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... Psychology Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA. Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA. ...
... Psychology Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA. Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA. ...
Task-dependent plasticity of spectrotemporal receptive fields in
... of a change in task requirements or acoustics, (3) measured in the awake, behaving animal. There is some evidence that plasticity in the auditory system may also occur subcortically, perhaps due to corticofugal projections, but we will not discuss this work since it has been reviewed recently (Suga ...
... of a change in task requirements or acoustics, (3) measured in the awake, behaving animal. There is some evidence that plasticity in the auditory system may also occur subcortically, perhaps due to corticofugal projections, but we will not discuss this work since it has been reviewed recently (Suga ...
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... response latency (increase or decrease), (iv) maximum temporal following rate (increase or decrease), and (v) spectrotemporal sensitivity of A1 neurons. The systematic relationship between sensory features and cortical plasticity suggests that evolution has selected for a repertoire of synaptic, int ...
... response latency (increase or decrease), (iv) maximum temporal following rate (increase or decrease), and (v) spectrotemporal sensitivity of A1 neurons. The systematic relationship between sensory features and cortical plasticity suggests that evolution has selected for a repertoire of synaptic, int ...
Optimizing Performance through Intrinsic Motivation and Attention
... disparate scientific perspectives and levels of analysis, including behavioral, social cognitive, neurophysiological, and neurocomputational. In part, differences in assumptions, scientific terminology and philosophy, as well as methodological approaches have made scholarly rapprochement challenging ...
... disparate scientific perspectives and levels of analysis, including behavioral, social cognitive, neurophysiological, and neurocomputational. In part, differences in assumptions, scientific terminology and philosophy, as well as methodological approaches have made scholarly rapprochement challenging ...
Conceptual and Methodologic Issues in Quantifying Perceptual
... brain. Second, the person must be motivated and able to pay attention to these inputs. Third, the individual must accurately distinguish which perceptions correspond to changes in respiratory function due to bronchoconstriction versus which perceptions are due to changes in anxiety levels, emotional ...
... brain. Second, the person must be motivated and able to pay attention to these inputs. Third, the individual must accurately distinguish which perceptions correspond to changes in respiratory function due to bronchoconstriction versus which perceptions are due to changes in anxiety levels, emotional ...
Spectral Measures and Perceptual Ratings of Hypokinetic Dysarthria
... allows a rather basic evaluation vocal fold activity. However, it is difficult to argue that vowel prolongation is representative of typical human communication. Kent and colleagues (Kent, Weismer, Kent, Vorperian, & Duffy, 1999) have noted that qualitative examination of disordered speech can somet ...
... allows a rather basic evaluation vocal fold activity. However, it is difficult to argue that vowel prolongation is representative of typical human communication. Kent and colleagues (Kent, Weismer, Kent, Vorperian, & Duffy, 1999) have noted that qualitative examination of disordered speech can somet ...
Matching tutor to student: rules and mechanisms for
... and a tutor (see Fig. 1B). The conductor provides input to the student in the form of temporally precise patterns. The goal of learning is for the student to convert this input to a predefined output pattern. The tutor provides a signal that guides plasticity at the conductor–student synapses. For s ...
... and a tutor (see Fig. 1B). The conductor provides input to the student in the form of temporally precise patterns. The goal of learning is for the student to convert this input to a predefined output pattern. The tutor provides a signal that guides plasticity at the conductor–student synapses. For s ...
Different Roles for Amygdala Central Nucleus and Substantia
... illumination was provided by a 6 W lamp behind a dense red lens mounted next to the speaker. A television camera was mounted within each shell to provide a view of the chamber; the output from each camera was digitized, merged into a single image of all four chambers, and recorded on videotape. Resu ...
... illumination was provided by a 6 W lamp behind a dense red lens mounted next to the speaker. A television camera was mounted within each shell to provide a view of the chamber; the output from each camera was digitized, merged into a single image of all four chambers, and recorded on videotape. Resu ...
