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Chapter 12: Optical Communications
Chapter 12: Optical Communications

... through low-loss glass fibers. Since 1980 this development has dramatically transformed global communications. The advantage of an optical fiber for communications is that it has a bandwidth of approximately one terahertz, and can propagate signals over continental and even global distances when ass ...
Advanced Applications
Advanced Applications

Structure of Optical Vortices
Structure of Optical Vortices

Ultrafast adaptive optical near-field control
Ultrafast adaptive optical near-field control

... fascinating properties, such as subwavelength variation of the field strength, local field enhancement with respect to the incident wave, and local fields with vector components perpendicular to those of the incident field. The subwavelength field strength variation is responsible for the spatial re ...
Top downloaded Optics Express article for March.
Top downloaded Optics Express article for March.

... Cabezas, Luisa; Tebaldi, Myrian; Barrera, John Fredy; Bolognini, Néstor; Torroba, Roberto We demonstrate a smart image-packaging optical technique that uses what we believe is a new concept to save byte space when transmitting data. The technique supports a large set of images mapped into modulated ...
6.1 Characteristics Because VCSELs emit from the top surface of the
6.1 Characteristics Because VCSELs emit from the top surface of the

... When edge-emitters are used in optical fibercommunication systems, they incorporate a rear facet photodiode to provide a means to monitor the laser output, as this output varies with temperature. In today’s optical networks, binary digital modulation is typically used, namely on (i.e., light on) and ...
Optical Detection of Early Damage in Retinal Ganglion Cells in a
Optical Detection of Early Damage in Retinal Ganglion Cells in a

... causes RI fluctuation, which leads to detectable backscattered light due to elastic scattering. Because of the heterogeneous nature of the mass density distribution, we modeled tissue as a random medium with continuously fluctuating mass density. The most comprehensive way to describe such a medium ...
PII: 0030-4018(95)00743-1
PII: 0030-4018(95)00743-1

... lo7 m-l. Fig. 1 depicts the MI gain given by Eq. (13) (solid line curve) as a function of the dimensioneless quantity p/k when E, = 5 X lo5 V/m and r = 1. Since the MI gain is symmetric with respect to p, only the positive p-branch is plotted. Moreover, it is important to note that the dimensioneles ...
Diamond chemical-vapor deposition on optical fibers for
Diamond chemical-vapor deposition on optical fibers for

... centers into the near-field for coupling to the fiber and opens the possibility of devices where the centers are used as coupling elements 共for example on a near field scanning optical microsopy probe for surface analysis兲, or where the fluorescence is the desired product, for example as a single-ph ...
Defect-tolerant extreme ultraviolet nanoscale printing L. Urbanski, * A. Isoyan, A. Stein,
Defect-tolerant extreme ultraviolet nanoscale printing L. Urbanski, * A. Isoyan, A. Stein,

10 fs ultrafast all-optical switching in polystyrene nonlinear photonic
10 fs ultrafast all-optical switching in polystyrene nonlinear photonic

Three-dimensional imaging of a phase object from a single sample... Chien-Chun Chen, Huaidong Jiang, Lu Rong,
Three-dimensional imaging of a phase object from a single sample... Chien-Chun Chen, Huaidong Jiang, Lu Rong,

Polarimetric imaging of crystals - Werner Kaminsky
Polarimetric imaging of crystals - Werner Kaminsky

... The relevant body of research was begun in 1985 when Mickols et al. introduced the imaging differential polarization microscope.3 In this device various voltages were applied to a KH2PO4 crystal in a Pockels cell in order to modulate between orthogonal polarization states, or between left and right ...
pdf.file
pdf.file

LAB LASER OPERATOR
LAB LASER OPERATOR

... by at a metastable level, the decay is excited by the narrow decay. Mirror cavity photons are in phase and the emitted light wave in phase and intense ...
Dense plasma diagnostics with an amplitude-division soft-x-ray laser
Dense plasma diagnostics with an amplitude-division soft-x-ray laser

Microbolometer_sensor
Microbolometer_sensor

Distributed Rayleigh scatter dynamic strain sensing above
Distributed Rayleigh scatter dynamic strain sensing above

How laser works
How laser works

... transitory, lasting only about one-millionth of a second. A small pulse of laser light "tuned" to the excited electrons' energy is directed through the glass slabs. This laser pulse stimulates the electrons to drop to their lower energy states, or "ground" states, and emit a laser photon of exactly ...
Photonic Devices I Purpose of the Lab
Photonic Devices I Purpose of the Lab

4.1 Simulated Emission and Photon Amplification
4.1 Simulated Emission and Photon Amplification

... Δv = 2-5GHz for many gas lasers, He-Ne laser ~0.02 Å Fig. 4.8 Full width at half maximum linewidth (FWHM) ...
Direct Characterization of Plasmonic Slot Waveguides and
Direct Characterization of Plasmonic Slot Waveguides and

High power, continuous-wave ytterbium-doped fiber - HAL
High power, continuous-wave ytterbium-doped fiber - HAL

... cooling where the laser wavelength has to be specifically adjusted, metrology or medical treatments. There is also an increasing attention of such sources for parametric applications as for instance frequency conversion, including Raman or optical parametric amplifiers [1–3]. To this purpose, rare e ...
Diffraction-managed superlensing using metallodielectric heterostructures
Diffraction-managed superlensing using metallodielectric heterostructures

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Super-resolution microscopy

Super-resolution microscopy is a form of light microscopy. Due to the diffraction of light, the resolution of conventional light microscopy is limited as stated by Ernst Abbe in 1873. A good approximation of the resolution attainable is the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the point spread function, and a precise widefield microscope with high numerical aperture and visible light usually reaches a resolution of ~250 nm.Super-resolution techniques allow the capture of images with a higher resolution than the diffraction limit. They fall into two broad categories, ""true"" super-resolution techniques, which capture information contained in evanescent waves, and ""functional"" super-resolution techniques, which use clever experimental techniques and known limitations on the matter being imaged to reconstruct a super-resolution image.True subwavelength imaging techniques include those that utilize the Pendry Superlens and near field scanning optical microscopy, the 4Pi Microscope and structured illumination microscopy technologies like SIM and SMI. However, the majority of techniques of importance in biological imaging fall into the functional category.There are two major groups of methods for functional super-resolution microscopy: Deterministic super-resolution: The most commonly used emitters in biological microscopy, fluorophores, show a nonlinear response to excitation, and this nonlinear response can be exploited to enhance resolution. These methods include STED, GSD, RESOLFT and SSIM. Stochastic super-resolution: The chemical complexity of many molecular light sources gives them a complex temporal behaviour, which can be used to make several close-by fluorophores emit light at separate times and thereby become resolvable in time. These methods include SOFI and all single-molecule localization methods (SMLM) such as SPDM, SPDMphymod, PALM, FPALM, STORM and dSTORM.On October 8th, 2014, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Eric Betzig, W.E. Moerner and Stefan Hell for ""the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy,"" which brings ""optical microscopy into the nanodimension"".
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