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... lysosomal storage disorders primarily affecting children. Patients share common features like accumulation of autofluorescent storage material, neuronal degeneration, and suffer from motor disturbances, progressive loss of vision and premature death. To date, nine genes have been detected to cause N ...
... lysosomal storage disorders primarily affecting children. Patients share common features like accumulation of autofluorescent storage material, neuronal degeneration, and suffer from motor disturbances, progressive loss of vision and premature death. To date, nine genes have been detected to cause N ...
The Perirhinal, Entorhinal, and Parahippocampal Cortices and
... hobby (Skotko et al. 2008). Cases such as H.M. were remarkable on many fronts. Most importantly, they demonstrated that memory indeed had a circumscribed anatomic basis in the MTL (cf. Lashley 1929).1 It became clear that the type of memory typically affected in the MTL amnesia syndrome was the acqu ...
... hobby (Skotko et al. 2008). Cases such as H.M. were remarkable on many fronts. Most importantly, they demonstrated that memory indeed had a circumscribed anatomic basis in the MTL (cf. Lashley 1929).1 It became clear that the type of memory typically affected in the MTL amnesia syndrome was the acqu ...
Neuromodulation and cortical function: BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN
... differences in the amount of suppression were noted depending upon the side of the slice being studied [246]. Later experiments in transverse slices revealed that cholinergic agonists have little effect in the outer molecular layer (receiving afferents from the lateral entorhinal cortex), but more s ...
... differences in the amount of suppression were noted depending upon the side of the slice being studied [246]. Later experiments in transverse slices revealed that cholinergic agonists have little effect in the outer molecular layer (receiving afferents from the lateral entorhinal cortex), but more s ...
Coordinated Interaction between Hippocampal Sharp
... Stereotaxic surgery. Mice were anesthetized with a ketamine/xylazine mixture (⬃100/10 mg per kg, i.p.) and received two bundles of electrode implantation, one into the CA1 and the other into the ACC, both in the right hemisphere. The coordinates for the ACC were anteroposterior (AP) 0.8 mm anterior ...
... Stereotaxic surgery. Mice were anesthetized with a ketamine/xylazine mixture (⬃100/10 mg per kg, i.p.) and received two bundles of electrode implantation, one into the CA1 and the other into the ACC, both in the right hemisphere. The coordinates for the ACC were anteroposterior (AP) 0.8 mm anterior ...
Parallel Processing of Appetitive Short- and Long
... formed sequentially after learning and short-term memory (STM) formation, but the nature of the relationship between early and late memory traces remains heavily debated [1–5]. To shed light on this issue, we used an olfactory appetitive conditioning in Drosophila, wherein starved flies learned to a ...
... formed sequentially after learning and short-term memory (STM) formation, but the nature of the relationship between early and late memory traces remains heavily debated [1–5]. To shed light on this issue, we used an olfactory appetitive conditioning in Drosophila, wherein starved flies learned to a ...
From spike frequency to free recall:
... word “locomotive”, 2.) the capacity for rapidly inducing large changes in size of synaptic potentials (long-term potentiation) at the excitatory connections between neurons in this region suggests that this region can more rapidly encode associations than many other pathways. As an initial example, ...
... word “locomotive”, 2.) the capacity for rapidly inducing large changes in size of synaptic potentials (long-term potentiation) at the excitatory connections between neurons in this region suggests that this region can more rapidly encode associations than many other pathways. As an initial example, ...
Regulation of Translation by Essential Amino Acids and Glucose in
... Table 1. Ingredient and chemical composition of total mixed ration........................................... 29 Table 2. Antibodies used for primary incubation of bovine mammary and muscle proteins....... 34 Table 3. Primer sequences for qPCR in bovine mammary and muscle tissue..................... ...
... Table 1. Ingredient and chemical composition of total mixed ration........................................... 29 Table 2. Antibodies used for primary incubation of bovine mammary and muscle proteins....... 34 Table 3. Primer sequences for qPCR in bovine mammary and muscle tissue..................... ...
ROLE OF EARLY ACOUSTIC EXPERIENCE IN DEVELOPMENT OF THE RAT by
... experimental manipulations. Deprivation of sensory inputs during early postnatal development markedly disrupts the structural and functional maturation of neurons, and can result in global reorganization of the associated brain regions (Greenough, Black, & Wallace, 1987). For instance, the absence o ...
... experimental manipulations. Deprivation of sensory inputs during early postnatal development markedly disrupts the structural and functional maturation of neurons, and can result in global reorganization of the associated brain regions (Greenough, Black, & Wallace, 1987). For instance, the absence o ...
Cellular Mechanisms in the Amygdala Involved in Memory
... underlying fear memory will enhance our understanding of biological mechanism to enemies, as well as our ability to develop treatments for individual afflicted with anxiety disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The discovery of long-term potentiation (LTP), a phenomenon in which ...
