PDF file
... Neocognitron while its neural layers are dynamically generated from sensing experience and, thus, the architecture is a function of sensory signals. The above two networks have built-in shift-invariance in that weights are copied across neurons centered at different retinal positions. However, other ...
... Neocognitron while its neural layers are dynamically generated from sensing experience and, thus, the architecture is a function of sensory signals. The above two networks have built-in shift-invariance in that weights are copied across neurons centered at different retinal positions. However, other ...
Learning sensory maps with real-world stimuli in real time using a
... potentials are modulated by this inhibition preventing potentiation of their active synapses. This dynamic seems to be reflected in the physiology of the visual system where the optimality of the tuning of a neuron seems to be directly reflected in its response latency to a stimulus [24]. Given the ...
... potentials are modulated by this inhibition preventing potentiation of their active synapses. This dynamic seems to be reflected in the physiology of the visual system where the optimality of the tuning of a neuron seems to be directly reflected in its response latency to a stimulus [24]. Given the ...
Analogical Reasoning: A Core of Cognition
... fish can be analyzed as the solution to the following analogy: mammals : lungs :: fish : X. Here the word gills refers to whatever the analogical relation constructs for X. What is mentioned in the surface structure of the metaphoric expression is typically a cross domain role relation meaning X pla ...
... fish can be analyzed as the solution to the following analogy: mammals : lungs :: fish : X. Here the word gills refers to whatever the analogical relation constructs for X. What is mentioned in the surface structure of the metaphoric expression is typically a cross domain role relation meaning X pla ...
Scientific Discovery Learning with Computer Simulations of
... simulations. Thirdly, we found papers in which empirical data were gathered (through e.g., log files or thinking aloud procedures) on discovery learning processes. In the fourth type of papers experimental studies are described in which simulation environments are evaluated against expository teachi ...
... simulations. Thirdly, we found papers in which empirical data were gathered (through e.g., log files or thinking aloud procedures) on discovery learning processes. In the fourth type of papers experimental studies are described in which simulation environments are evaluated against expository teachi ...
PDF
... the subjective values, of available actions. As actions are executed, the expected immediate consequences (ensuing states and rewards) can be compared to actual consequences to continuously update the model. The advantage of this model-based system is that it is up to date and flexible, taking into ...
... the subjective values, of available actions. As actions are executed, the expected immediate consequences (ensuing states and rewards) can be compared to actual consequences to continuously update the model. The advantage of this model-based system is that it is up to date and flexible, taking into ...
Motor learning in man: A review of functional and clinical studies
... PMC during the initial stages of learning as compared to the advanced stages. The task they investigated required subjects to learn sequences of key-presses by auditory feedback. These authors attributed feedback processing to the activation during early learning. During learning, subjects had to ma ...
... PMC during the initial stages of learning as compared to the advanced stages. The task they investigated required subjects to learn sequences of key-presses by auditory feedback. These authors attributed feedback processing to the activation during early learning. During learning, subjects had to ma ...
Full Text
... geometric-optical illusions in nineteenth century. However, originated in some of the previous theories, a very important era for the theoretical formulation of illusions began around 1960s leading to the development of very interesting theories later during the past and present centuries. Some of s ...
... geometric-optical illusions in nineteenth century. However, originated in some of the previous theories, a very important era for the theoretical formulation of illusions began around 1960s leading to the development of very interesting theories later during the past and present centuries. Some of s ...
What is learning? On the nature and merits of a... definition of learning THEORETICAL REVIEW
... are not necessary for learning to occur. Ever since Tolman and Honzik (1930), we know that experiences at time 1 (e.g., exploring a maze in which no food is available) that do not appear to have any effect on behavior at that point in time can suddenly influence behavior at a subsequent time 2 (e.g. ...
... are not necessary for learning to occur. Ever since Tolman and Honzik (1930), we know that experiences at time 1 (e.g., exploring a maze in which no food is available) that do not appear to have any effect on behavior at that point in time can suddenly influence behavior at a subsequent time 2 (e.g. ...
Modelling fast stimulus-response association learning along the
... normalization mechanisms (see e.g. Krichmar et al., 2005). The second problem is linked to incremental learning. A standard approach in weight learning is to apply the inputs and let the learning rule increase the weights with small increments until some termination condition is met, e.g. the neuron ...
