Brood parasitism
... confined almost entirely to birds (with some fish as an exception) despite the fact that throughout the animal kingdom, a parasitic lifestyle (internal and external) is probably the norm. ...
... confined almost entirely to birds (with some fish as an exception) despite the fact that throughout the animal kingdom, a parasitic lifestyle (internal and external) is probably the norm. ...
Some biological characteristics of the marbled crab, Pachygrapsus
... The intertidal species are active during aerial phases, while they shelter themselves in refuges during high tide or avoid submersion by migrating away from the water's edge. Most of these species rely on internal clocks as well as on external stimuli to synchronize their periods of activity and the ...
... The intertidal species are active during aerial phases, while they shelter themselves in refuges during high tide or avoid submersion by migrating away from the water's edge. Most of these species rely on internal clocks as well as on external stimuli to synchronize their periods of activity and the ...
S. mesaensis - Our Research
... concerning our target for this region. Only one area along the east bank of the Colorado River did we find the elusive scorpion, Paruroctonus ammonastes. S. mesaensis was extremely abundant in every area that had even remotely soft substratum. The combined activity of ATV and OHV use and urban spraw ...
... concerning our target for this region. Only one area along the east bank of the Colorado River did we find the elusive scorpion, Paruroctonus ammonastes. S. mesaensis was extremely abundant in every area that had even remotely soft substratum. The combined activity of ATV and OHV use and urban spraw ...
Animal Behavior
... a. because they are inherently happy. b. only for species recognition. c. as a way to declare territory. d. only during courtship. Which of the following statements about white-throated sparrows is false? a. There is a region of a bird's brain called the song system. b. In young males, the level of ...
... a. because they are inherently happy. b. only for species recognition. c. as a way to declare territory. d. only during courtship. Which of the following statements about white-throated sparrows is false? a. There is a region of a bird's brain called the song system. b. In young males, the level of ...
Dominance of Insects - Delaware Science Olympiad
... • Efficient means of transportation, allows populations to expand to new habitats and resources • Efficient use of energy allows some insects to travel great distances or remain airborne for long periods of time. ...
... • Efficient means of transportation, allows populations to expand to new habitats and resources • Efficient use of energy allows some insects to travel great distances or remain airborne for long periods of time. ...
The breeding ecology and behaviour of a colour-marked population of Brown Falcons Falco berigora .
... eventual perch, rotating through an axis of up to 270° with each turn. This display was usually given by both sexes upon landing near the nest tree or returning to perches following agonistic interactions. Females (40.5%) were observed giving this display less frequently than males (59.5%, n = 79, χ ...
... eventual perch, rotating through an axis of up to 270° with each turn. This display was usually given by both sexes upon landing near the nest tree or returning to perches following agonistic interactions. Females (40.5%) were observed giving this display less frequently than males (59.5%, n = 79, χ ...
51_InstGuide_AR
... 2. Distinguish between proximate and ultimate questions about behavior. Ask a proximate question and an ultimate question about bird song. 3. Explain how the classical discipline of ethology led to the modern study of behavioral ecology. 4. Define fixed action patterns and give an example. 5. Define ...
... 2. Distinguish between proximate and ultimate questions about behavior. Ask a proximate question and an ultimate question about bird song. 3. Explain how the classical discipline of ethology led to the modern study of behavioral ecology. 4. Define fixed action patterns and give an example. 5. Define ...
Coevolution
... the evolutionary utility of sexual reproduction is largely to produce variable offspring. – If the organism is very well-adapted for the environment, this can be a disadvantage, because sex breaks up potentially useful combinations of alleles. – In changeable or uncertain environments, sexual reprod ...
... the evolutionary utility of sexual reproduction is largely to produce variable offspring. – If the organism is very well-adapted for the environment, this can be a disadvantage, because sex breaks up potentially useful combinations of alleles. – In changeable or uncertain environments, sexual reprod ...
chapter 51 objective questions
... 19. Explain optimal foraging theory. 20. Explain how behavioral ecologists carry out cost-benefit analyses to determine how an animal should forage optimally. Explain how Zach demonstrated that crows feed optimally on whelks. 21. Explain how predation risk may affect the foraging behavior of a prey ...