A Neural Network of Adaptively Timed Reinforcement
... 1.2 Timing the Balance between Exploration for Novel Rewards and Consummation of Expected Rewards The spectral timing model clarifies the following type of behavioral competence. Many goal objects may be delayed subsequent to the actions that elicit them, or the environmental events that signal thei ...
... 1.2 Timing the Balance between Exploration for Novel Rewards and Consummation of Expected Rewards The spectral timing model clarifies the following type of behavioral competence. Many goal objects may be delayed subsequent to the actions that elicit them, or the environmental events that signal thei ...
Behavioral verification of associative learning in whisker
... CS fear. Many reports suggest that fear conditioning is a direct function of the intensity of the UCS. For example, Morris and Bouton (2006) observed that the point in conditioning training at which freezing emerged and the asymptotic amount of freezing was directly related to the intensity of the U ...
... CS fear. Many reports suggest that fear conditioning is a direct function of the intensity of the UCS. For example, Morris and Bouton (2006) observed that the point in conditioning training at which freezing emerged and the asymptotic amount of freezing was directly related to the intensity of the U ...
Dopamine: generalization and bonuses
... the original data. (A) In early learning trials, a single dopamine cell responds to the delivery of the reward, but is barely excited by the delivery of the predictive stimulus. This is matched by the temporal difference prediction error dðtÞ; which follows the reward signal rðtÞ: (B) In later learn ...
... the original data. (A) In early learning trials, a single dopamine cell responds to the delivery of the reward, but is barely excited by the delivery of the predictive stimulus. This is matched by the temporal difference prediction error dðtÞ; which follows the reward signal rðtÞ: (B) In later learn ...
The Neural Foundations of Reaction and Action in Aversive Motivation
... Actions are also complex behaviors, but they are not simply elicited by a stimulus. Rather, they are emitted in the combined presence of certain stimuli and internal factors such as motivation and arousal and performed in order to obtain a goal or reward (Skinner 1938; Estes and Skinner 1941; Estes ...
... Actions are also complex behaviors, but they are not simply elicited by a stimulus. Rather, they are emitted in the combined presence of certain stimuli and internal factors such as motivation and arousal and performed in order to obtain a goal or reward (Skinner 1938; Estes and Skinner 1941; Estes ...
Associationism
... the question of how many mental processes there are by positing that there is only one mental process: the ability to associate ideas.2 Of course, thinkers execute many different types of cognitive acts, so if there is only one mental process, the ability to associate, that process must be flexible ...
... the question of how many mental processes there are by positing that there is only one mental process: the ability to associate ideas.2 Of course, thinkers execute many different types of cognitive acts, so if there is only one mental process, the ability to associate, that process must be flexible ...
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... scientists and engineers, the underlying computational mechanisms of the stereo vision in the human brain is still largely unknown. This thesis is an attempt towards creating a developmental model of the stereo vision in the visual cortex. By developmental we mean that the features of each neuron ar ...
... scientists and engineers, the underlying computational mechanisms of the stereo vision in the human brain is still largely unknown. This thesis is an attempt towards creating a developmental model of the stereo vision in the visual cortex. By developmental we mean that the features of each neuron ar ...
neuronal coding of prediction errors
... reinforcer. Thus, the prediction error plays no direct role in changes of associative strength, which are simply a function of the signal’s associability, a, and the magnitude of the reinforcer, k. Attentional theory protects against redundant learning by ensuring that the associability of a signal ...
... reinforcer. Thus, the prediction error plays no direct role in changes of associative strength, which are simply a function of the signal’s associability, a, and the magnitude of the reinforcer, k. Attentional theory protects against redundant learning by ensuring that the associability of a signal ...
The neural correlates of implicit and explicit sequence learning
... contrast between implicit and explicit learning. However, studies based on this logic overlook the fact that even carefully designed learning and testing conditions can hardly be considered as “process-pure” (Reingold and Merikle 1988; Jacoby 1991). In other words, the exclusivity assumption seldom ...
... contrast between implicit and explicit learning. However, studies based on this logic overlook the fact that even carefully designed learning and testing conditions can hardly be considered as “process-pure” (Reingold and Merikle 1988; Jacoby 1991). In other words, the exclusivity assumption seldom ...
