contextual influences on visual processing
... between single neurons and perceptual decisions, it seems clear that stimuli constructed of words and sentences would yield results more likely to illuminate language processing. Just as we can only progress so far using nonsense sounds to explore language function, so are we constrained by visual s ...
... between single neurons and perceptual decisions, it seems clear that stimuli constructed of words and sentences would yield results more likely to illuminate language processing. Just as we can only progress so far using nonsense sounds to explore language function, so are we constrained by visual s ...
Prefrontal cortex damage abolishes brand-cued
... and BDC groups (see Results section). Such a result would not be expected if the VMPC subjects had severe anosmia/ ageusia and this finding allows a straightforward interpretation of the Semi-blind test results. Patients were selected from the Patient Registry of the Division of Cognitive Neuroscien ...
... and BDC groups (see Results section). Such a result would not be expected if the VMPC subjects had severe anosmia/ ageusia and this finding allows a straightforward interpretation of the Semi-blind test results. Patients were selected from the Patient Registry of the Division of Cognitive Neuroscien ...
Multisensory Integration of Dynamic Faces and Voices
... In the social world, multiple sensory channels are used concurrently to facilitate communication. Among human and nonhuman primates, faces and voices are the primary means of transmitting social signals (Adolphs, 2003; Ghazanfar and Santos, 2004). Primates recognize the correspondence between specie ...
... In the social world, multiple sensory channels are used concurrently to facilitate communication. Among human and nonhuman primates, faces and voices are the primary means of transmitting social signals (Adolphs, 2003; Ghazanfar and Santos, 2004). Primates recognize the correspondence between specie ...
thinking chickens
... choice between the two plates (and thus two kinds of food) later (on the order of a few minutes), the chicks preferred the non-devalued food. Similar results have been found in studies involving hens, showing that both chicks and adult chickens can remember the “where” and “what” components of infor ...
... choice between the two plates (and thus two kinds of food) later (on the order of a few minutes), the chicks preferred the non-devalued food. Similar results have been found in studies involving hens, showing that both chicks and adult chickens can remember the “where” and “what” components of infor ...
connect_review_20150316 - Royal Holloway, University of London
... Forward and backward connections need not be restricted to connecting anatomicallyor hierarchically-adjacent levels. Shortcut and long-range connections allow information to skip levels. Expedited access of these higher level areas may trigger earlier top-down influences of backward connections, bef ...
... Forward and backward connections need not be restricted to connecting anatomicallyor hierarchically-adjacent levels. Shortcut and long-range connections allow information to skip levels. Expedited access of these higher level areas may trigger earlier top-down influences of backward connections, bef ...
Neuronal responses to face-like and facial stimuli in the monkey
... that includes the SC and is common to many vertebrates, and also suggest that this system may not be sensitive to face differences among the species. Furthermore, non-invasive human studies of patients with blindsight have suggested that the subcortical route, including the SC, the pulvinar, and the ...
... that includes the SC and is common to many vertebrates, and also suggest that this system may not be sensitive to face differences among the species. Furthermore, non-invasive human studies of patients with blindsight have suggested that the subcortical route, including the SC, the pulvinar, and the ...
Can the Psycho-Emotional State be Optimized by Regular Use of
... impact of training. Therefore, here we explored the effect of selfguided emotion-centered imagery, trying to answer not only the question “whether”, according to the subjects, there was an effect on their state of emotional well-being, but also “how” functioning of the brain was affected by training ...
... impact of training. Therefore, here we explored the effect of selfguided emotion-centered imagery, trying to answer not only the question “whether”, according to the subjects, there was an effect on their state of emotional well-being, but also “how” functioning of the brain was affected by training ...
Beyond the classical receptive field: The effect of contextual stimuli
... classic bottom-up processing toward contextual processing with top-down and horizontal modulation contributing. These latter effects provide evidence for long-range interactions between neurons relevant to figure–ground segregation and pop-out by brightness, color, orientation, texture, motion, and d ...
... classic bottom-up processing toward contextual processing with top-down and horizontal modulation contributing. These latter effects provide evidence for long-range interactions between neurons relevant to figure–ground segregation and pop-out by brightness, color, orientation, texture, motion, and d ...
Differentiating Noxious- and Innocuous
... 1937). More recently, however, neurophysiological studies have documented that SI and SII receive noxious and innocuous cutaneous input from somatosensory thalamus (Friedman and Murray 1986; Gingold et al. 1991; Kenshalo et al. 1980; Rausell and Jones 1991; Shi and Apkarian 1995) and contain neurons ...
