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Chapter 13: Peripheral Nervous System and Reflexes
Chapter 13: Peripheral Nervous System and Reflexes

... A reflex is a rapid, predictable motor response to a stimulus. Can be either inborn (involuntary and intrinsic) or learned (still involuntary, though). Many spinal reflexes occur without the involvement of higher brain centers. Muscle spindles: receptors in skeletal muscle that are sensitive to stre ...
Neurologic System
Neurologic System

... – Maintain muscle tone and control body movements (walking) ...
BIOL 128
BIOL 128

... I. Develop an understanding of the basic facts and principles from anatomy and physiology including normal and some pathological conditions. II. Develop knowledge of the fundamental anatomical structure of the human body. III. Understand the essential physiological processes of the human body. IV. I ...
Lecture 2
Lecture 2

... b. propels blood through lungs and body V. Nervous System A. Major Components 1. brain and spinal cord (Central Nervous System) 2. nerves and sensory organs (Peripheral N S) B. Major Functions 1. detect changes in internal and external environment 2. respond to changes to keep body homeostatic 3. or ...
Relationships Between Systems
Relationships Between Systems

... • All body systems are dependent upon the circulatory system to transport material. • The circulatory system works with the excretory system to help remove wastes from the body. • The respiratory system works with the circulatory system to make sure that oxygen (O2) reaches the bloodstream and carbo ...
Human Body Systems
Human Body Systems

... 5. Bones store calcium and phosphorus for our body - Ca helps our heart and muscles work - P helps our cells produce and store energy - When stored in our bones, Ca and P help make bones stronger ...
Chapter 3 Organ Systems of the Body
Chapter 3 Organ Systems of the Body

... legs, pacemaker,artificial joint(hip),dialysis Machines(kidneys),cochlear implants(ears), Cornea implants(eyes) *** less successful for vital organs, but improving constantly Organ transplantation – organ rejection by recipient is major problem --- Cyclosporine- an immunosuppressive drug hinders rej ...
9.1-9.4 Notes
9.1-9.4 Notes

... – PNS axons-made of Schwann cells that make myelin – Neurilemma-covering that surrounds myelin sheath – Nodes of Ranvier-gaps in between myelin sheath of axon • Myelinated in CNS are called white matter • Unmyelinated in CNS are called gray matter ...
So, do worms sleep?
So, do worms sleep?

... Despite much progress in our understanding of C. elegans locomotion and navigation, little is known about the regulation of the absence of movement. Yet behavioral quiescent states are universal to the animal world, with the most famous and mysterious of these being sleep. The roundworm C. elegans i ...
Nervous System Notes PP
Nervous System Notes PP

... http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Gt322-XxI ...
Principals of General Zoology (Zoo-103)
Principals of General Zoology (Zoo-103)

...  Homeostasis: is a term describe the physical and chemical parameters that an organism must maintain to allow proper functioning of its component cells, tissues, organs, and systems.  Enzymes work best when a certain range of temperature and pH, that cells must maintain a balance between having to ...
10A Interactions in Animals
10A Interactions in Animals

... 1. An animal’s body consists of organs and systems that are unified and interact to conduct the functions of life, including maintaining homeostasis, metabolizing nutrients, reproducing new organisms, and pursuing survival through defense and mobility. No single life process can be achieved without ...
ppt - Marric.us
ppt - Marric.us

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The Nervous System
The Nervous System

... – Spinal Chord and Brain – Processing coordination of stimulus and response 2. Peripheral Nervous System - All neural tissue outside the CNS - Delivers sensory information to the CNS and carries motor commands to the effectors ...
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... -The process by which organisms maintain, control, and coordinate their internal environment with a constantly changing external environment -It is all of the activities that help to maintain an organism’s ...
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What is the Digestive System?
What is the Digestive System?

... major functions.  Cut out the rectangles and arrange them on the piece of construction paper so that organ systems, major organs, and major functions are grouped together  Once you are as sure as you’re going to be about all your matches being correct, glue them all down to the piece of constructi ...
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... evolved structure but is less well developed than in more specialized mammals, such as primates. ◦ The brain of a canine is more immature than the human brain at birth, but maturation of cerebral function proceeds at a higher rate.  A 1 month old puppy has near adult development of the CNS ...
body systems
body systems

... • The nervous system controls and coordinates all the activities of the body. • System: Organs that work together. ...
Reflex Arc - Point Loma High School
Reflex Arc - Point Loma High School

... cord which allows reflex actions to occur relatively quickly by activating spinal motor neurons without the delay of steering signals through the brain, although the brain will receive sensory input while the reflex action occurs. ...
Body Systems - Warren Consolidated Schools
Body Systems - Warren Consolidated Schools

...  Tissues make up organs  Organs make up organ systems  Organ systems make up organisms. You’ve seen cells and tissues under the microscope. You know about some organs of the body, but let’s look in depth at a few of the systems that carry out body functions. ...
Gr5 Human Organ Systems Test Review
Gr5 Human Organ Systems Test Review

... Human Organ Systems Test Test: Wednesday, October 12th PART A – Multiple Choice (6 questions) ...
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... movements of the muscles, like walking or swinging the arms. • This means that the movement is smooth and controlled and you don’t fall over when you turn around. • Cerebrum has special areas, which receive messages about sight, touch, hearing and taste. Other areas control movement, speech, learnin ...
Savage Science AP Biology
Savage Science AP Biology

... Sensory transduction is the conversion of stimulus energy into a change in the membrane potential of a sensory receptor Many sensory receptors are very sensitive: they are able to detect the smallest physical unit of ...
Module 6
Module 6

... October 4, 2006 ...
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Neuroscience in space



Space neuroscience is the scientific study of the central nervous system (CNS) functions during spaceflight. Living systems can integrate the inputs from the senses to navigate in their environment and to coordinate posture, locomotion, and eye movements. Gravity has a fundamental role in controlling these functions. In weightlessness during spaceflight, integrating the sensory inputs and coordinating motor responses is harder to do because gravity is no longer sensed during free-fall. For example, the otolith organs of the vestibular system no longer signal head tilt relative to gravity when standing. However, they can still sense head translation during body motion. Ambiguities and changes in how the gravitational input is processed can lead to potential errors in perception, which affects spatial orientation and mental representation. Dysfunctions of the vestibular system are common during and immediately after spaceflight, such as space motion sickness in orbit and balance disorders after return to Earth.Adaptation to weightlessness involves not just the Sensory-motor coupling functions, but some autonomic nervous system functions as well. Sleep disorders and orthostatic intolerance are also common during and after spaceflight. There is no hydrostatic pressure in a weightless environment. As a result, the redistribution of body fluids toward the upper body causes a decrease in leg volume, which may affect muscle viscosity and compliance. An increase in intracranial pressure may also be responsible for a decrease in near visual acuity. In addition, muscle mass and strength both decrease as a result of the reduced loading in weightlessness. Moreover, approximately 70% of astronauts experience space motion sickness to some degree during the first days. The drugs commonly used to combat motion sickness, such as scopolamine and promethazine, have soporific effects. These factors can lead to chronic fatigue. The challenge of integrative space medicine and physiology is to investigate the adaptation of the human body to spaceflight as a whole, and not just as the sum of body parts because all body functions are connected and interact with each other.
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