Neurophysiology - American Physiological Society
... NEU 30. Describe the local factors affecting brain blood flow and contrast their effectiveness with that of autonomic regulation of cerebral blood flow. Understand the role of blood flow in relation to fMRI. NEU 31. Describe cerebrovascular disorders (stroke, hemorrhage, aneurysm, migraine headache) ...
... NEU 30. Describe the local factors affecting brain blood flow and contrast their effectiveness with that of autonomic regulation of cerebral blood flow. Understand the role of blood flow in relation to fMRI. NEU 31. Describe cerebrovascular disorders (stroke, hemorrhage, aneurysm, migraine headache) ...
By ON THE ROLE OF THE SUPERIOR COLLICULUS IN THE CONTROL... VISUALLY-GUIDED SACCADES
... The ability to safely react to dangerous situations, or exploit opportunities within a dynamically changing world is fundamental for our survival. In order to respond to such changes in the environment, sensory information must first be received and processed by the nervous system before an appropri ...
... The ability to safely react to dangerous situations, or exploit opportunities within a dynamically changing world is fundamental for our survival. In order to respond to such changes in the environment, sensory information must first be received and processed by the nervous system before an appropri ...
Local Field Potentials Related to Bimanual Movements in the
... processing allow interpretation of the LFP evoked by sensory stimulation (Mitzdorf, 1985;Mitzdorf, 1987), but it is not clear whether such studies would have relevance for other cortical areas or in animals which are actively performing a task. In this study, we present an analysis of the activity e ...
... processing allow interpretation of the LFP evoked by sensory stimulation (Mitzdorf, 1985;Mitzdorf, 1987), but it is not clear whether such studies would have relevance for other cortical areas or in animals which are actively performing a task. In this study, we present an analysis of the activity e ...
Neural representation of olfactory mixtures in the honeybee
... stimulation recording corresponded to a three-dimensional matrix with two spatial dimensions (x, y pixels of the area of interest) and a temporal dimension (100 frames). Three steps were carried out to calculate the signals. First, to reduce photon (shot) noise, the raw data were filtered in both the ...
... stimulation recording corresponded to a three-dimensional matrix with two spatial dimensions (x, y pixels of the area of interest) and a temporal dimension (100 frames). Three steps were carried out to calculate the signals. First, to reduce photon (shot) noise, the raw data were filtered in both the ...
PDF
... differentiation in vivo is that axogenesis in individual neurons precedes their dendrogenesis (Kim and Chiba, 2004; Westerfield et al., 1986). As a result, when dendrites first appear in the embryonic CNS, axons have already laid out basic fascicle organizations. In many animals, a neuropil, the reg ...
... differentiation in vivo is that axogenesis in individual neurons precedes their dendrogenesis (Kim and Chiba, 2004; Westerfield et al., 1986). As a result, when dendrites first appear in the embryonic CNS, axons have already laid out basic fascicle organizations. In many animals, a neuropil, the reg ...
Effects of Reversible Inactivation of the Primate Mesencephalic
... Predictions about the specific oculomotor deficits, which may occur after inactivation of brain stem structures, are easier to understand by reference to these models. Shifts in the input to either model, that is a more distant orbital position (EP model), or larger eye displacement (ED model), woul ...
... Predictions about the specific oculomotor deficits, which may occur after inactivation of brain stem structures, are easier to understand by reference to these models. Shifts in the input to either model, that is a more distant orbital position (EP model), or larger eye displacement (ED model), woul ...
Neural mechanism of rapid eye movement sleep generation
... characteristically found in species with neocortex or welldeveloped brain. The EEG being one of the primary criteria to identify REM sleep, severely restricts the number of animal species in which REM sleep can be studied because a fully developed brain is the characteristic of higher order animals ...
... characteristically found in species with neocortex or welldeveloped brain. The EEG being one of the primary criteria to identify REM sleep, severely restricts the number of animal species in which REM sleep can be studied because a fully developed brain is the characteristic of higher order animals ...
table of contents
... fatigued humans (102,107), which may contribute to altered muscle activation by the motor cortex (103). This evidence suggests that inadequate neural drive upstream of the motor cortex may contribute to the sub-optimal activation seen in central fatigue. However, the mechanisms by which supraspinal ...
... fatigued humans (102,107), which may contribute to altered muscle activation by the motor cortex (103). This evidence suggests that inadequate neural drive upstream of the motor cortex may contribute to the sub-optimal activation seen in central fatigue. However, the mechanisms by which supraspinal ...
REM Sleep - Test Page
... events might correspond to REM sleep twitches and which might be the cetacean equivalent of myoclonic jerks occurring in non-REM sleep is a difficult task. What is already clear is that very few such jerks occur, on the order of 10 to f 00 per day, compared with approximately 3000 in the rat. If the ...
... events might correspond to REM sleep twitches and which might be the cetacean equivalent of myoclonic jerks occurring in non-REM sleep is a difficult task. What is already clear is that very few such jerks occur, on the order of 10 to f 00 per day, compared with approximately 3000 in the rat. If the ...
