Changing Fear: The Neurocircuitry of Emotion Regulation
... underlying emotional associative learning is Pavlovian conditioning. During a typical Pavlovian fear conditioning paradigm, a previously neutral stimulus, such as a tone (the conditioned stimulus, or CS) acquires emotional significance through pairing with an aversive stimulus, such as a footshock ( ...
... underlying emotional associative learning is Pavlovian conditioning. During a typical Pavlovian fear conditioning paradigm, a previously neutral stimulus, such as a tone (the conditioned stimulus, or CS) acquires emotional significance through pairing with an aversive stimulus, such as a footshock ( ...
Attention as a decision in information space
... of behavioral tasks suitable for use in experimental animals. In these tasks animals are trained to make simple decisions based on sensory evidence or rewards and express these decisions through specific actions [1,2]. This strategy has been particularly fruitful in the oculomotor system, where monk ...
... of behavioral tasks suitable for use in experimental animals. In these tasks animals are trained to make simple decisions based on sensory evidence or rewards and express these decisions through specific actions [1,2]. This strategy has been particularly fruitful in the oculomotor system, where monk ...
review - NYU Psychology
... to the basal ganglia from the basal nucleus13. Under most circumstances, the role of the amygdala in fear conditioning is best understood together with other functional regions within a greater circuitry of fear learning. This circuitry involves sensory input and motor output systems, as well as reg ...
... to the basal ganglia from the basal nucleus13. Under most circumstances, the role of the amygdala in fear conditioning is best understood together with other functional regions within a greater circuitry of fear learning. This circuitry involves sensory input and motor output systems, as well as reg ...
PDF - Stanford University
... In attempting to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the development and maintenance of these symptoms, over the past two decades investigators have used neuroimaging techniques to examine the neural substrates of MDD. In this review we present findings from this body of research, identifying ...
... In attempting to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the development and maintenance of these symptoms, over the past two decades investigators have used neuroimaging techniques to examine the neural substrates of MDD. In this review we present findings from this body of research, identifying ...
Interactions between attention, context and learning in primary
... contextual influences are derived from feedback connections from higher order cortical areas to area V1. As shown below, however, the contextual facilitation we observe follows the full time course of the response. In any event, it is not clear that routing information through V2 back to V1 requires ...
... contextual influences are derived from feedback connections from higher order cortical areas to area V1. As shown below, however, the contextual facilitation we observe follows the full time course of the response. In any event, it is not clear that routing information through V2 back to V1 requires ...
pain and emotion interactions in subregions of the cingulate gyrus
... The alternative view is that some areas store memories with positive or negative valences and drive associated autonomic outputs, whereas other areas provide sensory and short-term memory substrates that are not specific to emotion, and cannot access autonomic outputs. Systems involved in all short- ...
... The alternative view is that some areas store memories with positive or negative valences and drive associated autonomic outputs, whereas other areas provide sensory and short-term memory substrates that are not specific to emotion, and cannot access autonomic outputs. Systems involved in all short- ...
High-Level Perception, Representation, and
... A given set of input data may be perceived in a number of different ways, depending on the context and the state of the perceiver. Due to this flexibility, it is a mistake to regard perception as a process that associates a fixed representation with a particular situation. Both contextual factors a ...
... A given set of input data may be perceived in a number of different ways, depending on the context and the state of the perceiver. Due to this flexibility, it is a mistake to regard perception as a process that associates a fixed representation with a particular situation. Both contextual factors a ...
The role of eyes in early face processing: A rapid adaptation study of
... According to the OSH, larger adaptation effects should be found for inverted than upright adaptors regardless of the category. Thus, in response to S2, a decreased activation should be found for inverted compared to upright adaptors, for each adaptor category tested: houses, mouths, eyes, faces, eye ...
... According to the OSH, larger adaptation effects should be found for inverted than upright adaptors regardless of the category. Thus, in response to S2, a decreased activation should be found for inverted compared to upright adaptors, for each adaptor category tested: houses, mouths, eyes, faces, eye ...
Whisker sensory system – From receptor to decision
... The efficiency of the primate visual system in extracting meaning from visual scenes is well-known. For instance, in a task where subjects must decide whether a briefly flashed photograph of a natural scene contains a target category such as an animal or food, monkeys can accurately respond as early as ...
