Molecular Pathways of Endoplasmic Reticulum
... Abnormally synthesized or metabolized Ca2+ binding proteins can be found in brain pathological states, such as Alzheimer´s disease, schizophrenia and epilepsy. In addition, the Ca2+ binding proteins can also be used as predictive marker in other pathologies e.g. melanoma (van Ginkel et al. 1998). ...
... Abnormally synthesized or metabolized Ca2+ binding proteins can be found in brain pathological states, such as Alzheimer´s disease, schizophrenia and epilepsy. In addition, the Ca2+ binding proteins can also be used as predictive marker in other pathologies e.g. melanoma (van Ginkel et al. 1998). ...
Retrieval induces adaptive forgetting of competing memories via
... traces, providing a window into the suppression process thought to underlie adaptive forgetting in the human brain. Our effort to observe the dynamics of adaptive forgetting builds on work examining the neural processes associated with retrieval competition. One approach used multi-voxel pattern ana ...
... traces, providing a window into the suppression process thought to underlie adaptive forgetting in the human brain. Our effort to observe the dynamics of adaptive forgetting builds on work examining the neural processes associated with retrieval competition. One approach used multi-voxel pattern ana ...
computational and in vitro studies of persistent activity
... and structural properties of the system. The surface B presents a monostable configuration, so that the ball always ends up in the same location irrespective of where it started. This particular case shows that monostable systems are not useful to encode a memory, because there is no way that one ca ...
... and structural properties of the system. The surface B presents a monostable configuration, so that the ball always ends up in the same location irrespective of where it started. This particular case shows that monostable systems are not useful to encode a memory, because there is no way that one ca ...
Neonatal Ethanol Exposure Impairs Trace Fear Conditioning and
... In the DH and mPFC, NMDARs play an important role in the encoding and consolidation of TFC. For instance, pretraining infusions of an NMDAR antagonist into either region impairs TFC, as evidenced by reduced freezing behavior during context and CS retention testing (Gilmartin and Helmstetter, 2010; Q ...
... In the DH and mPFC, NMDARs play an important role in the encoding and consolidation of TFC. For instance, pretraining infusions of an NMDAR antagonist into either region impairs TFC, as evidenced by reduced freezing behavior during context and CS retention testing (Gilmartin and Helmstetter, 2010; Q ...
Molecular and morphological analyses of basal forebrain
... morphogenetic, cell-to-cell and autocrine/paracrine signaling mechanisms (Dale et al., 1997; Sussel et al., 1999). As a result, cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain differentiate and project their axon terminals to the hippocampus and cerebral cortex where they release acetylcholine to modulat ...
... morphogenetic, cell-to-cell and autocrine/paracrine signaling mechanisms (Dale et al., 1997; Sussel et al., 1999). As a result, cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain differentiate and project their axon terminals to the hippocampus and cerebral cortex where they release acetylcholine to modulat ...
Quinto trabajo
... the number of NeuN-positive cells in these regions was examined in adult animals. No significant differences were observed in the density of NeuN-positive cells (cells /mm2) between wild-type and Bax KO animals, in any of the regions examined (Striatum: wild-type, 83,340 ± 7877; KO, 86,280 ± 5240; C ...
... the number of NeuN-positive cells in these regions was examined in adult animals. No significant differences were observed in the density of NeuN-positive cells (cells /mm2) between wild-type and Bax KO animals, in any of the regions examined (Striatum: wild-type, 83,340 ± 7877; KO, 86,280 ± 5240; C ...
Synaptic Pruning in Development: A Novel Account in Neural Terms
... (e.g. 2 weeks for the macaque monkeys [Bourgeois, 1993]). The changes in synaptic density are not a result of changes in total brain volume, but re ect true synaptic elimination [Rakic et al., 1994]. In some cases, synaptic elimination was shown to be correlated with experience-dependent activity [S ...
... (e.g. 2 weeks for the macaque monkeys [Bourgeois, 1993]). The changes in synaptic density are not a result of changes in total brain volume, but re ect true synaptic elimination [Rakic et al., 1994]. In some cases, synaptic elimination was shown to be correlated with experience-dependent activity [S ...
Document
... More in details, NGF consists of three subunits, a, b and g which interact to form a 7S complex of approximately 27 kDa in weight. The 7S complex contains two identical 118 amino acid b chains, which are solely responsible for the trophic activity of NGF. Mature b-NGF is synthesized from prepro-b NG ...
... More in details, NGF consists of three subunits, a, b and g which interact to form a 7S complex of approximately 27 kDa in weight. The 7S complex contains two identical 118 amino acid b chains, which are solely responsible for the trophic activity of NGF. Mature b-NGF is synthesized from prepro-b NG ...
Inan et al., 2006
... map development. Adcy1 is a Ca 2⫹/calmodulin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase that catalyzes the formation of cAMP when Ca 2⫹ concentrations increase, which occurs as a result of activation of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) (Wang and Storm, 2003). The main target of cAMP is PKA, a kinase strongly implicated in ...