... underlying fear memory will enhance our understanding of biological mechanism to enemies, as well as our ability to develop treatments for individual afflicted with anxiety disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The discovery of long-term potentiation (LTP), a phenomenon in which ...
Current understanding of fatty acid biosynthesis and the acyl carrier
... FabA converts β-hydroxydecanoyl-ACP into trans-2-decenoylACP and subsequently isomerizes this fatty acyl intermediate to cis-3-decenoyl-ACP (Figure 4) [36,37]. Subsequently, the cis-3decenoyl group undergoes a condensation reaction with another malonyl-ACP group, yielding cis-5-dodecenoyl-ACP, since ...
... FabA converts β-hydroxydecanoyl-ACP into trans-2-decenoylACP and subsequently isomerizes this fatty acyl intermediate to cis-3-decenoyl-ACP (Figure 4) [36,37]. Subsequently, the cis-3decenoyl group undergoes a condensation reaction with another malonyl-ACP group, yielding cis-5-dodecenoyl-ACP, since ...
Sleep Spindles as Facilitators of Memory Formation and Learning
... suggest that spindles can be preferentially triggered in networks that were active in the recent past. In particular, synchronous pre- and postsynaptic spindle-like activity in rat cortex in vitro was shown to induce long-term potentiation of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (Figure 2) while async ...
... suggest that spindles can be preferentially triggered in networks that were active in the recent past. In particular, synchronous pre- and postsynaptic spindle-like activity in rat cortex in vitro was shown to induce long-term potentiation of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (Figure 2) while async ...
Divided by Cytochrome Oxidase: A Map of the Projections from V1 to
... release of BDNF from presynaptic terminals in cortical neurons (37). A recent report (38) provides evidence for activity-dependent postsynaptic release of BDNF from cultured hippocampal neurons. However, because this BDNF release has not yet been directly correlated with LTP recordings, more work is ...
... release of BDNF from presynaptic terminals in cortical neurons (37). A recent report (38) provides evidence for activity-dependent postsynaptic release of BDNF from cultured hippocampal neurons. However, because this BDNF release has not yet been directly correlated with LTP recordings, more work is ...
The Role of Neurotrophins in Neurotransmitter Release
... as though NT signaling plays a fundamental role in both developmental and adult activity-dependent synaptic plasticity through transcriptional and/or translational regulation of proteins, such as those of the SNARE complex, involved in vesicle mobilization, docking, and fusion at the active zone of ...
... as though NT signaling plays a fundamental role in both developmental and adult activity-dependent synaptic plasticity through transcriptional and/or translational regulation of proteins, such as those of the SNARE complex, involved in vesicle mobilization, docking, and fusion at the active zone of ...
Guided outgrowth of leech neurons in culture
... Guided outgrowth of leech neurons by lanes of native ECM protein resembles guidance of DRG neurons [6, 7]. The length of guided neurites, however, is hundreds of micrometers, i.e. distinctly longer than reported for DRG neurons. Leech neurons do not grow on irradiated substrate in contrast to the DR ...
... Guided outgrowth of leech neurons by lanes of native ECM protein resembles guidance of DRG neurons [6, 7]. The length of guided neurites, however, is hundreds of micrometers, i.e. distinctly longer than reported for DRG neurons. Leech neurons do not grow on irradiated substrate in contrast to the DR ...
Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
... DiMattia & Kesner, 1988; Kesner, Farnsworth, & DiMattia, 1989; Kesner, Berman, & Tardif, 1992; Cho et al., 1995) suggests the existence of learning- and memory-related functions in these areas, and the three systems dealt with here undoubtedly interact with these substrates. It is also sometimes sug ...
... DiMattia & Kesner, 1988; Kesner, Farnsworth, & DiMattia, 1989; Kesner, Berman, & Tardif, 1992; Cho et al., 1995) suggests the existence of learning- and memory-related functions in these areas, and the three systems dealt with here undoubtedly interact with these substrates. It is also sometimes sug ...
Effects of lithium and valproate on amphetamine
... dysfunction and apoptosis. This might be relevant for the pathogenesis of BD, because in-vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies have demonstrated changes in brain compounds related to oxidative phosphorylation, energy production and phospholipid metabolism. 7 In addition, it has been hypothesi ...
... dysfunction and apoptosis. This might be relevant for the pathogenesis of BD, because in-vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies have demonstrated changes in brain compounds related to oxidative phosphorylation, energy production and phospholipid metabolism. 7 In addition, it has been hypothesi ...
Enzymatic Activities for the Synthesis of Chlorophyll in Pigment
... the white sectors, as well as in the green ones (Fig. 3B). The levels of expression of tRNAPhe in the white and green sectors, which were measured for a reference, were similar to those of tRNAGlu (data not shown). These results indicated that some of the nucleus- and plastid-derived components of t ...
