VALUE-DEPENDENT SELECTION IN THE BRAIN: SIMULATION IN
... to the value system itself was shown to significantly improve behavioral performance. This plasticity also allowed learning of a simulated auditory discrimination task when a visual stimulus was used as a secondary reinforcer, even when the visual stimulus proper did not elicit any intrinsic or inna ...
... to the value system itself was shown to significantly improve behavioral performance. This plasticity also allowed learning of a simulated auditory discrimination task when a visual stimulus was used as a secondary reinforcer, even when the visual stimulus proper did not elicit any intrinsic or inna ...
Building Machines That Learn and Think Like People
... and other capacities we describe in the sections that follow. More structure and inductive biases could be built into the networks or learned from previous experience with related tasks, leading to more human-like patterns of learning and development. Networks may learn to effectively search for and ...
... and other capacities we describe in the sections that follow. More structure and inductive biases could be built into the networks or learned from previous experience with related tasks, leading to more human-like patterns of learning and development. Networks may learn to effectively search for and ...
arXiv:1604.00289v3 [cs.AI] 2 Nov 2016
... developing more human-like learning machines: They have been applied in compelling ways to many types of machine learning problems, demonstrating the power of gradient-based learning and deep hierarchies of latent variables. Neural networks also have a rich history as computational models of cogniti ...
... developing more human-like learning machines: They have been applied in compelling ways to many types of machine learning problems, demonstrating the power of gradient-based learning and deep hierarchies of latent variables. Neural networks also have a rich history as computational models of cogniti ...
Learning in the oculomotor system: from molecules to behavior
... the gain of the VOR is induced; whereas, if head movements are paired with movements of the visual surround in the opposite direction from the head movements, a gradual increase in the gain of the VOR is induced. The circuit for the VOR contains several parallel pathways from the vestibular afferent ...
... the gain of the VOR is induced; whereas, if head movements are paired with movements of the visual surround in the opposite direction from the head movements, a gradual increase in the gain of the VOR is induced. The circuit for the VOR contains several parallel pathways from the vestibular afferent ...
Cortex-inspired Developmental Learning for Vision-based Navigation, Attention and Recognition
... Over a half century has passed since Alan Turing’s pioneering paper about the possibility of machine intelligence, titled “Computing Machinery and Intelligence”. Since then, the artificial intelligence community has largely followed a path of hand-designed symbolic representation: Given a task to be ...
... Over a half century has passed since Alan Turing’s pioneering paper about the possibility of machine intelligence, titled “Computing Machinery and Intelligence”. Since then, the artificial intelligence community has largely followed a path of hand-designed symbolic representation: Given a task to be ...
High-Level Perception, Representation, and
... representation? Even if we have determined precisely which data are relevant, and we have determined the desired framework for the representation—a frame-based representation, for instance—we still face the problem of organizing the data into the representational form in a useful way. The data do n ...
... representation? Even if we have determined precisely which data are relevant, and we have determined the desired framework for the representation—a frame-based representation, for instance—we still face the problem of organizing the data into the representational form in a useful way. The data do n ...
Intelligent Information Retrieval and Web Search
... • Subsume all other SRL models that are special cases of first-order logic or probabilistic graphical models [Richardson 04] • Publicly available software package: Alchemy ...
... • Subsume all other SRL models that are special cases of first-order logic or probabilistic graphical models [Richardson 04] • Publicly available software package: Alchemy ...
contextual influences on visual processing
... language areas of the human brain armed only with nonlanguage stimuli such as frequency-modulated audible noise. Imagine further that, using these stimuli, you make the remarkable discovery that the responses of neurons within Wernicke’s area (for example) are correlated with behavioral judgments (o ...
... language areas of the human brain armed only with nonlanguage stimuli such as frequency-modulated audible noise. Imagine further that, using these stimuli, you make the remarkable discovery that the responses of neurons within Wernicke’s area (for example) are correlated with behavioral judgments (o ...
Rewardguided learning beyond dopamine in the nucleus
... reward, monkeys were trained to associate a stimulus with the delivery of juice (Waelti et al., 2001) and subsequently respond to the stimulus with a CR – anticipatory licking. The monkey’s licking could be goaldirected, because it believes it is necessary to obtain juice. Alternatively, licking can ...