... map development. Adcy1 is a Ca 2⫹/calmodulin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase that catalyzes the formation of cAMP when Ca 2⫹ concentrations increase, which occurs as a result of activation of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) (Wang and Storm, 2003). The main target of cAMP is PKA, a kinase strongly implicated in ...
Neural and cognitive mechanisms underlying human
... given moment we could either lay down a distinctive memory trace to allow for subsequent retrieval, or we could retrieve memories that are related to the familiar components of an unfolding event. This conflict leads to certain crucial questions about the human memory system: Are we able to simultan ...
... given moment we could either lay down a distinctive memory trace to allow for subsequent retrieval, or we could retrieve memories that are related to the familiar components of an unfolding event. This conflict leads to certain crucial questions about the human memory system: Are we able to simultan ...
Cell type-specific activation of p38 MAPK in the brain regions of
... 2.4. SDS–PAGE and Western blot analysis The phosphorylation and protein expression levels of p38 MAPK were analyzed by Western blot as reported previously (Long et al., 2006; Niu et al., 2005). Briefly, 50 mg of protein from the whole tissue homogenate of each sample was loaded in 10% SDS–PAGE gel. ...
... 2.4. SDS–PAGE and Western blot analysis The phosphorylation and protein expression levels of p38 MAPK were analyzed by Western blot as reported previously (Long et al., 2006; Niu et al., 2005). Briefly, 50 mg of protein from the whole tissue homogenate of each sample was loaded in 10% SDS–PAGE gel. ...
Optimal Recall from Bounded Metaplastic Synapses: Predicting
... affecting the speed of recall). The essence of our approach is that there is a tight coupling between the specifics of the learning rule governing memory storage and the dynamics of the circuit during recall. This approach has already helped reveal some basic principles of efficient memory recall in ...
... affecting the speed of recall). The essence of our approach is that there is a tight coupling between the specifics of the learning rule governing memory storage and the dynamics of the circuit during recall. This approach has already helped reveal some basic principles of efficient memory recall in ...
Author`s personal copy - Sleep, Stress, and Memory Lab
... episodic memories and spatial memories are closely connected. Second, there are semantic memories, which are concerned with the knowledge one acquires during events but is itself separated from the specific event in question. Thus, our knowledge about the meaning of words and facts about the world, ...
... episodic memories and spatial memories are closely connected. Second, there are semantic memories, which are concerned with the knowledge one acquires during events but is itself separated from the specific event in question. Thus, our knowledge about the meaning of words and facts about the world, ...
Neuronal Regulation Implements Efficient Synaptic Pruning
... of neuronal down-regulation during early infancy is to maintain neuronal activity at its baseline levels while facing continuous increase in the number and efficacy of synapses [3]. Focusing on up-regulation, our work shows that NR has another important interesting effect: that of modifying and prun ...
... of neuronal down-regulation during early infancy is to maintain neuronal activity at its baseline levels while facing continuous increase in the number and efficacy of synapses [3]. Focusing on up-regulation, our work shows that NR has another important interesting effect: that of modifying and prun ...
Estrogen Actions Throughout the Brain
... intracellular progestin receptors. A new, rapid method of radioimmunocytochemistry has made possible the demonstration of synapse formation by labeling and quantifying the specific synaptic and dendritic molecules involved. Although NMDA receptor activation is required for synapse formation, inhibit ...
... intracellular progestin receptors. A new, rapid method of radioimmunocytochemistry has made possible the demonstration of synapse formation by labeling and quantifying the specific synaptic and dendritic molecules involved. Although NMDA receptor activation is required for synapse formation, inhibit ...
Effects of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Antagonist MCPG
... consequence of PI turnover is the generation of two second messengers, diacylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol trisphosphate, leading in turn to activation of protein kinase C and the release of intracellular calcium stores (Berridge, 1984). Thus, it has been suggested that differences in the patter ...
... consequence of PI turnover is the generation of two second messengers, diacylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol trisphosphate, leading in turn to activation of protein kinase C and the release of intracellular calcium stores (Berridge, 1984). Thus, it has been suggested that differences in the patter ...
Comparison of the activities of protein disulphide
... N29 sealed, and left in the dark for 20-24 h at room temperature (20 °C). The reaction mixture was then acidified to pH 4.0 with acetic acid and separated from the reductant by gel filtration through Sephadex G-25 with 0.1 M-acetic acid containing 8 Murea. Assays for free thiol groups with 5,5'-dith ...
... N29 sealed, and left in the dark for 20-24 h at room temperature (20 °C). The reaction mixture was then acidified to pH 4.0 with acetic acid and separated from the reductant by gel filtration through Sephadex G-25 with 0.1 M-acetic acid containing 8 Murea. Assays for free thiol groups with 5,5'-dith ...
Expression of the BDNF gene in the developing
... standard identical with the endogenous mRNA in the sequence to be amplified with the exception of a mutated base, according to the method of Becker-André and Hahlbrock, 1989 (see also Fig. 1). The recovery standard was prepared according to the protocol of Higuchi (1990) with 2 oligonucleotides flan ...