... 1937). More recently, however, neurophysiological studies have documented that SI and SII receive noxious and innocuous cutaneous input from somatosensory thalamus (Friedman and Murray 1986; Gingold et al. 1991; Kenshalo et al. 1980; Rausell and Jones 1991; Shi and Apkarian 1995) and contain neurons ...
Persistent perceptual delay for head movement onset
... Contrary to this notion that vestibular stimulation should be fast the perceived timing of vestibular stimulation has been found to be slow. Barnett-Cowan and Harris (2009) measured the difference in reaction times (RTs) between GVS, light, touch and sound stimuli. They found that RTs to GVS were si ...
... Contrary to this notion that vestibular stimulation should be fast the perceived timing of vestibular stimulation has been found to be slow. Barnett-Cowan and Harris (2009) measured the difference in reaction times (RTs) between GVS, light, touch and sound stimuli. They found that RTs to GVS were si ...
Neuronal Interaction Dynamics in Cat Primary Visual Cortex
... describe the main experimental effects. Combined, our results indicate that the spatiotemporal processing of visual stimuli is characterized by a delicate, mutual interplay between stimulusdependent and interaction-based strategies contributing to the formation of widespread cortical activation patt ...
... describe the main experimental effects. Combined, our results indicate that the spatiotemporal processing of visual stimuli is characterized by a delicate, mutual interplay between stimulusdependent and interaction-based strategies contributing to the formation of widespread cortical activation patt ...
How We Know It Hurts: Item Analysis of Written - Saxelab
... the scanner directly observed a confederate’s hand as the confederate received a painful and unpleasant electric shock (versus a barely perceptible, non-painful shock) to the visible hand. Based on activity in this task, we identified 8 functional regions of interest (ROIs) involved in experiencing ...
... the scanner directly observed a confederate’s hand as the confederate received a painful and unpleasant electric shock (versus a barely perceptible, non-painful shock) to the visible hand. Based on activity in this task, we identified 8 functional regions of interest (ROIs) involved in experiencing ...
Analyzing Neural Responses to Natural Signals: Maximally
... are relevant for setting the probability of generating a single spike at one moment in time. From an information-theoretic point of view, asking for stimulus features that capture the mutual information between the stimulus and the arrival times of single spikes is a well-posed question even if succ ...
... are relevant for setting the probability of generating a single spike at one moment in time. From an information-theoretic point of view, asking for stimulus features that capture the mutual information between the stimulus and the arrival times of single spikes is a well-posed question even if succ ...
Neural Mechanisms of Subclinical Depressive
... depressive symptom severity and caudate nucleus hypoactivation during reward anticipation. Pizzagalli and colleagues [23] found that individuals with MDD showed decreased putamen responses during reward anticipation and decreased nucleus accumbens and caudate nucleus responses to monetary gains. Fin ...
... depressive symptom severity and caudate nucleus hypoactivation during reward anticipation. Pizzagalli and colleagues [23] found that individuals with MDD showed decreased putamen responses during reward anticipation and decreased nucleus accumbens and caudate nucleus responses to monetary gains. Fin ...
Evidence of Basal Temporo-occipital Cortex
... at a distance of 115 cm. RDS were used as stimulus to study disparity sensitivity. They were generated by using a conventional personal computer running software developed in our own laboratory (Gonzalez and Krause, 1994). The patient wore red/green eyeglasses and viewed the frontal surface where th ...
... at a distance of 115 cm. RDS were used as stimulus to study disparity sensitivity. They were generated by using a conventional personal computer running software developed in our own laboratory (Gonzalez and Krause, 1994). The patient wore red/green eyeglasses and viewed the frontal surface where th ...
memory systems in the brain
... the neuronal network operations being performed in each region (Rolls & Treves 1998). Crucial brain systems to understand are those involved in memory, but in addition, learning mechanisms are at the heart of how the brain processes information, for it is by modifying the synaptic connection strengt ...
... the neuronal network operations being performed in each region (Rolls & Treves 1998). Crucial brain systems to understand are those involved in memory, but in addition, learning mechanisms are at the heart of how the brain processes information, for it is by modifying the synaptic connection strengt ...
