite at shell, head, legs 2b. Display colored neck and legs 2c. Stroke female’s head with legs or head ...
Entomology/BSC301 wk5 F12
... – Attract members of both sexes – Sometimes for mating – Often for other benefits of aggregation • Dilution of predator effect • Resource harvesting • Bark beetles – Larvae feed on inner bark of damaged, dying trees – Synergistic action of male and female released chemicals (and host chemicals) attr ...
... – Attract members of both sexes – Sometimes for mating – Often for other benefits of aggregation • Dilution of predator effect • Resource harvesting • Bark beetles – Larvae feed on inner bark of damaged, dying trees – Synergistic action of male and female released chemicals (and host chemicals) attr ...
No Slide Title
... • Tendency to call in groups of 2-4 with “choir master” always initiating, each with noticeably different quality • Dominant males call louder, longer, lower pitched may reflect age, size, vigor - all factors in female selection ...
... • Tendency to call in groups of 2-4 with “choir master” always initiating, each with noticeably different quality • Dominant males call louder, longer, lower pitched may reflect age, size, vigor - all factors in female selection ...
Southern Elephant Seals of Sea Lion Island
... The harem holder was the father of most pups, regardless of harem size. Then, we studied female kinship, and we found that in some harems females are more related between themselves than with females of other harems. This may explain phenomena like adoption and fostering, that are anyway rare on Sea ...
... The harem holder was the father of most pups, regardless of harem size. Then, we studied female kinship, and we found that in some harems females are more related between themselves than with females of other harems. This may explain phenomena like adoption and fostering, that are anyway rare on Sea ...
Brood Reduction 1
... Many strategies for persuading the parents of other species to raise your young European Cuckoo is known to parasitize at least 125 species of passerines The sight of its host actually stimulates it to begin laying Lay their eggs quickly, as little as 15 sec. Eggs are also thicker than those of the ...
... Many strategies for persuading the parents of other species to raise your young European Cuckoo is known to parasitize at least 125 species of passerines The sight of its host actually stimulates it to begin laying Lay their eggs quickly, as little as 15 sec. Eggs are also thicker than those of the ...
BIOL 4120: Principles of Ecology Lecture 8: Life History
... 7.8 Animals forage in a manner that maximizes their fitness Foraging involves many different decisions to make, such as where to forage, how long to feed in a certain patch of habitat, which type of food to eat etc. Food supplies vary spatially, temporally, and with respect to the quality of food i ...
... 7.8 Animals forage in a manner that maximizes their fitness Foraging involves many different decisions to make, such as where to forage, how long to feed in a certain patch of habitat, which type of food to eat etc. Food supplies vary spatially, temporally, and with respect to the quality of food i ...
Journal: JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH Article Id: fbm076
... matings are adaptive for females. If a female possesses good information and is able to recognize high quality males (cf. Goetz, 2004), she may choose to mate only once. However, if the probability of encountering such males is low, she may first mate indiscriminately with a lower quality male, and ...
... matings are adaptive for females. If a female possesses good information and is able to recognize high quality males (cf. Goetz, 2004), she may choose to mate only once. However, if the probability of encountering such males is low, she may first mate indiscriminately with a lower quality male, and ...
The male has done his work — the male may go
... multiple female sexuals over a prolonged period of time except when intranidal mating is suicidal [32,33]. In monogynous species with intranidal mating, local mate competition selects for highly female-biased sex ratios. To inseminate all their sisters, males need an enormous amount of sperm, as exe ...
... multiple female sexuals over a prolonged period of time except when intranidal mating is suicidal [32,33]. In monogynous species with intranidal mating, local mate competition selects for highly female-biased sex ratios. To inseminate all their sisters, males need an enormous amount of sperm, as exe ...
Chapter 46 Notes (Behavior Ecology) Overview: Studying Behavior
... be carried out by _________________________ as females Parental care by a male jawfish. Male jawfish live in tropical marine environments, hold they have fertilized in their mouths, keeping them aerated and protecting them ...
... be carried out by _________________________ as females Parental care by a male jawfish. Male jawfish live in tropical marine environments, hold they have fertilized in their mouths, keeping them aerated and protecting them ...
Behavioral ecology
Behavioral ecology is the study of the evolutionary basis for animal behavior due to ecological pressures. Behavioral ecology emerged from ethology after Niko Tinbergen outlined four questions to address when studying animal behavior which are the proximate causes, ontogeny, survival value, and phylogeny of behavior.If an organism has a trait which provides them with a selective advantage (i.e. has an adaptive significance) in a new environment natural selection will likely favor it. This was originally proposed as the theory of natural selection by Charles Darwin. Adaptive significance therefore refers to the beneficial qualities, in terms of increased survival and reproduction, a trait conveys. Genetic differences in individuals lead to behavioral differences that in turn drive differences in adaptation, reproductive success, and ultimately evolution.Individuals are always in competition with others for limited resources, including food, territories, and mates. Conflict will occur between predators and prey, between rivals for mates, between siblings, mates, and even between parents and their offspring.