... 19. Explain optimal foraging theory. 20. Explain how behavioral ecologists carry out cost-benefit analyses to determine how an animal should forage optimally. Explain how Zach demonstrated that crows feed optimally on whelks. 21. Explain how predation risk may affect the foraging behavior of a prey ...
Communication
... 1-4: territorial or agonistic, three types of bark: seet, seet-bark, bark Three types of predator: human, dog, model or natural birds Results: Bark when human or dog, seet or seet-bark when birds ...
... 1-4: territorial or agonistic, three types of bark: seet, seet-bark, bark Three types of predator: human, dog, model or natural birds Results: Bark when human or dog, seet or seet-bark when birds ...
Bellwork – 1/27/2014
... • Morphology is often a key to feeding behavior – many fish have specialized habits • Actual feeding may depend on what is available • Optimal foraging – Take whatever is closest, as long as it is suitable food – Highest quality of food for the least amount of effort ...
... • Morphology is often a key to feeding behavior – many fish have specialized habits • Actual feeding may depend on what is available • Optimal foraging – Take whatever is closest, as long as it is suitable food – Highest quality of food for the least amount of effort ...
Genetics and Other Mechanisms Affecting Behavior
... behavior. However, even if a specific gene or set of genes for a given behavior is present in an organism, that behavior may not necessarily be shown. For instance, male birds usually do not sing outside the breeding season, because certain genes may not be turned on by hormones or nerve activity (G ...
... behavior. However, even if a specific gene or set of genes for a given behavior is present in an organism, that behavior may not necessarily be shown. For instance, male birds usually do not sing outside the breeding season, because certain genes may not be turned on by hormones or nerve activity (G ...
Dr. John Stuht Wildlife Biologist, Michigan
... Abstract: Crested Anoles (Anolis cristatellus wileyae) captured in the vicinity of Greater Lameshur Bay in June 2003 and 2004 were infected with one or more species of hematozoa. These were the only parasites seen and red blood cells were the only cells seen infected. Infected anoles were found in a ...
... Abstract: Crested Anoles (Anolis cristatellus wileyae) captured in the vicinity of Greater Lameshur Bay in June 2003 and 2004 were infected with one or more species of hematozoa. These were the only parasites seen and red blood cells were the only cells seen infected. Infected anoles were found in a ...
Mate Selection-A Selection for a Handicap
... attractiveness of the male. Once sexual selection begins to have its effect, it generates a rapid chain of events in which the preference itself creates a selective pressure which accounts for the exaggerated development of the character and its additional attractiveness. Fisher suggested that (at t ...
... attractiveness of the male. Once sexual selection begins to have its effect, it generates a rapid chain of events in which the preference itself creates a selective pressure which accounts for the exaggerated development of the character and its additional attractiveness. Fisher suggested that (at t ...
Sex-dependent risk taking in the collared flycatcher, Ficedula
... In the present study we focused upon the dangerdependent suspended parental care behaviour of the collared flycatcher, using a model that imitated a predator threatening adult birds. We assumed there are no intrinsic differences between the sexes that affects the probability of escaping from a preda ...
... In the present study we focused upon the dangerdependent suspended parental care behaviour of the collared flycatcher, using a model that imitated a predator threatening adult birds. We assumed there are no intrinsic differences between the sexes that affects the probability of escaping from a preda ...
Natural Selection - s3.amazonaws.com
... Theory of Natural Selection • Individuals within a species are all slightly different from each other. These differences are called variation. • IF the climate or food supply changes, some of these variations may be better able to survive than others. • If one variety lives longer than others, it i ...
... Theory of Natural Selection • Individuals within a species are all slightly different from each other. These differences are called variation. • IF the climate or food supply changes, some of these variations may be better able to survive than others. • If one variety lives longer than others, it i ...
Lecture 2: Analysis of Adaptation
... • Sexual females lose ½ genes in each generation – to survive to repro females must be fit but their mate may be less fit • Sexual female has ½ fitness of asexual • Plus, costs of finding a mate, STDs etc. • Given this disadvantage, there must be a benefit in sexual reproduction ...
