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Conditioned Inhibition
Conditioned Inhibition

... Identification of CSs and USs is relative A particular event may serve as a CS relative to one stimulus and serve as a US relative to another stimulus ...
Chapter 5: Sensation and Perception SW
Chapter 5: Sensation and Perception SW

... information is critical to our survival, there is so much information available at any given time that we would be overwhelmed if we were forced to attend to all of it. In fact, we are aware of only a fraction of the sensory information taken in by our sensory systems at any given time. This chapter ...
Dissertation 20161009 Text Citations
Dissertation 20161009 Text Citations

... Level Dependent (BOLD) signals associated with either very trustworthy or very untrustworthy faces. Amygdala. The importance of the amygdala to evaluating trust is well-established (Adolphs, Tranel, & Damasio, 1998; Engell, Haxby, & Todorov, 2007; Engell, Todorov, & Haxby, 2010; Todorov & Duchaine, ...
Is perception informationally encapsulated? The issue of the theory-ladenness of perception
Is perception informationally encapsulated? The issue of the theory-ladenness of perception

... centered representation. Damage in the left hemisphere (De Renzi, Scotti & Spinnler, 1969) is accompanied by the so-called semantic impairments, in which knowledge of the objects’ category, classification, of properties and functions is degraded or inaccessible. Studies (Taylor & Warrington, 1971; W ...
The Science Behind the emWave® and Inner Balance™ Technologies
The Science Behind the emWave® and Inner Balance™ Technologies

... uneven, jagged peaks (an example is shown in the figure below). Scientists call this an incoherent heart rhythm pattern. Physiologically, this pattern indicates that the signals produced by the two branches of the ANS are out of sync with each other. This can be likened to driving a car with one fo ...
Perception of three-dimensional structure from motion
Perception of three-dimensional structure from motion

... ing of surfaces. This segmentation by V1, 5–20 deg in MT, and often >100 deg in MST) progressively increase, suggesting an integration and elaboration depth is important in surface reconstrucof information as one ascends the pathway. (B) Hypothetical roles of V1 and MT in motion processing. Local ve ...
Neuronal mechanisms for the perception of ambiguous stimuli
Neuronal mechanisms for the perception of ambiguous stimuli

... required. In the case of binocular rivalry, interest has centred on the question of whether or not the rivalry is truly eye-related (early) or percept-related (late) [3,27, 29,30,31]. It is increasingly clear that both forms of rivalry may be predominant under different conditions. In one recent e ...
Sensory feedback for upper limb prostheses
Sensory feedback for upper limb prostheses

... innervate the skin. The Pacinian (PC) afferents have very large receptive fields and innervate the skin sparsely. These afferents are responsible for conveying information about vibration and play a key role in conveying information about events distant from the hand—as when we use tools. In intact ...
Social perception from visual cues: role of the STS region
Social perception from visual cues: role of the STS region

... love is now unrequited. He came to this conclusion because his beloved avoided his gaze. He might have been wrong (she might not have seen him, or she might have been coy), but for better or worse his judgement was based on information derived from the eyes. Of the objects that we routinely see in t ...
Social stimulation and corticolimbic reactivity in premenstrual dysphoric disorder: a preliminary study
Social stimulation and corticolimbic reactivity in premenstrual dysphoric disorder: a preliminary study

... when trauma exposure involves interpersonal violence [27,28]. In addition, women with PMDD with a history of trauma have abnormal neuroendocrine stress responses compared to women with PMDD without a trauma history [24-26,29]. Because PMDD symptoms affect social interactions and perceived social thr ...
Sample pages PDF
Sample pages PDF

... The dorsolateral region of the prefrontal cortex (areas 9, 10 lateral and 46) (Fig. 2.3) is intimately linked to the rest of the prefrontal cortex and to the dorsomedial and ventral anterior nuclei of the thalamus.11 It extends over the dorsolateral region of the caudate nucleus12 and is implicated ...
Foreign policy decision making: rational, psychological, and
Foreign policy decision making: rational, psychological, and

... 318; Tetlock 2006). There is evidence that greater change will occur when information arrives in large batches rather than bit by bit. Cognitive models suggest that when people are confronted with overwhelmingly discrepant information, when there is no other way to account for large amounts of contr ...
The effect of learning on the face selective responses of neurons in
The effect of learning on the face selective responses of neurons in

