A framework for the first-person internal sensation of visual
... lacking. Perception was also viewed in terms of variational free-energy minimization based on the assumption that biological systems maximize the Bayesian evidence for their model of the world through an active sampling of sensory information (Friston et al. 2006). Studies showed that activity in a ...
... lacking. Perception was also viewed in terms of variational free-energy minimization based on the assumption that biological systems maximize the Bayesian evidence for their model of the world through an active sampling of sensory information (Friston et al. 2006). Studies showed that activity in a ...
The limbic system
... “limbic” (from the Latin limbus for border) to the curved rim of the cortex which incudes the cingulate and the parahippocampal gyri. However, its putative role in emotion was elaborated by the American physician, James Papez in 1937 in the seminal paper titled ‘A proposed mechanism of emotion’. Thi ...
... “limbic” (from the Latin limbus for border) to the curved rim of the cortex which incudes the cingulate and the parahippocampal gyri. However, its putative role in emotion was elaborated by the American physician, James Papez in 1937 in the seminal paper titled ‘A proposed mechanism of emotion’. Thi ...
the primate amygdala and reinforcement: a
... and the primary reinforcement associated with them. However, these neurons also responded to some objects that were not associated with rewards. We show in this paper that these other stimuli are relatively novel stimuli, thus providing a potential neural basis for the treatment of novel visual stim ...
... and the primary reinforcement associated with them. However, these neurons also responded to some objects that were not associated with rewards. We show in this paper that these other stimuli are relatively novel stimuli, thus providing a potential neural basis for the treatment of novel visual stim ...
Psychology
... tendency to organize the visual field into objects (figures) that stand apart from the surroundings (ground). ...
... tendency to organize the visual field into objects (figures) that stand apart from the surroundings (ground). ...
Modulation of early cortical processing during divided attention to
... The size of the inner checkerboards was 3.5° 9 3.5°, with a spatial frequency of 0.7 cycles per degree; the size of the outer checkerboards was 4.7° 9 4.7°, with a spatial frequency of 0.5 cycles per degree (Fig. 1). The larger size of the outer stimuli was chosen to adjust visual stimuli for the re ...
... The size of the inner checkerboards was 3.5° 9 3.5°, with a spatial frequency of 0.7 cycles per degree; the size of the outer checkerboards was 4.7° 9 4.7°, with a spatial frequency of 0.5 cycles per degree (Fig. 1). The larger size of the outer stimuli was chosen to adjust visual stimuli for the re ...
Relative timing: from behaviour to neurons
... tactile stimuli than for visual stimuli, and thus presumably more reliable from trial to trial. The comparable TOJ thresholds between visual and non-visual modalities suggest that the reliability of TOJs are likely limited by central processes, or even that TOJs for different sensory modalities coul ...
... tactile stimuli than for visual stimuli, and thus presumably more reliable from trial to trial. The comparable TOJ thresholds between visual and non-visual modalities suggest that the reliability of TOJs are likely limited by central processes, or even that TOJs for different sensory modalities coul ...
Changes in the N1-P2 Complex after Speech
... each other. Two stimulus presentation rates were used during electrophysiologic testing (390 msec and 910 msec interstimulus interval). Results: Before training, subjects perceived both the ⴚ20 msec and ⴚ10 msec VOT stimuli as /ba/. Through training, subjects learned to identify the ⴚ20 msec VOT sti ...
... each other. Two stimulus presentation rates were used during electrophysiologic testing (390 msec and 910 msec interstimulus interval). Results: Before training, subjects perceived both the ⴚ20 msec and ⴚ10 msec VOT stimuli as /ba/. Through training, subjects learned to identify the ⴚ20 msec VOT sti ...
The Neurology of Music for Post-Traumatic-Stress
... exposure to single or multiple traumatic events. It can look differently for different people. Some people may predominately notice they do not enjoy the things they used to, or feel dissatisfied or indifferent about their life. Others may experience behavioral symptoms and/or a fear-based re-experi ...
... exposure to single or multiple traumatic events. It can look differently for different people. Some people may predominately notice they do not enjoy the things they used to, or feel dissatisfied or indifferent about their life. Others may experience behavioral symptoms and/or a fear-based re-experi ...