... reward, monkeys were trained to associate a stimulus with the delivery of juice (Waelti et al., 2001) and subsequently respond to the stimulus with a CR – anticipatory licking. The monkey’s licking could be goaldirected, because it believes it is necessary to obtain juice. Alternatively, licking can ...
Linking Neural Activity to Visual Perception: Separating Sensory and
... 2. Area MT and visual motion perception as a model system We can use the specialization of visual cortical neurons to begin understanding how they support visual perception. This is accomplished by comparing the activity of a neuron to the responses of an observer performing a perceptual task [1]. N ...
... 2. Area MT and visual motion perception as a model system We can use the specialization of visual cortical neurons to begin understanding how they support visual perception. This is accomplished by comparing the activity of a neuron to the responses of an observer performing a perceptual task [1]. N ...
Tracking the Emergence of Conceptual Knowledge during Human
... pattern (i.e., a learning curve). To achieve this, we employed a dynamic estimation technique that has previously been used to correlate neural activity with binary performance data during learning experiments in monkeys (Wirth et al., 2003) and during human fMRI (Law et al., 2005), termed the state ...
... pattern (i.e., a learning curve). To achieve this, we employed a dynamic estimation technique that has previously been used to correlate neural activity with binary performance data during learning experiments in monkeys (Wirth et al., 2003) and during human fMRI (Law et al., 2005), termed the state ...
PDF
... why an already predicted unconditional stimulus will not support conditioning of an additional conditional stimulus (as in blocking; Kamin, 1969); why differently salient conditional stimuli presented together might become differentially associated with an unconditional stimulus (as in overshadowing ...
... why an already predicted unconditional stimulus will not support conditioning of an additional conditional stimulus (as in blocking; Kamin, 1969); why differently salient conditional stimuli presented together might become differentially associated with an unconditional stimulus (as in overshadowing ...
A perceptual representation in the frontal eye field during covert
... then were defined as the beginnings and ends of the monotonic changes in eye position that lasted for at least 10 ms. A lever turn was defined as a turn > 15 from vertical. The beginning and end of each lever turn were defined as the beginning and end of the monotonic change in lever position before a ...
... then were defined as the beginnings and ends of the monotonic changes in eye position that lasted for at least 10 ms. A lever turn was defined as a turn > 15 from vertical. The beginning and end of each lever turn were defined as the beginning and end of the monotonic change in lever position before a ...
Learning to represent reward structure: A key to adapting to complex
... Thus, the essential elements of the hypothesis include the fact that the states are external events, and the corresponding reward prediction and error. These are frequently regarded in the field as a default value-based decision-making process. Under the hypothesis, DA activity is the specific reward ...
... Thus, the essential elements of the hypothesis include the fact that the states are external events, and the corresponding reward prediction and error. These are frequently regarded in the field as a default value-based decision-making process. Under the hypothesis, DA activity is the specific reward ...
CATEGORIES IN THE PIGEON BRAIN - Ruhr-Universität
... were randomized prior to each session, such that each session consisted of 500 trials and each stimulus was presented 10 times. A schematic drawing of the behavioral task is depicted in Figure 2C. Each trial began with an initialization key that was visible for 2 s and which disappeared when pecked ...
... were randomized prior to each session, such that each session consisted of 500 trials and each stimulus was presented 10 times. A schematic drawing of the behavioral task is depicted in Figure 2C. Each trial began with an initialization key that was visible for 2 s and which disappeared when pecked ...
Perceptual and Semantic Contributions to
... priming-related effects within extrastriate (i.e., visual) and prefrontal cortices (Buckner et al. 2000; Badgaiyan et al. 2001). The predominant interpretation is that such extrastriate regions mediate priming irrespective of the sensory modality and also despite changes in the surface features (i.e ...
... priming-related effects within extrastriate (i.e., visual) and prefrontal cortices (Buckner et al. 2000; Badgaiyan et al. 2001). The predominant interpretation is that such extrastriate regions mediate priming irrespective of the sensory modality and also despite changes in the surface features (i.e ...
An Action Selection Calculus
... factor theories cannot be applied uniformly either. Razran (1971) relates the occurrence of different behavioral and learning strategies to position in the phylogenic scale, pointing out that S-R mechanisms are ubiquitous and that almost all animals with even a rudimentary nervous system may be clas ...