Analysis of sleep spindles and model of their generation
... to their frequency allowed to distinguish two types of sleep spindles. It was found that the two types of sleep spindles differ also in the topographical locations of appearance and in the distributions of intervals between successive occurrences. High time-frequency resolution of the MP algorithm a ...
... to their frequency allowed to distinguish two types of sleep spindles. It was found that the two types of sleep spindles differ also in the topographical locations of appearance and in the distributions of intervals between successive occurrences. High time-frequency resolution of the MP algorithm a ...
INVESTIGATING THE SOPHISTICATION OF LONG-LATENCY UPPER LIMB
... voluntary motor behaviour involves the sophisticated manipulation of sensory feedback. Although this theory can explain how people move in the world, it does not specifically describe how this control process is implemented by the nervous system. In this thesis, we propose and explore one physiologi ...
... voluntary motor behaviour involves the sophisticated manipulation of sensory feedback. Although this theory can explain how people move in the world, it does not specifically describe how this control process is implemented by the nervous system. In this thesis, we propose and explore one physiologi ...
Graziano's CV
... Graziano MSA (2014) How Ventriloquism Works. Frontiers for young minds, DOI:10.3389/frym.2014.00004. Graziano MSA and Kastner S (2011) Human consciousness and its relationship to social neuroscience: A novel hypothesis. Cognitive Neuroscience, 2: 98-113. Graziano MSA and Kastner S (2011) Awareness a ...
... Graziano MSA (2014) How Ventriloquism Works. Frontiers for young minds, DOI:10.3389/frym.2014.00004. Graziano MSA and Kastner S (2011) Human consciousness and its relationship to social neuroscience: A novel hypothesis. Cognitive Neuroscience, 2: 98-113. Graziano MSA and Kastner S (2011) Awareness a ...
The transference of benefits between the eyes Does
... should be the eye used for monocular task and therefore has no unique functional role in vision, at least when it comes to monocular studies. There is evidence that support this view. For instance, in some people the dominant eye is the eye they have a habit of using more and other people alternate ...
... should be the eye used for monocular task and therefore has no unique functional role in vision, at least when it comes to monocular studies. There is evidence that support this view. For instance, in some people the dominant eye is the eye they have a habit of using more and other people alternate ...
A role for sleep in brain plasticity
... to the ability of the brain to persistently modify its structure and function according to genetic ...
... to the ability of the brain to persistently modify its structure and function according to genetic ...
Convergence, Divergence, Pupillary Reactions and
... 3 The accommodative amplitude was measured until the increasing miosis interfered with the retinoscopy. This was done just prior to sacrificing the monkey under sodium pentothal anesthesia. ...
... 3 The accommodative amplitude was measured until the increasing miosis interfered with the retinoscopy. This was done just prior to sacrificing the monkey under sodium pentothal anesthesia. ...
basic mechanisms of sleep
... waves can be blocked by cholinergic antagonists (8). A long history of microinjection studies has shown that, at the level of the pons, cholinergic mechanisms at a variety of sites participate in the suppression of muscle tone accompanying REM (for review, see ref. 33). In addition to brainstemmedia ...
... waves can be blocked by cholinergic antagonists (8). A long history of microinjection studies has shown that, at the level of the pons, cholinergic mechanisms at a variety of sites participate in the suppression of muscle tone accompanying REM (for review, see ref. 33). In addition to brainstemmedia ...
Functional Neuroimaging Insights into the Physiology of Human Sleep
... regionally specific and transient. Besides refining the understanding of sleep mechanisms, functional brain imaging has also advanced the description of the functional properties of sleep. For instance, it has been shown that the sleeping brain is still able to process external information and even ...
... regionally specific and transient. Besides refining the understanding of sleep mechanisms, functional brain imaging has also advanced the description of the functional properties of sleep. For instance, it has been shown that the sleeping brain is still able to process external information and even ...
Muscle tone regulation during REM sleep
... indicate that the subcoeruleus neurons may form the ‘REM generator’ in the brainstem. The subcoeruleus has been the focus of many other sleep researchers investigating REM sleep mechanisms, although a variety of names such as peri-locus coeruleus alpha, peribrachial region and pontine inhibitory reg ...
... indicate that the subcoeruleus neurons may form the ‘REM generator’ in the brainstem. The subcoeruleus has been the focus of many other sleep researchers investigating REM sleep mechanisms, although a variety of names such as peri-locus coeruleus alpha, peribrachial region and pontine inhibitory reg ...
Sleep Neurobiology from a Clinical Perspective
... Drugs that increase DA signaling are used frequently to improve excessive daytime sleepiness. Classical stimulants such as methylphenidate and amphetamine increase extracellular levels of DA by disrupting the function of the DA transporter (DAT), thereby increasing extracellular levels of DA (Figure ...
... Drugs that increase DA signaling are used frequently to improve excessive daytime sleepiness. Classical stimulants such as methylphenidate and amphetamine increase extracellular levels of DA by disrupting the function of the DA transporter (DAT), thereby increasing extracellular levels of DA (Figure ...