Goals of Explaining Brain Functions Underlying Anxiety Disorders
... • The amygdala is able to produce fear/anxiety responses without the involvement of the cortex • The amygdala can, in fact, override the cortex and influence or even control our thoughts and focus of attention • The cortex can also initiate anxiety responses by alerting the amygdala to potential dan ...
... • The amygdala is able to produce fear/anxiety responses without the involvement of the cortex • The amygdala can, in fact, override the cortex and influence or even control our thoughts and focus of attention • The cortex can also initiate anxiety responses by alerting the amygdala to potential dan ...
DanielBearMCB105 Research Proposal
... binocular rivalry. In this scenario, perceiving one image (e.g. right-slanted black lines) would be the conditioned response or the reinforced “behavior,” in the cases of classical and operant conditioning, respectively. Some evidence suggests that when one of the two rivaling images is more emotion ...
... binocular rivalry. In this scenario, perceiving one image (e.g. right-slanted black lines) would be the conditioned response or the reinforced “behavior,” in the cases of classical and operant conditioning, respectively. Some evidence suggests that when one of the two rivaling images is more emotion ...
Two Critical and Functionally Distinct Stages of Face and Body Perception
... (EBA) (Downing et al., 2001) contribute to the perception of faces and bodies. Experimental techniques with high temporal resolution, including scalp electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography (MEG), and intracranial recording in neuropsychological patients, report the earliest cortical response ...
... (EBA) (Downing et al., 2001) contribute to the perception of faces and bodies. Experimental techniques with high temporal resolution, including scalp electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography (MEG), and intracranial recording in neuropsychological patients, report the earliest cortical response ...
The amygdala - University of Puget Sound
... rather than dissipating, the responses are potentiated. Most of the inputs to the amygdala involve excitatory pathways that use glutamate as a transmitter. These inputs form synaptic connections on the dendrites of excitatory principal neurons that transmit signals to other regions or subregions of ...
... rather than dissipating, the responses are potentiated. Most of the inputs to the amygdala involve excitatory pathways that use glutamate as a transmitter. These inputs form synaptic connections on the dendrites of excitatory principal neurons that transmit signals to other regions or subregions of ...
Feedforward, horizontal, and feedback processing
... response does not always result in visual awareness. A very important observation in this respect can be made from the results of Cumming and Parker [77••], who found that neurons in V1 are tuned to binocular disparity stimuli, irrespective of whether these stimuli produce a depth percept or not, bu ...
... response does not always result in visual awareness. A very important observation in this respect can be made from the results of Cumming and Parker [77••], who found that neurons in V1 are tuned to binocular disparity stimuli, irrespective of whether these stimuli produce a depth percept or not, bu ...
Visual adaptation: Neural, psychological and computational aspects
... efficiency. Suppose the parameters of the linear–nonlinear system are optimally suited for encoding a stimulus distribution with some amplitude spectrum. Any change in the stimulus distribution could then be compensated for by adjusting neural filtering such that the filtered stimulus distribution remai ...
... efficiency. Suppose the parameters of the linear–nonlinear system are optimally suited for encoding a stimulus distribution with some amplitude spectrum. Any change in the stimulus distribution could then be compensated for by adjusting neural filtering such that the filtered stimulus distribution remai ...
Neural correlates of attention in primate visual cortex
... responses to attended locations or stimulus features are enhanced, whereas those from unattended locations or features are suppressed. This influence of attention increases as one ascends the hierarchy of visual areas in primate cortex, ultimately resulting in a neural representation of the visual w ...
... responses to attended locations or stimulus features are enhanced, whereas those from unattended locations or features are suppressed. This influence of attention increases as one ascends the hierarchy of visual areas in primate cortex, ultimately resulting in a neural representation of the visual w ...
Influence of Reinforcement Contingencies and Cognitive Styles on
... argument that introverts are more easily conditionable and show greater arousal by means of external stimuli than extraverts. The possibility also arises that introverts are more sensitive to punishment and frustrative nonreward than are extraverts (Gray, 1970). Extraverts may also show greater sens ...
... argument that introverts are more easily conditionable and show greater arousal by means of external stimuli than extraverts. The possibility also arises that introverts are more sensitive to punishment and frustrative nonreward than are extraverts (Gray, 1970). Extraverts may also show greater sens ...
The Neuroscience of Pain:
... “The doctrine I hold is: first, that states of consciousness …are utterly different from nervous states; second, that the two things occur together – that for every mental state there is a correlative nervous state; third, that, although things occur in parallelism, there is no interference of one w ...
