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Species Related Terms and Concepts
APES Review Sheets
Based on Miller's 11th Edition of Living in the Environment from Ben Smith, Palo Verdes High School
Know the "Parts of", "Dynamics and Processes of ", "Significance/Meaning of", AND be able to explain/discuss each of the following:
Types (Define these
terms)
Examples (know why)
Endangered/Threatened
Giant Panda, Florida Manatee, Presido Manzanita, Black-footed ferret, Kangaroo Rat, Florida Panther,
Sand Verbena, Bladder Pod, Torreya, Monk Seal, Northern Spotted Owl, Red Wolf, Wyoming Toad,
Gopher Tortoise, Black Rhino, California Condor, Boulder Darter Scrub Mint, American Burying
Beetle, Piping Plover, Florida Key Deer, Grizzly Bear, Chinook Salmon, Arizona Agave, Oahu Tree
Snail, Greenback Cutthroat Trout, Hawksbill Sea Turtle, Wood Stork, Ocelot, American Crocodile,
Green Pitcher Plant.
Characteristics of
Extinction-Prone Species
Low reproduction rate, Specialized feeding habits, Feed at high trophic levels, Large size, Limited or
specialized nesting or breeding areas, Found in only one place or region, Fixed migratory
patterns, Preys on livestock or people, Behavior patterns
Keystone
Alligator, Wolf, Prairie Dog, Fig Trees, Plankton, Kelp/Sea Otters, Mycorrhizae.
Indicator
Most Songbirds (e.g. Warblers), Amphibians (Frogs, Salamanders), songbirds, amphibians (frogs,
salamanders, toads), trout, benthic invertebrates (mayfly, caddisfly, riffle beetle, dobson fly larvae) water bird, E.
coli (fecal wastes), shell fish (tissues analyzed for pesticides, heavy metals), top level consumers (northern spotted
owl, wolf, bear, mountain lion, great hombill), Elodea, Ceratophyllum, eel grass, alligator, lichen, dinofiagellates,
fathead minnow, salmon, oysters, water penny, water pollution tolerant organisms (sludge worms, aquatic worms,
midge larvae, tubifex worms, pouch snails, blood midges).
Introduced/Non-Native
Terrestrial Plants
Downy brome (Bromus
tectorum)
Garlic mustard (Alliaria
petiolata)
Hogweed (Heracleum
mantegazzianum)
Japanese honeysuckle
(Lonicera japonica)
Japanese knotweed
(Polygonum
cuspidatum)
Kudzu (Pueraria montana
var. lobata)
Leafy spurge (Euphorbia
esula)
Multiflora rose (Rosa
multiflora)
Russian olive (Elaeagnus
angustifolia)
Saltcedar (Tamarix spp.)
Scotch broom (Cytisus
scoparius)
Scotch thistle
(Onopordum
acanthium)
Spotted knapweed
(Centaurea maculosa)
Tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus
altissima)
Yellow star thistle
(Centaurea solstitialis)
Terrestrial Animals
Asian long-horned beetle (Anoplophora
glabripennis)
Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus)
Brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis)
Cane toad (Bufo marinus) - impact has
been far-reaching, with the invasion of
cane toads into Queensland thought to
be an important factor in the decline of
many native animals.
European gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar)
European starling (Sturnus vulgaris)
Glassy-winged sharpshooter
(Homalodisca coagulata)
Hemlock Woolly adelgid (Adelges
tsugae)
Red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta)
Wild Boar (Sus scrofa)
Aquatic & Wetlands
Plants
Brazilian waterweed
(Egeria densa)
Eurasian water-milfoil
(Myriophyllum
spicatum)
Giant salvinia (Salvinia
molesta)
Hydrilla (Hydrilla
verticillata)
Melaleuca (Melaleuca
quinquenervia)
Purple loosestrife
(Lythrum salicaria)
Water chestnut (Trapa
natans)
Water hyacinth
(Eichhornia
crassipes)
Aquatic & Wetlands
Animals
Alewife (Alosa
pseudoharengus)
Asian swamp eel
(Monopterus albus)
Bullfrog (Rana
catesbeiana)
Eurasian ruffe
(Gymnocephalus
cernuus)
European green crab
(Carcinus maenas)
Nutria (Myocastor coypus)
Round goby (Neogobius
melanostomus)
Sea lamprey (Petromyzon
marinus)
Veined rapa whelk
(Rapana venosa)
Zebra mussel (Dreissenia
polymorpha)
Microbes
West Nile virus (Flavivirus)
http://www.orange.k12.oh.us/teachers/ohs/jsangdahl/APESWEB/intro.html
Pests
Gypsy Moth, European Red Mite, Boll Weevil, tobacco Horn worm, Grasshopper (Locust), Pink
Bullworm, Brown Planthoppers, Aphids.
Introduced /
Re-introduced to help
control Pest Species
Wasps, Beetles (Lady Beetles, Lady Bugs), Vedalia Beetle Larva.
Interactions
Interspecific Competition, Predation, Parasitism, Mutualism, Commensalism, Interference Competition,
Exploitation Competition, Competitive Exclusion, Resource Partitioning, Realized Niche, Fundamental
Niche, Predator-Prey Relationship (in food chain or web arrows go towards higher trophic level)
r- or K-strategist
r
K
many small offspring, little or no parental care or
fewer, larger offspring, high parental care, later
protection of offspring, early reproductive age, most
reproductive age, most offspring survive,
offspring die, small adults, adapted to unstable climate, larger adults, adapted to stable climate, lower
high population growth rate, population size fluctuates
population growth rate, population fairly
wildly above and below , generalist niche, low ability stable, specialist niche, high ability to compete,
to compete, early successional species
late successional species