... normalization mechanisms (see e.g. Krichmar et al., 2005). The second problem is linked to incremental learning. A standard approach in weight learning is to apply the inputs and let the learning rule increase the weights with small increments until some termination condition is met, e.g. the neuron ...
learning and behaviour - University of Calicut
... conscious and non-conscious learning as well as activities. Sequences of information or sequences of actions are used in various everyday tasks: "from sequencing sounds in speech, to sequencing movements in typing or playing instruments, to sequencing actions in driving an automobile".Sequence learn ...
... conscious and non-conscious learning as well as activities. Sequences of information or sequences of actions are used in various everyday tasks: "from sequencing sounds in speech, to sequencing movements in typing or playing instruments, to sequencing actions in driving an automobile".Sequence learn ...
Chapter 4 monkey
... influenced the latency of the target selection signal. Before learning, the monkeys reached a fast, uninformed decision that was associated with an early FEF selection signal. After learning, the selection signal took more time to develop, and performance improved. We conclude that neurons in area F ...
... influenced the latency of the target selection signal. Before learning, the monkeys reached a fast, uninformed decision that was associated with an early FEF selection signal. After learning, the selection signal took more time to develop, and performance improved. We conclude that neurons in area F ...
Goal-direction and top-down control
... ancestors was presumably towards faster learning, whereas only later were resources available to add a slower, more judicious and flexible cortex. We propose that learning of the associations needed for goal-directed behaviour occurs in a similar manner: the BG, a set of subcortical structures, rapi ...
... ancestors was presumably towards faster learning, whereas only later were resources available to add a slower, more judicious and flexible cortex. We propose that learning of the associations needed for goal-directed behaviour occurs in a similar manner: the BG, a set of subcortical structures, rapi ...
Proceedings of 2014 BMI the Third International Conference on
... behavioral level. Learning is known to be specific to the trained retinal location and orientation, which places important constraints on perceptual learning theories, many of which assume that perceptual learning occurs in the early visual areas that are retinotopic and orientation selective. Howev ...
... behavioral level. Learning is known to be specific to the trained retinal location and orientation, which places important constraints on perceptual learning theories, many of which assume that perceptual learning occurs in the early visual areas that are retinotopic and orientation selective. Howev ...
Use A for True, B for False
... Your text includes many examples of learning. In your readings so far (through Chapter 5), the number involving human behavior is a. none ...
... Your text includes many examples of learning. In your readings so far (through Chapter 5), the number involving human behavior is a. none ...
Reinforcement - Karl Pribram
... organism. Such a process has been stated mathematically (MacKey. 1956),;. its implications for psychology (e.g., in percep~ readiness) have been detailed (Bruner, 1957). Here it is necessary only to point to the facts of the process and to ask what its existence means for the contiguity position. Co ...
... organism. Such a process has been stated mathematically (MacKey. 1956),;. its implications for psychology (e.g., in percep~ readiness) have been detailed (Bruner, 1957). Here it is necessary only to point to the facts of the process and to ask what its existence means for the contiguity position. Co ...
InterimSummary The Nature of Learning
... Learning refers to the process by which experiences change our nervous system and hence our behavior. We refer to these changes as memories. Although it is convenient to describe memories as if they were notes placed in filing cabinets, this is certainly not the way experiences are reflected within ...
... Learning refers to the process by which experiences change our nervous system and hence our behavior. We refer to these changes as memories. Although it is convenient to describe memories as if they were notes placed in filing cabinets, this is certainly not the way experiences are reflected within ...
Multiple Systems for Value Learning
... system, then it would evaluate the action in terms of its consequence (the food) and its desirability (low), and correctly decide not to press the lever. This makes sense, but it stands in contrast to how a stimulus response learner would behave. In that case, the behavior would only be controlled ...
... system, then it would evaluate the action in terms of its consequence (the food) and its desirability (low), and correctly decide not to press the lever. This makes sense, but it stands in contrast to how a stimulus response learner would behave. In that case, the behavior would only be controlled ...