Neuro-Opthalmology (Developments in Ophthalmology, Vol. 40)
... global layer MIFs. Palisade endings are unique to eye muscles, and have been found in all mammalian species investigated up to now. The function of palisade endings is uncertain, but it is possible that they are ‘sensory receptors’. Motoneurons innervating the eye muscles lie in the oculomotor, troc ...
... global layer MIFs. Palisade endings are unique to eye muscles, and have been found in all mammalian species investigated up to now. The function of palisade endings is uncertain, but it is possible that they are ‘sensory receptors’. Motoneurons innervating the eye muscles lie in the oculomotor, troc ...
Csercsa Richárd
... Sleep is a condition during which animals are resting and their responses to external sensory stimuli (sounds, touch, smell) and processing of the information these stimuli carry are altered compared to the waking state. Most of these stimuli don’t reach the conscious level, they fade in the neurona ...
... Sleep is a condition during which animals are resting and their responses to external sensory stimuli (sounds, touch, smell) and processing of the information these stimuli carry are altered compared to the waking state. Most of these stimuli don’t reach the conscious level, they fade in the neurona ...
sleep disturbances associated with neuropsychiatric disease
... the REM sleep state. Human brain imaging studies of REM sleep show that the ventral pathway predominates during human REM sleep in activating anterior paralimbic structures (19,20). Mechanisms Underlying Behavioral State Changes: Modulatory Structures In large part, these preclinical studies have fo ...
... the REM sleep state. Human brain imaging studies of REM sleep show that the ventral pathway predominates during human REM sleep in activating anterior paralimbic structures (19,20). Mechanisms Underlying Behavioral State Changes: Modulatory Structures In large part, these preclinical studies have fo ...
Why We Sleep: The Temporal Organization of
... cholinergic systems are active and contribute to EEG desynchronization through thalamic and cortical projections. Hypocretin cells excite monoaminergic cells, and possibly cholinergic neurons (the net effect on cholinergic neurons is more difficult to estimate as most hypocretin receptors are mostly ...
... cholinergic systems are active and contribute to EEG desynchronization through thalamic and cortical projections. Hypocretin cells excite monoaminergic cells, and possibly cholinergic neurons (the net effect on cholinergic neurons is more difficult to estimate as most hypocretin receptors are mostly ...
Vestibular Signals in the Parasolitary Nucleus
... the pitch or roll planes but not the horizontal plane. Psol neurons responded in phase with ipsilateral side-down head position or velocity during sinusoidal stimulation. Approximately 80% of the recorded Psol neurons responded to static roll-tilt. The optimal response planes of evoked vestibular re ...
... the pitch or roll planes but not the horizontal plane. Psol neurons responded in phase with ipsilateral side-down head position or velocity during sinusoidal stimulation. Approximately 80% of the recorded Psol neurons responded to static roll-tilt. The optimal response planes of evoked vestibular re ...
Eye fields in the frontal lobes of primates
... Although the DMFC and FEF are both active during the execution of saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements, the FEF is more dedicated to these functions. Lesions of DMFC minimally affect the production of most types of saccadic eye movements and have no effect on the execution of smooth pursuit eye ...
... Although the DMFC and FEF are both active during the execution of saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements, the FEF is more dedicated to these functions. Lesions of DMFC minimally affect the production of most types of saccadic eye movements and have no effect on the execution of smooth pursuit eye ...
Neuroscience in space
Space neuroscience is the scientific study of the central nervous system (CNS) functions during spaceflight. Living systems can integrate the inputs from the senses to navigate in their environment and to coordinate posture, locomotion, and eye movements. Gravity has a fundamental role in controlling these functions. In weightlessness during spaceflight, integrating the sensory inputs and coordinating motor responses is harder to do because gravity is no longer sensed during free-fall. For example, the otolith organs of the vestibular system no longer signal head tilt relative to gravity when standing. However, they can still sense head translation during body motion. Ambiguities and changes in how the gravitational input is processed can lead to potential errors in perception, which affects spatial orientation and mental representation. Dysfunctions of the vestibular system are common during and immediately after spaceflight, such as space motion sickness in orbit and balance disorders after return to Earth.Adaptation to weightlessness involves not just the Sensory-motor coupling functions, but some autonomic nervous system functions as well. Sleep disorders and orthostatic intolerance are also common during and after spaceflight. There is no hydrostatic pressure in a weightless environment. As a result, the redistribution of body fluids toward the upper body causes a decrease in leg volume, which may affect muscle viscosity and compliance. An increase in intracranial pressure may also be responsible for a decrease in near visual acuity. In addition, muscle mass and strength both decrease as a result of the reduced loading in weightlessness. Moreover, approximately 70% of astronauts experience space motion sickness to some degree during the first days. The drugs commonly used to combat motion sickness, such as scopolamine and promethazine, have soporific effects. These factors can lead to chronic fatigue. The challenge of integrative space medicine and physiology is to investigate the adaptation of the human body to spaceflight as a whole, and not just as the sum of body parts because all body functions are connected and interact with each other.