... standard identical with the endogenous mRNA in the sequence to be amplified with the exception of a mutated base, according to the method of Becker-André and Hahlbrock, 1989 (see also Fig. 1). The recovery standard was prepared according to the protocol of Higuchi (1990) with 2 oligonucleotides flan ...
Program - Albion
... produced in response to olfactory classical conditioning. We have identified five different traces that form in different neurons in the olfactory nervous system with different temporal kinetics after acquisition. Three traces appear to correspond to short‐term memory, one to the consolidation pro ...
... produced in response to olfactory classical conditioning. We have identified five different traces that form in different neurons in the olfactory nervous system with different temporal kinetics after acquisition. Three traces appear to correspond to short‐term memory, one to the consolidation pro ...
Local functions for FMRP in axon growth cone motility and activity
... mouse FMR1 knockout models (Brown et al., 2001; Lu et al., 2004). Furthermore, in Drosophila, genetic and biochemical interactions have been observed between dFMRP and the small GTPase Rac1 which regulate the actin cytoskeleton (Schenck et al., 2003). Furthermore, in Drosophila, dFMRP was shown to r ...
... mouse FMR1 knockout models (Brown et al., 2001; Lu et al., 2004). Furthermore, in Drosophila, genetic and biochemical interactions have been observed between dFMRP and the small GTPase Rac1 which regulate the actin cytoskeleton (Schenck et al., 2003). Furthermore, in Drosophila, dFMRP was shown to r ...
A scientific theory of ars memoriae: spatial view cells in a continuous
... as shown in Eq. (1) below (Rolls and Treves, 1998; Rolls, 2016). The operation and properties of autoassociation or attractor networks have been described in detail elsewhere (Hopfield, 1982; Hertz et al., 1991; Treves and Rolls, 1991; Samsonovich and McNaughton, 1997; Rolls and Treves, 1998; Rolls, ...
... as shown in Eq. (1) below (Rolls and Treves, 1998; Rolls, 2016). The operation and properties of autoassociation or attractor networks have been described in detail elsewhere (Hopfield, 1982; Hertz et al., 1991; Treves and Rolls, 1991; Samsonovich and McNaughton, 1997; Rolls and Treves, 1998; Rolls, ...
Exposure to As-, Cd-, and Pb-Mixture Induces Ab, Amyloidogenic
... (Hardy and Selkoe, 2002; Selkoe and Schenk, 2003). Ab accumulation in brain disrupts neuronal activity that evokes progressive loss of cognition (Dodart et al., 2000; Pozueta et al., 2013). Arsenic is reported to affect expression and processing of APP in neuronal cells (Dewji et al., 1995; Zarazua ...
... (Hardy and Selkoe, 2002; Selkoe and Schenk, 2003). Ab accumulation in brain disrupts neuronal activity that evokes progressive loss of cognition (Dodart et al., 2000; Pozueta et al., 2013). Arsenic is reported to affect expression and processing of APP in neuronal cells (Dewji et al., 1995; Zarazua ...
Effects of Repeated Administration of 3,4
... Also previous studies have shown that the high-dose of MDMA leads to neurotoxic effects such as neuronal apoptosis, reduced neuronal viability, and mitochondrial damage (Jimenez et al., 2004). It has also been shown that MDMA induces apoptosis, oxidative stress, and increased transcription of the ce ...
... Also previous studies have shown that the high-dose of MDMA leads to neurotoxic effects such as neuronal apoptosis, reduced neuronal viability, and mitochondrial damage (Jimenez et al., 2004). It has also been shown that MDMA induces apoptosis, oxidative stress, and increased transcription of the ce ...
Piracetam and other structurally related nootropics
... Almost thirty years have now passed since the discovery of the piracetam-like nootropics. The term nootropiC92794,95 was coined by Giurgea in 1972, from Greek BOOS(~00s) (mind) and Greek tropos (T~OTOS) (turn), to describe the then netily discovered properties of these compounds: (1) enhancement of ...
... Almost thirty years have now passed since the discovery of the piracetam-like nootropics. The term nootropiC92794,95 was coined by Giurgea in 1972, from Greek BOOS(~00s) (mind) and Greek tropos (T~OTOS) (turn), to describe the then netily discovered properties of these compounds: (1) enhancement of ...
WHAT IS THE MAMMALIAN DENTATE GYRUS GOOD FOR? Alessandro Treves
... After elaborating his grand memory theories of the cerebellum and of the neocortex, the young David Marr turned to what he regarded as little more than a straightforward exercise, and developed a theory for archicortex, i.e. the hippocampus (Marr, 1971). He put together in brilliant mathematical for ...
... After elaborating his grand memory theories of the cerebellum and of the neocortex, the young David Marr turned to what he regarded as little more than a straightforward exercise, and developed a theory for archicortex, i.e. the hippocampus (Marr, 1971). He put together in brilliant mathematical for ...