... • Sexual females lose ½ genes in each generation – to survive to repro females must be fit but their mate may be less fit • Sexual female has ½ fitness of asexual • Plus, costs of finding a mate, STDs etc. • Given this disadvantage, there must be a benefit in sexual reproduction ...
Sex Differences in Steroid Hormones and
... females (Godwin and Thomas, 1993). However, animals may not have been collected at a time when the pair was currently caring for a brood. In paternal Bluegill Sunfish, cortisol was higher in males caring for larger broods than in males with fewer eggs (Magee et al., 2006). Parental care requires inc ...
... females (Godwin and Thomas, 1993). However, animals may not have been collected at a time when the pair was currently caring for a brood. In paternal Bluegill Sunfish, cortisol was higher in males caring for larger broods than in males with fewer eggs (Magee et al., 2006). Parental care requires inc ...
Commensalism
... • a flatworm attaching to the horse crab and eating the crab's food while the crab is unaffected. ...
... • a flatworm attaching to the horse crab and eating the crab's food while the crab is unaffected. ...
Oceanic Nekton - Canton Local Schools
... • Most species will not reproduce until they are 15-50 years old. • Male and female couples are seen mating in the ocean near beaches. • Male marine turtles have longer tails than the females • Females come ashore at night to build nest and lay eggs • A body pit is dug above the high tide line by t ...
... • Most species will not reproduce until they are 15-50 years old. • Male and female couples are seen mating in the ocean near beaches. • Male marine turtles have longer tails than the females • Females come ashore at night to build nest and lay eggs • A body pit is dug above the high tide line by t ...
Parental Care IV: Hatching to Fledging
... The number of bird species known and inferred to exhibit different modes of parental care. ...
... The number of bird species known and inferred to exhibit different modes of parental care. ...
Life History Strategies: Trade-offs with reproduction and survival
... potentials of existing species are related to their requirements for survival; that any life history features affecting reproductive potential are subject to natural selection [and thus must be heritable] and that such features observed in existing species Should be considered adaptations, just as p ...
... potentials of existing species are related to their requirements for survival; that any life history features affecting reproductive potential are subject to natural selection [and thus must be heritable] and that such features observed in existing species Should be considered adaptations, just as p ...
White-Throated Monitor
... their massive size, because of their powerful leg muscles. Male monitors are very territorial, fighting any male they encounter. This often leaves severe bite wounds. Diurnal or day active. Reproduction and Development: During breeding season, females will climb up into trees. Once a male locates a ...
... their massive size, because of their powerful leg muscles. Male monitors are very territorial, fighting any male they encounter. This often leaves severe bite wounds. Diurnal or day active. Reproduction and Development: During breeding season, females will climb up into trees. Once a male locates a ...
Mud Crabs, - Competition experiment and
... time spent feeding to be negatively associated with time spent avoiding other crabs. The behaviours of mud crabs matched with an opponent of the same gender but differing relative sizes were generally similar to those observed in other species of crabs. Both male and female mud crabs dominated small ...
... time spent feeding to be negatively associated with time spent avoiding other crabs. The behaviours of mud crabs matched with an opponent of the same gender but differing relative sizes were generally similar to those observed in other species of crabs. Both male and female mud crabs dominated small ...
Behavioral ecology
Behavioral ecology is the study of the evolutionary basis for animal behavior due to ecological pressures. Behavioral ecology emerged from ethology after Niko Tinbergen outlined four questions to address when studying animal behavior which are the proximate causes, ontogeny, survival value, and phylogeny of behavior.If an organism has a trait which provides them with a selective advantage (i.e. has an adaptive significance) in a new environment natural selection will likely favor it. This was originally proposed as the theory of natural selection by Charles Darwin. Adaptive significance therefore refers to the beneficial qualities, in terms of increased survival and reproduction, a trait conveys. Genetic differences in individuals lead to behavioral differences that in turn drive differences in adaptation, reproductive success, and ultimately evolution.Individuals are always in competition with others for limited resources, including food, territories, and mates. Conflict will occur between predators and prey, between rivals for mates, between siblings, mates, and even between parents and their offspring.