Acquired Equivalence and Distinctiveness of Cues
... Revaluation of A and C and Test Trials With B and D Prior to the appetitive revaluation procedure, we established that rats’ behavior in the presence of B and D did not differ (see following Results section). We did this by recording the rates of magazine entries during the 10-s periods that immedia ...
... Revaluation of A and C and Test Trials With B and D Prior to the appetitive revaluation procedure, we established that rats’ behavior in the presence of B and D did not differ (see following Results section). We did this by recording the rates of magazine entries during the 10-s periods that immedia ...
Transfer Effects and Conditional Learning in Rats With Selective
... All rats were initially habituated 1 day for 30 min in their training box. During this period, food pellets were placed in the magazine and on the shelf below the viewing windows in the mask covering the touchscreen. The rats were then given 2 days (50 trials per day) of pretraining designed so that ...
... All rats were initially habituated 1 day for 30 min in their training box. During this period, food pellets were placed in the magazine and on the shelf below the viewing windows in the mask covering the touchscreen. The rats were then given 2 days (50 trials per day) of pretraining designed so that ...
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Learning and Memory
... reason for the study of Aplysia is that behavioral conditioning experiments have demonstrated important similarities between conditioning in Aplysia and conditioning in vertebrates (3–5), although many questions remain about the extent of this generality. Because certain behavioral phenomena are com ...
... reason for the study of Aplysia is that behavioral conditioning experiments have demonstrated important similarities between conditioning in Aplysia and conditioning in vertebrates (3–5), although many questions remain about the extent of this generality. Because certain behavioral phenomena are com ...
Short- and Long-Term Changes in Joint Co
... internal models that generate accurate motor commands, or whether the brain avoids this by using the viscoelasticity of musculoskeletal system. Recent observations on relatively low stiffness during trained movements support the existence of internal models. However, no study has revealed the decrea ...
... internal models that generate accurate motor commands, or whether the brain avoids this by using the viscoelasticity of musculoskeletal system. Recent observations on relatively low stiffness during trained movements support the existence of internal models. However, no study has revealed the decrea ...
Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology, Second Edition
... – Left: language, scientific, reasoning, logic • Premotor area involved in learning –how to walk before doing it) ...
... – Left: language, scientific, reasoning, logic • Premotor area involved in learning –how to walk before doing it) ...
An Imperfect Dopaminergic Error Signal Can Drive Temporal
... hypothesis that the mammalian brain performs temporal-difference learning includes the resemblance of the phasic activity of the midbrain dopaminergic neurons to the TD error and the discovery that cortico-striatal synaptic plasticity is modulated by dopamine. However, as the phasic dopaminergic sig ...
... hypothesis that the mammalian brain performs temporal-difference learning includes the resemblance of the phasic activity of the midbrain dopaminergic neurons to the TD error and the discovery that cortico-striatal synaptic plasticity is modulated by dopamine. However, as the phasic dopaminergic sig ...
A multi-level account of selective attention
... the mechanism that supports semantic analysis is not capacity limited and can thus process all perceptual inputs in parallel. After this analysis is complete, attention operates by selecting a subset of the items for further processing, such as encoding into working memory (Duncan 1980). Importantly ...
... the mechanism that supports semantic analysis is not capacity limited and can thus process all perceptual inputs in parallel. After this analysis is complete, attention operates by selecting a subset of the items for further processing, such as encoding into working memory (Duncan 1980). Importantly ...
Ch 6: Learning
... It is important to note that Pavlov’s work on learning focused on simple, automatic responses known as reflexes (Windholz, 1997). Salivation and eye blinks are examples of such reflexes: They are normally triggered by stimuli that have biological significance. The blinking reflex, for example, prote ...
... It is important to note that Pavlov’s work on learning focused on simple, automatic responses known as reflexes (Windholz, 1997). Salivation and eye blinks are examples of such reflexes: They are normally triggered by stimuli that have biological significance. The blinking reflex, for example, prote ...