... “The doctrine I hold is: first, that states of consciousness …are utterly different from nervous states; second, that the two things occur together – that for every mental state there is a correlative nervous state; third, that, although things occur in parallelism, there is no interference of one w ...
How humans distinguish between smells
... certain ones are expressed, or used to create the corresponding proteins. This occurs when the DNA is transcribed into mRNA in the nucleus. The mRNA then leaves the nucleus and travels to the rest of the cell, specifically the ribosomes. In the ribosomes, the mRNA is read and proteins are created. I ...
... certain ones are expressed, or used to create the corresponding proteins. This occurs when the DNA is transcribed into mRNA in the nucleus. The mRNA then leaves the nucleus and travels to the rest of the cell, specifically the ribosomes. In the ribosomes, the mRNA is read and proteins are created. I ...
From Neuro-Psychoanalysis to Cognitive and Affective Automation Systems
... low and high-level capabilities. Some people have already suggested such models, however, almost no one (with very rare exceptions) has done this by consulting the insights of psychoanalysis. The so far suggested comprehensive models are either a) not coherent enough, or b) they stay too vague, just ...
... low and high-level capabilities. Some people have already suggested such models, however, almost no one (with very rare exceptions) has done this by consulting the insights of psychoanalysis. The so far suggested comprehensive models are either a) not coherent enough, or b) they stay too vague, just ...
Combining electroencephalographic activity and
... Previous studies investigated the coupled brain–heart dynamics during healthy and pathological emotional responses (see reviews in [46,47]), highlighting connections in the vagally mediated regulation of physiological, affective and cognitive processes. As a general approach, previous studies have t ...
... Previous studies investigated the coupled brain–heart dynamics during healthy and pathological emotional responses (see reviews in [46,47]), highlighting connections in the vagally mediated regulation of physiological, affective and cognitive processes. As a general approach, previous studies have t ...
Representational Capacity of Face Coding in Monkeys
... to the number of neurons. If the information about each stimulus is distributed across the full population, the number of stimuli that can be represented grows exponentially with the number of coding neurons. For example if the responses of each neuron can reliably divide the stimuli into two groups ...
... to the number of neurons. If the information about each stimulus is distributed across the full population, the number of stimuli that can be represented grows exponentially with the number of coding neurons. For example if the responses of each neuron can reliably divide the stimuli into two groups ...
Module 20 Basic Learning Concepts and Classical
... Acquisition: the initial stage, when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response. Higher-order conditioning: a procedure in which the conditioned stimulus in one conditioning experience is paired with a new neutra ...
... Acquisition: the initial stage, when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response. Higher-order conditioning: a procedure in which the conditioned stimulus in one conditioning experience is paired with a new neutra ...
Changes in emotion after circumscribed surgical
... are neuroanatomical connections between temporal auditory cortex and the frontal lobe. It has been suggested that more rostral auditory cortex in the temporal lobe, which projects to the orbitofrontal cortex, is primarily engaged in processing phonetic (vocal) information (Romanski et al., 1999; Cav ...
... are neuroanatomical connections between temporal auditory cortex and the frontal lobe. It has been suggested that more rostral auditory cortex in the temporal lobe, which projects to the orbitofrontal cortex, is primarily engaged in processing phonetic (vocal) information (Romanski et al., 1999; Cav ...
Myers Module Twenty
... angry faces. This generalized anxiety response may help to explain their greater risk of psychological disorders. Verosky & Todorov, 2010: We like unfamiliar people more if they look somewhat like someone we already like. ...
... angry faces. This generalized anxiety response may help to explain their greater risk of psychological disorders. Verosky & Todorov, 2010: We like unfamiliar people more if they look somewhat like someone we already like. ...
The Dual Track theory of Moral Decision-Making: A
... reason and feeling. Reason declares that one must die to save many. Our sympathy for the one conflicts with this reasoned judgment; when we contemplate doing the deed in an up-close and personal way, that sympathy can be so strong as to override the judgment of reason. The explanation just given is ...
... reason and feeling. Reason declares that one must die to save many. Our sympathy for the one conflicts with this reasoned judgment; when we contemplate doing the deed in an up-close and personal way, that sympathy can be so strong as to override the judgment of reason. The explanation just given is ...