2906_lect8
... Evidence from infants: Odor preferences often very different from adults Cross-cultural data support associative learning An evolutionary argument: Some animals exhibit an instinctive aversion to smells from predators, etc. Learned taste aversion: Avoidance of a novel flavor after it has bee ...
... Evidence from infants: Odor preferences often very different from adults Cross-cultural data support associative learning An evolutionary argument: Some animals exhibit an instinctive aversion to smells from predators, etc. Learned taste aversion: Avoidance of a novel flavor after it has bee ...
Paper: Neural substrates for expectation
... • Responses of amygdala neurons to aversive (or appetitive) stimuli are modulated by expectation. • It is not clear whether this occurs during Pavlovian fear conditioning at sites of associative plasticity (such as the LAn) or in brain regions that participate in relaying UCS information to the amyg ...
... • Responses of amygdala neurons to aversive (or appetitive) stimuli are modulated by expectation. • It is not clear whether this occurs during Pavlovian fear conditioning at sites of associative plasticity (such as the LAn) or in brain regions that participate in relaying UCS information to the amyg ...
Title
... neurons, first discovered in the F5 ventral premotor cortex of the macaque monkey, respond both when the monkey performs certain actions and when the monkey observes someone else (monkey or human) performing those actions.1 The same researchers also discovered mirror neurons in humans.2 One neurosci ...
... neurons, first discovered in the F5 ventral premotor cortex of the macaque monkey, respond both when the monkey performs certain actions and when the monkey observes someone else (monkey or human) performing those actions.1 The same researchers also discovered mirror neurons in humans.2 One neurosci ...
pdf - Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center
... increased relative to the Go stimulus. Similarly, interpretation of the findings of Braver et al (2001), who also employed a task in which Go and NoGo trials were equally probable, is complicated by the inclusion of multiple Go stimulus variants (i.e., any letter that was not an ‘X’) versus only a s ...
... increased relative to the Go stimulus. Similarly, interpretation of the findings of Braver et al (2001), who also employed a task in which Go and NoGo trials were equally probable, is complicated by the inclusion of multiple Go stimulus variants (i.e., any letter that was not an ‘X’) versus only a s ...
Comparison of Quantities: Core and Format
... positive numbers (Ganor-Stern and Tzelgov 2008; Tzelgov et al. 2009). Their results provide evidence that polarity is independently coded from magnitude, which suggests that additional neural networks might be in charge of encoding the notion of negativity. As negative integers do not visually diffe ...
... positive numbers (Ganor-Stern and Tzelgov 2008; Tzelgov et al. 2009). Their results provide evidence that polarity is independently coded from magnitude, which suggests that additional neural networks might be in charge of encoding the notion of negativity. As negative integers do not visually diffe ...
NIH Public Access Emotional dysregulation and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Author Manuscript
... emotion regulation: orienting to emotionally salient stimuli and the evaluation of signals for reward. In order for emotion to be regulated, posterior attention systems must both detect salient stimuli and signal that control is needed (77, 79). Evidence suggests anomalies in early orienting to emot ...
... emotion regulation: orienting to emotionally salient stimuli and the evaluation of signals for reward. In order for emotion to be regulated, posterior attention systems must both detect salient stimuli and signal that control is needed (77, 79). Evidence suggests anomalies in early orienting to emot ...
Amygdala oscillations and the consolidation of
... manipulations performed in the hours after learning. Susceptibility of recently formed memories to post-learning manipulations was seen with electroconvulsive shocks, protein synthesis inhibitors, electrical stimulation or drug injections in discrete brain regions [a]. Various interpretations were p ...
... manipulations performed in the hours after learning. Susceptibility of recently formed memories to post-learning manipulations was seen with electroconvulsive shocks, protein synthesis inhibitors, electrical stimulation or drug injections in discrete brain regions [a]. Various interpretations were p ...
The Neural Basis of Individual Holistic and Spectral Sound Perception
... tones and their octaves. Patterson (1973) outlined that the subjective pitch perception of harmonic complex sounds with few harmonics may correspond to either the fundamental frequency or the octave-shifted second harmonic. Similarly, Terhardt (1972) found differences of an octave or a fifth between ...
... tones and their octaves. Patterson (1973) outlined that the subjective pitch perception of harmonic complex sounds with few harmonics may correspond to either the fundamental frequency or the octave-shifted second harmonic. Similarly, Terhardt (1972) found differences of an octave or a fifth between ...