... factor theories cannot be applied uniformly either. Razran (1971) relates the occurrence of different behavioral and learning strategies to position in the phylogenic scale, pointing out that S-R mechanisms are ubiquitous and that almost all animals with even a rudimentary nervous system may be clas ...
review - NYU Psychology
... ecologically valid study34, model mice were attacked by biting flies while observer mice watched. When exposed 24 hours later to flies, whose biting parts had been removed, the model and observer mice expressed conditioned analgesia and avoidance responses to similar degrees, implying that individua ...
... ecologically valid study34, model mice were attacked by biting flies while observer mice watched. When exposed 24 hours later to flies, whose biting parts had been removed, the model and observer mice expressed conditioned analgesia and avoidance responses to similar degrees, implying that individua ...
Reinforcement Learning Using a Continuous Time Actor
... and biologically plausible ‘‘time-steps’’ are difficult to envision. Earlier studies suggested that an external reset [15] or theta oscillations [16] might be involved, but no evidence exists to support this and it is not clear why evolution would favor slower decision steps over a continuous decisi ...
... and biologically plausible ‘‘time-steps’’ are difficult to envision. Earlier studies suggested that an external reset [15] or theta oscillations [16] might be involved, but no evidence exists to support this and it is not clear why evolution would favor slower decision steps over a continuous decisi ...
Hebbian Learning of Bayes Optimal Decisions
... We have tested the Bayesian Hebb rule on 400 different prediction tasks, each of them defined by a general (non-Naive) Bayesian network of 7 binary variables. The networks were randomly generated by the algorithm of [11]. From each network we sampled 2000 training and 5000 test examples, and measure ...
... We have tested the Bayesian Hebb rule on 400 different prediction tasks, each of them defined by a general (non-Naive) Bayesian network of 7 binary variables. The networks were randomly generated by the algorithm of [11]. From each network we sampled 2000 training and 5000 test examples, and measure ...
The neural subjective frame: from bodily signals to perceptual
... try to specifically capture this fundamental property [13,25]. The existing neural theories of consciousness sometimes seem to imply that the first-person perspective inherent to conscious perceptual experience would arise somehow from externally triggered signals. However, the first-person perspect ...
... try to specifically capture this fundamental property [13,25]. The existing neural theories of consciousness sometimes seem to imply that the first-person perspective inherent to conscious perceptual experience would arise somehow from externally triggered signals. However, the first-person perspect ...
PDF - Bentham Open
... model, called “Emotional Model Of the Theoretical Interpretations Of Neuroprocessing”, abbreviated as the “EMOTION”, derives how emotional context can be evolved from innate responses. It is based on a biological framework for autonomous systems with minimal assumptions on the system or what emotion ...
... model, called “Emotional Model Of the Theoretical Interpretations Of Neuroprocessing”, abbreviated as the “EMOTION”, derives how emotional context can be evolved from innate responses. It is based on a biological framework for autonomous systems with minimal assumptions on the system or what emotion ...
Kelleher,M. and Poell,R. FACING UP TO THE LEARNING
... decontextualised theory that has been popularised in management literature as a formula or recipe for instant success. Furthermore, other critics point out that regardless of the arguments about the validity of the learning organisation concept, it is now seen to be out of date with the interest in ...
... decontextualised theory that has been popularised in management literature as a formula or recipe for instant success. Furthermore, other critics point out that regardless of the arguments about the validity of the learning organisation concept, it is now seen to be out of date with the interest in ...
The Role of Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex in Decision Making
... continuing until they had indicated their preference between all possible pairs of the 8 food items in the set. Overall completion time for the food and color categories was measured by means of a stopwatch. Each participant chose from the same foods and colors, but compared different sets of people ...
... continuing until they had indicated their preference between all possible pairs of the 8 food items in the set. Overall completion time for the food and color categories was measured by means of a stopwatch. Each participant chose from the same foods and colors, but compared different sets of people ...
Classical Conditioning
... – Unit subsections hyperlinks: Immediately after the unit title and module title slide, a page can be found listing all of the unit’s subsections. While in slide show mode, clicking on any of these hyperlinks will take the user directly to the beginning of that subsection. – Bold print term hyperlin ...
... – Unit subsections hyperlinks: Immediately after the unit title and module title slide, a page can be found listing all of the unit’s subsections. While in slide show mode, clicking on any of these hyperlinks will take the user directly to the beginning of that subsection. – Bold print term hyperlin ...