Branching Thalamic Afferents Link Action and Perception
... (1994). They look for models of visual processing that relate more closely to the continuous interactions between action and perception, and consider a number of psychophysical phenomena that do not fit readily into a theory of “Pure Vision.” They report on anatomical connections that appear to argu ...
... (1994). They look for models of visual processing that relate more closely to the continuous interactions between action and perception, and consider a number of psychophysical phenomena that do not fit readily into a theory of “Pure Vision.” They report on anatomical connections that appear to argu ...
Parallel contributions of distinct human memory systems during
... The paradigm was a variant of a previously used reward learning task (Delgado et al., 2005) adapted to incorporate features of other probabilistic learning paradigms (e.g., Poldrack et al., 2001; Shohamy et al., 2004). In this “card game,” participants were expected to learn the correct response ass ...
... The paradigm was a variant of a previously used reward learning task (Delgado et al., 2005) adapted to incorporate features of other probabilistic learning paradigms (e.g., Poldrack et al., 2001; Shohamy et al., 2004). In this “card game,” participants were expected to learn the correct response ass ...
Where Do Features Come From?
... for each pair of connected units, the expected product of their binary activities is sampled. The same computation is then performed when the Boltzmann machine is generating visible vectors from its stationary distribution. The weight update is then proportional to the difference of the expected pro ...
... for each pair of connected units, the expected product of their binary activities is sampled. The same computation is then performed when the Boltzmann machine is generating visible vectors from its stationary distribution. The weight update is then proportional to the difference of the expected pro ...
Visual adaptation: Neural, psychological and computational aspects
... this argument only applies to stimuli taken from a correlated Gaussian distribution. Despite this theoretical limitation, simple cells in the primary visual cortex (V1) appear to follow such an optimization principle in their response to low spatial frequencies (Sharpee et al., 2006). When probed wi ...
... this argument only applies to stimuli taken from a correlated Gaussian distribution. Despite this theoretical limitation, simple cells in the primary visual cortex (V1) appear to follow such an optimization principle in their response to low spatial frequencies (Sharpee et al., 2006). When probed wi ...
Minireview Embarrassed, but Not Depressed: Eye Opening Lessons
... bidirectional plasticity. Given what is already known, we can be wrong by at most a factor of two! • Temporal conjunction for plasticity. Behaviorally based studies agree that in order to support learning, LTD should be maximal when parallel fiber activity occurs at least 100 ms before a complex spi ...
... bidirectional plasticity. Given what is already known, we can be wrong by at most a factor of two! • Temporal conjunction for plasticity. Behaviorally based studies agree that in order to support learning, LTD should be maximal when parallel fiber activity occurs at least 100 ms before a complex spi ...
Perceptual Biases and Mate Choice
... changes in the environment has also been observed at both peripheral (Wilczynski & Ryan 1999, Witte et al. 2005) and central (e.g., Langemann et al. 1998) processing stages. Studies of auditory tuning in the basilar papilla membrane or auditory midbrain of amphibians have demonstrated shifting sensi ...
... changes in the environment has also been observed at both peripheral (Wilczynski & Ryan 1999, Witte et al. 2005) and central (e.g., Langemann et al. 1998) processing stages. Studies of auditory tuning in the basilar papilla membrane or auditory midbrain of amphibians have demonstrated shifting sensi ...
Neurons with Two Sites of Synaptic Integration Learn Invariant
... respect to some stimulus features with invariant responses to other stimulus features. For example, in primary visual cortex, complex cells code for orientation of a contour but ignore its position to a certain degree. In higher areas, such as the inferotemporal cortex, translation-invariant, rotati ...
... respect to some stimulus features with invariant responses to other stimulus features. For example, in primary visual cortex, complex cells code for orientation of a contour but ignore its position to a certain degree. In higher areas, such as the inferotemporal cortex, translation-invariant, rotati ...
Research paper: Perceptual and Visual Void on the Architectural
... discussions about the physical dimension while dealing with the space and form concepts. It is because both form and space include semantic expressions, as well. Since ancient times, considering the use of basic forms in architecture, it can be said that the pure geometry of form has been deformed d ...
... discussions about the physical dimension while dealing with the space and form concepts. It is because both form and space include semantic expressions, as well. Since ancient times, considering the use of basic forms in architecture, it can be said that the pure geometry of form has been deformed d ...