... The efficiency of the primate visual system in extracting meaning from visual scenes is well-known. For instance, in a task where subjects must decide whether a briefly flashed photograph of a natural scene contains a target category such as an animal or food, monkeys can accurately respond as early as ...
attention - CMU Graphics
... Suppression of unattended stimuli The RF of V4 is large enough that both attended and unattended stimuli reach there How does the brain deal with conflicting signals? ● Attended stimulus suppresses the unattended stimuli in the same RF by increasing contrast of attended stimuli ...
... Suppression of unattended stimuli The RF of V4 is large enough that both attended and unattended stimuli reach there How does the brain deal with conflicting signals? ● Attended stimulus suppresses the unattended stimuli in the same RF by increasing contrast of attended stimuli ...
Enhanced Perceptual Functioning in Autism
... higher-order operations led to an atypical relationship between high and low order cognitive processes in autism, by making perceptual processes more difficult to control and more disruptive to the development of other behaviors and abilities. As a part of superior perceptual functioning, a superior p ...
... higher-order operations led to an atypical relationship between high and low order cognitive processes in autism, by making perceptual processes more difficult to control and more disruptive to the development of other behaviors and abilities. As a part of superior perceptual functioning, a superior p ...
Selective visual attention and perceptual coherence
... ‘nudges’ the visual system from one coherent state to another. Conscious visual experience starts with the image thrown by the scene upon the retina, where local computations immediately begin to transform the representation of stimuli according to their salience (so that, for example, objects with ...
... ‘nudges’ the visual system from one coherent state to another. Conscious visual experience starts with the image thrown by the scene upon the retina, where local computations immediately begin to transform the representation of stimuli according to their salience (so that, for example, objects with ...
NIH Public Access
... Despite the compelling empirical support for this model of PTSD pathophysiology, there are strong reasons to seek additional corroborative evidence. Whereas conditioned fear can be measured across species with relatively simple autonomic or behavioral responses that may even occur non-consciously in ...
... Despite the compelling empirical support for this model of PTSD pathophysiology, there are strong reasons to seek additional corroborative evidence. Whereas conditioned fear can be measured across species with relatively simple autonomic or behavioral responses that may even occur non-consciously in ...
(2006) Changes in visual receptive fields with microstimulation of
... responses at particular locations within the RF and altered the interaction between pairs of RF stimuli to favor those aligned with the activated FEF site. Thus, we could influence which stimulus drove the responses of individual V4 neurons. These results suggest that spatial signals involved in sac ...
... responses at particular locations within the RF and altered the interaction between pairs of RF stimuli to favor those aligned with the activated FEF site. Thus, we could influence which stimulus drove the responses of individual V4 neurons. These results suggest that spatial signals involved in sac ...
How Reliably Does a Neuron in the Visual Motion Pathway of fhe Fly
... at least to a large extent, by the animal itself. Hence, in order to assess the functional significance of neuronal noise, the noise has to be related to the stimulus-induced responses as are elicited by behaviourally relevant stimuli, i.e. stimuli that are similar to those experienced by a n animal ...
... at least to a large extent, by the animal itself. Hence, in order to assess the functional significance of neuronal noise, the noise has to be related to the stimulus-induced responses as are elicited by behaviourally relevant stimuli, i.e. stimuli that are similar to those experienced by a n animal ...
Classical Conditioning
... she loses sight of her parents. From then on, Midge runs screaming from the room every time her siblings put on Snow White and she sees the dwarves . The movie reminds her that her parents could disappear. She can’t stand the appearance of the Oompa-Loompas in Willy Wonka, either. Her parents gradua ...
... she loses sight of her parents. From then on, Midge runs screaming from the room every time her siblings put on Snow White and she sees the dwarves . The movie reminds her that her parents could disappear. She can’t stand the appearance of the Oompa-Loompas in Willy Wonka, either. Her parents gradua ...
Sensory Pathways and Emotional Context for Action
... (sensory) and internal (emotional) environments is directed most robustly to a posterior strip of orbitofrontal cortex, situated anterior to the temporal lobe and medial to the anterior insula (for discussion of the varied terminology of this region see [31]). The pOFC includes areas orbital periall ...
... (sensory) and internal (emotional) environments is directed most robustly to a posterior strip of orbitofrontal cortex, situated anterior to the temporal lobe and medial to the anterior insula (for discussion of the varied terminology of this region see [31]). The pOFC includes areas orbital periall ...