... be involved in storing the representations of visual stimuli, these neurons were used as a model system to investigate the neurophysiological changes which occur in a population of neurons when that population stores new information. In this study, we investigated whether individual neurons in this ...
Neurology and Trauma: Impact and Implications
Neurology and Trauma: Impact and Implications

... flashbacks, nightmares, and physiological responses similar to when the traumatic event was occurring (racing heart, dizziness, sweating, erratic breathing); b) avoidance and numbing such as avoiding situations and people that remind them of the trauma, amnesia for trauma related information, loss o ...
Perceptual Expectation Evokes Category
Perceptual Expectation Evokes Category

... this version to maximize the amount of blood oxygen level--dependent (BOLD) fMRI data collected during states of deliberate expectation. Thus, in this experiment, we have no behavioral index of the effect of expectation. To optimize the design for fMRI, the rate of coherence (again to a maximum of 7 ...
A multi-level account of selective attention
A multi-level account of selective attention

... all that was retained from the unattended auditory stream. Not long after Broadbent’s seminal book, Moray (1959) demonstrated that selection was not always implemented by an early filtering mechanism, as he noted that about one-third of subjects detected their own name when it was inserted in the un ...
Neural Responses to Facial Expression and Face Identity in the
Neural Responses to Facial Expression and Face Identity in the

... amygdala leads to the hypothesis that these inputs may be further processed in the amygdala, leading to the selection of social responses based on a combination of identity and facial expression. The present study had two major objectives: 1) to determine the specificity of neural responses to faces ...
Elicited Behavior and Classical Conditioning
Elicited Behavior and Classical Conditioning

... • Generalizes to other stimuli (PTSD). • Discrete changes • Drug effects ...
C ontribution of the anterior cingulate cortex to laser
C ontribution of the anterior cingulate cortex to laser

... of nociceptive stimulation [25]. Furthermore, cingulectomized rabbits fail to learn an inactive avoidance learning that involves avoidance of foot shock [19,20]. The conditioned emotional response is an accepted animal model of emotional stress in which an animal learns to form associations between ...
Document
Document

... The effects of cluttered environments are investigated on the performance of a hierarchical multilayer model of invariant object recognition in the visual system (VisNet) that employs learning rules that utilise a trace of previous neural activity. This class of model relies on the spatio-temporal s ...
PDF - Bentham Open
PDF - Bentham Open

... other subjective perception of what emotions are, including the debate of the subjective definitions of different emotions. In other words, we will use an objective approach to study this phenomenon (called emotion) without assuming its functional role in animals, humans or robots. Rather, we will s ...
Emotion, Cognition, and Mental State Representation in Amygdala
Emotion, Cognition, and Mental State Representation in Amygdala

... quently, mental state variables are not necessarily unique, and they are not necessarily independent from each other. Mental state variables need not be conscious or unconscious because both types of variables can predispose one to action. Overall, an organism’s mental state incorporates internal va ...
How is the stimulus represented in the nervous system?
How is the stimulus represented in the nervous system?

... 1. Distances between spike trains are computed. 2. From the distances a cluster analysis can be done. 3. The result is a confusion matrix from which the MI can be calculated. ...
Full-Text PDF
Full-Text PDF

... implicit level and another on an explicit level [28–32]. Whereas the cerebellum has been associated with information processing on an implicit level in other functional domains [33–35], it has been described as being involved in the implicit and explicit components of the emotional domain [36,37]. I ...
Chap3
Chap3

... Both instrumental and classical conditioning are affected by preparedness (the innate nature of the organism). Flavor aversion learning is easier with taste cues than with visual cues, but not shock. Rooting behaviors interfere with learning for pigs trained to put a wooden coin in a “bank”. Some ha ...
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Emotion perception

Emotion perception refers to the capacities and abilities of recognizing and identifying emotions in others, in addition to biological and physiological processes involved. Emotions are typically viewed as having three components: subjective experience, physical changes, and cognitive appraisal; emotion perception is the ability to make accurate decisions about another’s subjective experience by interpreting their physical changes through sensory systems responsible for converting these observed changes into mental representations. The ability to perceive emotion is believed to be both innate and subject to environmental influence and is also a critical component in social interactions. How emotion is experienced and interpreted depends on how it is perceived. Likewise, how emotion is perceived is dependent on past experiences and interpretations. Emotion can be accurately perceived in humans. Emotions can be perceived visually, audibly, through smell and also through bodily sensations and this process is believed to be different from the perception of non-emotional material.
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