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SAMPLE EXERCISE 4.5 Comparing Acid Strengths
SAMPLE EXERCISE 4.5 Comparing Acid Strengths

... Solve: (a) When bonded to a nonmetal, hydrogen has an oxidation number of +1 (rule 3b). Because the H 2S molecule is neutral, the sum of the oxidation numbers must equal zero (rule 4). Letting x equal the oxidation number of S, we have 2(+1) + x = 0. Thus, S has an oxidation number of –2. (b) Becaus ...
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... Solve: (a) When bonded to a nonmetal, hydrogen has an oxidation number of +1 (rule 3b). Because the H 2S molecule is neutral, the sum of the oxidation numbers must equal zero (rule 4). Letting x equal the oxidation number of S, we have 2(+1) + x = 0. Thus, S has an oxidation number of –2. (b) Becaus ...
Chapter 5: Thermochemistry
Chapter 5: Thermochemistry

... II) O2 needs to be introduced on the reactant side, P4O10 on the product side, and P4 needs to be eliminated equation b) ...
Support Material
Support Material

...  Law of Multiple Proportions (John Dalton) : When two elements combine to form two or more compounds, then the different masses of one element, which combine with a ®xed mass of the other, bear a simple ratio to one another.  Gay Lussac’s Law : When gases combine or are produced in a chemical reac ...
Worked solutions to the problems
Worked solutions to the problems

... about these exercises, we will provide an opportunity to discuss these exercises (and other matters) with their fellow students from all over the world, even before they come together in Melbourne. We have set up a web-based chat forum so that they can get to know one another (after all - isn’t that ...
Fundamentals
Fundamentals

... known that atoms are composed of yet smaller particles, an atom remains the smallest entity that an element can be broken down into and retain the properties of that element. Atoms can be imaged with two types of instruments: a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and an atomic force microscope (AFM) ...
Development of a Photocatalytic Wet Scrubbing - soil
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LaBrake, Fundamentals Diagnostic Questions

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Undergraduate Chemistry Major Handbook - JHU Chemistry
Undergraduate Chemistry Major Handbook - JHU Chemistry

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data table - Tenafly Public Schools
data table - Tenafly Public Schools

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Benzylamine reacts with nitrous acid to form unstable

... Acetylation (or ethanoylation) is the process of introducing an acetyl group into a molecule. Aliphatic and aromatic primary and secondary amines undergo acetylation reaction by nucleophilic substitution when treated with acid chlorides, anhydrides or esters. This reaction involves the replacement o ...
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... are m/z 74, 91, and 120.23 It is noteworthy that the most abundant Cu-containing ion in Fig. 1c is the [CuI(Phe)]+ ion at m/z 228, the complementary ion of Phe +; by contrast, the abundance of the [CuII(Phe–H)] + ion, the complementary product of [Phe+H]+ is small. Taken together, [CuII(Phe)2] 2+ ...
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Quiz contsts questions chemistry

... 56 cm3 of oxygen combine with 112 cm3 of hydrogen to form water : When 56 cm3 of H2 is passed over heated capric oxide, the latter loses 0.04 g of its weight. All measurements are done under similar conditions of temperature and pressure (at. wt., H=1, O=16). Which of the following law is obeyed by ...
chem 102 class notes - Louisiana Tech University
chem 102 class notes - Louisiana Tech University

... constant values; that is, be able to predict whether a reaction product favored or reactant favored based on the size of the equilibrium constant (Section 14.4). 8. Calculate concentrations of reactants and products in an equilibrium system Kc and initial concentrations are known (Section 14 5). 9. ...
CLASSES AND NOMENCLATURE OF INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
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Lab # 18

... 8. What is a diatomic molecule? 9. What phase are most diatomic molecules found in? 10. What is a chemical equation? 11. How can you tell whether an equation is balanced? 12. What can an equation tell us about bonding? Problem: How can we use molecular models to help us balance equations? Introducti ...
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AP Chemistry Notes and Worksheets 2014

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industry: applying chemical reactions

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BSC with Chemistry CBCS Syllabus 2016-17
BSC with Chemistry CBCS Syllabus 2016-17

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Bioorthogonal chemistry



The term bioorthogonal chemistry refers to any chemical reaction that can occur inside of living systems without interfering with native biochemical processes. The term was coined by Carolyn R. Bertozzi in 2003. Since its introduction, the concept of the bioorthogonal reaction has enabled the study of biomolecules such as glycans, proteins, and lipids in real time in living systems without cellular toxicity. A number of chemical ligation strategies have been developed that fulfill the requirements of bioorthogonality, including the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between azides and cyclooctynes (also termed copper-free click chemistry), between nitrones and cyclooctynes, oxime/hydrazone formation from aldehydes and ketones, the tetrazine ligation, the isocyanide-based click reaction, and most recently, the quadricyclane ligation.The use of bioorthogonal chemistry typically proceeds in two steps. First, a cellular substrate is modified with a bioorthogonal functional group (chemical reporter) and introduced to the cell; substrates include metabolites, enzyme inhibitors, etc. The chemical reporter must not alter the structure of the substrate dramatically to avoid affecting its bioactivity. Secondly, a probe containing the complementary functional group is introduced to react and label the substrate.Although effective bioorthogonal reactions such as copper-free click chemistry have been developed, development of new reactions continues to generate orthogonal methods for labeling to allow multiple methods of labeling to be used in the same biosystems.
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