Meaningful auditory information enhances perception of visual
... 2007; Vroomen & de Gelder, 2000) but also affect visual perception phenomenologically. As the reduction of temporal uncertainty did not occur when sounds were out of synchrony relative to the visual patterns it is not surprising that in the out-of-synchrony condition no facilitation was observed and ...
... 2007; Vroomen & de Gelder, 2000) but also affect visual perception phenomenologically. As the reduction of temporal uncertainty did not occur when sounds were out of synchrony relative to the visual patterns it is not surprising that in the out-of-synchrony condition no facilitation was observed and ...
the iterative reprocessing model
... likely outcomes, regions of the OFC may be involved in integrating amygdala output with current experience, allowing the current context to play a role in shaping the evaluation (e.g., Blair, 2004; Beer, Heery, Keltner, Scabini, & Knight, 2003; Rolls, 2000; Rolls, Hornak, Wade, & McGrath, 1994). The ...
... likely outcomes, regions of the OFC may be involved in integrating amygdala output with current experience, allowing the current context to play a role in shaping the evaluation (e.g., Blair, 2004; Beer, Heery, Keltner, Scabini, & Knight, 2003; Rolls, 2000; Rolls, Hornak, Wade, & McGrath, 1994). The ...
Imagery and Perception Share Cortical
... of 3 different object exemplars in 4 different categories (Fig. 1A). In the perception condition, the pictures (size 4.8) were presented for 4 s at a position either 6 left or right of fixation (Fig. 1B,C) in pseudorandom order. In the imagery condition, participants received auditory cues that in ...
... of 3 different object exemplars in 4 different categories (Fig. 1A). In the perception condition, the pictures (size 4.8) were presented for 4 s at a position either 6 left or right of fixation (Fig. 1B,C) in pseudorandom order. In the imagery condition, participants received auditory cues that in ...
The representation of Kanizsa illusory contours in the monkey
... Stimulus reduction is an effective way to study visual performance. Cues such as surface characteristics, colour and inner lines can be removed from stimuli, revealing how the change affects recognition and neural processing. An extreme reduction is the removal of the very stimulus, defining it with ...
... Stimulus reduction is an effective way to study visual performance. Cues such as surface characteristics, colour and inner lines can be removed from stimuli, revealing how the change affects recognition and neural processing. An extreme reduction is the removal of the very stimulus, defining it with ...
urn_nbn_fi_jyu-20
... gorilla” setting seems so bizarre at first sight. Still, the paper quickly brought them real fame via psychology textbook chapters on human perception and attention.) Most empirical studies on inattentional blindness have been conducted in the visual domain (hence the name). However, phenomena of in ...
... gorilla” setting seems so bizarre at first sight. Still, the paper quickly brought them real fame via psychology textbook chapters on human perception and attention.) Most empirical studies on inattentional blindness have been conducted in the visual domain (hence the name). However, phenomena of in ...
A Subjective Distance Between Stimuli: Quantifying the Metric
... ten as D(q , q ) = (qi − q j )t M(qi − q j ), where M is a hermitian, positive definite matrix representing the scalar product. Condition 4 imposes symmetry among the components of the vectors, which means that M must be proportional to the unit matrix. Therefore, out of all the distances that have ...
... ten as D(q , q ) = (qi − q j )t M(qi − q j ), where M is a hermitian, positive definite matrix representing the scalar product. Condition 4 imposes symmetry among the components of the vectors, which means that M must be proportional to the unit matrix. Therefore, out of all the distances that have ...
Emotional Arousal and Memory Binding
... various features of an event together and maintaining these connections in memory is an essential component of episodic memories. Previous theories make contradictory predictions about the effects of emotional arousal on memory binding. In this article, I review evidence for both arousal-impaired an ...
... various features of an event together and maintaining these connections in memory is an essential component of episodic memories. Previous theories make contradictory predictions about the effects of emotional arousal on memory binding. In this article, I review evidence for both arousal-impaired an ...
Modeling Visual Cognition
... The visual system has a limited number of processing resources, which must be allocated optimally when we encode visual stimuli. In Kyllingsbæk, Valla, Vanrie, and Bundesen (2007), we manipulated the spatial separation between several stimulus letters in whole report while keeping the eccentricity o ...
... The visual system has a limited number of processing resources, which must be allocated optimally when we encode visual stimuli. In Kyllingsbæk, Valla, Vanrie, and Bundesen (2007), we manipulated the spatial separation between several stimulus letters in whole report while keeping the eccentricity o ...