... the white sectors, as well as in the green ones (Fig. 3B). The levels of expression of tRNAPhe in the white and green sectors, which were measured for a reference, were similar to those of tRNAGlu (data not shown). These results indicated that some of the nucleus- and plastid-derived components of t ...
Local Gene Expression in Axons and Nerve Endings: The Glia
... required, and concurrently provide the spatial coordinates required for a correct delivery. In turn, proteins synthesized by the cell body would likewise be expected to contain enough information to correctly guide them through the multiple axonal branches they needed to cross before reaching their ...
... required, and concurrently provide the spatial coordinates required for a correct delivery. In turn, proteins synthesized by the cell body would likewise be expected to contain enough information to correctly guide them through the multiple axonal branches they needed to cross before reaching their ...
Spike-timing dependent plasticity and the cognitive map
... field potential (LFP) that dominate the hippocampal EEG during stereotyped learning behavior (Buzsaki, 2006; O’Keefe, 2007). Inhibitory input to each simulated neuron at each millisecond time step is drawn randomly from a Gaussian distribution with mean Iinh = −15(1 − θ) and standard deviation σinh ...
... field potential (LFP) that dominate the hippocampal EEG during stereotyped learning behavior (Buzsaki, 2006; O’Keefe, 2007). Inhibitory input to each simulated neuron at each millisecond time step is drawn randomly from a Gaussian distribution with mean Iinh = −15(1 − θ) and standard deviation σinh ...
Cholinergic modulation of cognitive processing: insights drawn from computational models Kishan Gupta
... post-synaptic sites (and is functionally related to the M3 and M5 receptors). The M1 receptor mediates post-synaptic effects of the activation of muscarinic receptors, including depolarization and suppression of spike-frequency accommodation (Dasari and Gulledge, 2011). M2 receptors are located at b ...
... post-synaptic sites (and is functionally related to the M3 and M5 receptors). The M1 receptor mediates post-synaptic effects of the activation of muscarinic receptors, including depolarization and suppression of spike-frequency accommodation (Dasari and Gulledge, 2011). M2 receptors are located at b ...
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Mediates Activity
... Bolton et al., 2000; Turrigiano and Nelson, 2000). A putative mediator of various effects of electrical activity is brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophin acting on tyrosine kinase (Trk)B receptors and implicated in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity (Thoenen, 1995; Bonho ...
... Bolton et al., 2000; Turrigiano and Nelson, 2000). A putative mediator of various effects of electrical activity is brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophin acting on tyrosine kinase (Trk)B receptors and implicated in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity (Thoenen, 1995; Bonho ...
Processes Changes in Acetylcholine Extracellular Levels
... of behavior. As already mentioned, Watanabe et al. (1990) demonstrated a relationship between motor activity and ACh from the striatum, a structure involved in motor activity control. The same amount of motor activity is needed for the acquisition of an operant behavior, during which attention is re ...
... of behavior. As already mentioned, Watanabe et al. (1990) demonstrated a relationship between motor activity and ACh from the striatum, a structure involved in motor activity control. The same amount of motor activity is needed for the acquisition of an operant behavior, during which attention is re ...
Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism During and After Exercise
... leucine, valine, and isoleucine, which together account for 20% of the total amino acids released from protein. Muscle contains all of the other essential amino acids, which, of course, is why it is such a valuable food. A useful concept in muscle protein metabolism is the relationship between the a ...
... leucine, valine, and isoleucine, which together account for 20% of the total amino acids released from protein. Muscle contains all of the other essential amino acids, which, of course, is why it is such a valuable food. A useful concept in muscle protein metabolism is the relationship between the a ...
Amygdala-Prefrontal Synchronization Underlies Resistance to
... two-way ANOVA). In both the amygdala and the dACC, responsive cells were homogeneously distributed within our recording borders (Figure S2C, p > 0.2 for all, bootstrap analysis), suggesting that they represent an activity pattern common in wide parts of these two structures. In addition, there was n ...
... two-way ANOVA). In both the amygdala and the dACC, responsive cells were homogeneously distributed within our recording borders (Figure S2C, p > 0.2 for all, bootstrap analysis), suggesting that they represent an activity pattern common in wide parts of these two structures. In addition, there was n ...
Hippocampal contributions to language
... CHAPTER 1: SIGNIFICANCE AND SPECIFIC AIMS This thesis brings together the study of two quintessential human capacities, memory and language, by examining the role of the hippocampal declarative memory system (HDMS) in language processing and use. At the heart of this proposal is the idea that the sa ...
... CHAPTER 1: SIGNIFICANCE AND SPECIFIC AIMS This thesis brings together the study of two quintessential human capacities, memory and language, by examining the role of the hippocampal declarative memory system (HDMS) in language processing and use. At the heart of this proposal is the idea that the sa ...