Neurally Plausible Model of Robot Reaching Inspired by Infant
... In this dissertation, we present an abstract model of infant reaching that is neurally-plausible. This model is grounded in embodied artificial intelligence, which emphasizes the importance of the sensorimotor interaction of an agent and the world. It includes both learning sensorimotor correlations ...
... In this dissertation, we present an abstract model of infant reaching that is neurally-plausible. This model is grounded in embodied artificial intelligence, which emphasizes the importance of the sensorimotor interaction of an agent and the world. It includes both learning sensorimotor correlations ...
Effect of Spatial Attention on the Responses of Area MT Neurons
... these conditions relate to early and late selection models? One interesting possibility is that strong attentional effects occur in MT whenever attention is directed to one of two or more competing motion stimuli that appear simultaneously within the cell’s receptive field, as in the study of Treue ...
... these conditions relate to early and late selection models? One interesting possibility is that strong attentional effects occur in MT whenever attention is directed to one of two or more competing motion stimuli that appear simultaneously within the cell’s receptive field, as in the study of Treue ...
Neural Activity in Macaque Parietal Cortex Reflects
... eye-movement responses. We tested the hypothesis that decision-related neural activity in LIP represents the time integral of the momentary motion “evidence.” By briefly perturbing the strength of the visual motion stimulus during the formation of perceptual decisions, we tested whether this LIP act ...
... eye-movement responses. We tested the hypothesis that decision-related neural activity in LIP represents the time integral of the momentary motion “evidence.” By briefly perturbing the strength of the visual motion stimulus during the formation of perceptual decisions, we tested whether this LIP act ...
Course Content - Neurological Society of India
... 2. Clouded consciousness is a state of reduced awareness whose main deficit is one of inattention. Stimuli may be perceived at a conscious level but are easily ignored or ...
... 2. Clouded consciousness is a state of reduced awareness whose main deficit is one of inattention. Stimuli may be perceived at a conscious level but are easily ignored or ...
A Critical Period of Sleep for Development of Courtship Circuitry and
... behavior critical for species propagation and suggest that rapidly growing regions of the brain are most susceptible to sleep perturbations early in life. he ontogenetic hypothesis of sleep, proposed nearly 50 years ago, postulates that early developmental sleep is important for brain patterning (1) ...
... behavior critical for species propagation and suggest that rapidly growing regions of the brain are most susceptible to sleep perturbations early in life. he ontogenetic hypothesis of sleep, proposed nearly 50 years ago, postulates that early developmental sleep is important for brain patterning (1) ...
- Journal of Vestibular Research
... D Abstract- This theoretical paper describes the "intrinsic mechanism hypothesis," a new hypothesis of vestibular compensation, the behavioral recovery that follows unilateral deafferentation of the vestibular labyrinth (UVD). The most salient characteristic of vestibular compensation is the decreas ...
... D Abstract- This theoretical paper describes the "intrinsic mechanism hypothesis," a new hypothesis of vestibular compensation, the behavioral recovery that follows unilateral deafferentation of the vestibular labyrinth (UVD). The most salient characteristic of vestibular compensation is the decreas ...
Somatosensory processes subserving perception and action
... The somatosensory system is involved in many aspects of our behaviour. It provides information about the position of different parts of the body with respect to one another. It allows characterisation and localisation of touch, stroking, and pain, and it is important for all motor action involving t ...
... The somatosensory system is involved in many aspects of our behaviour. It provides information about the position of different parts of the body with respect to one another. It allows characterisation and localisation of touch, stroking, and pain, and it is important for all motor action involving t ...
State transitions between wake and sleep, and within the
... whom go along with Dement and Kleitman7 and Rechtschaffen and Kales8 who define sleep onset in stage 1 based on criteria of alpha reduction. The most frequently used definition, however, situates it at the first appearance of sleep spindles or K-complexes (stage 2),6,9,10,24–26 probably because this ...
... whom go along with Dement and Kleitman7 and Rechtschaffen and Kales8 who define sleep onset in stage 1 based on criteria of alpha reduction. The most frequently used definition, however, situates it at the first appearance of sleep spindles or K-complexes (stage 2),6,9,10,24–26 probably because this ...
Recasting the Smooth Pursuit Eye Movement System
... and saccades extends to circuits involving the basal ganglia and thalamus. Cortical areas such as the FEF project to the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) via the caudate nucleus (CN) of the striatum, and a series of classic studies has shown how tonic inhibition exerted on the superior collicu ...
... and saccades extends to circuits involving the basal ganglia and thalamus. Cortical areas such as the FEF project to the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) via the caudate nucleus (CN) of the striatum, and a series of classic studies has shown how tonic inhibition exerted on the superior collicu ...
Effect of Lesions of the Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus on NREM and
... bar at ⫺3.3 mm. The coordinates for medial preoptic control injections were anteroposterior, ⫺0.4 mm; dorsoventral, ⫺8.0 mm; and mediolateral, ⫾0.4 mm; and the coordinates for ventromedial preoptic injections were anteroposterior, ⫺0.2 mm; dorsoventral, ⫺8.2 mm; and mediolateral, ⫾0.2 mm. Fifteen na ...
... bar at ⫺3.3 mm. The coordinates for medial preoptic control injections were anteroposterior, ⫺0.4 mm; dorsoventral, ⫺8.0 mm; and mediolateral, ⫾0.4 mm; and the coordinates for ventromedial preoptic injections were anteroposterior, ⫺0.2 mm; dorsoventral, ⫺8.2 mm; and mediolateral, ⫾0.2 mm. Fifteen na ...
Corticomuscular Contributions to the Control of Rhythmic Movement
... neuromuscular disorders. Human movement requires inputs from supraspinal and spinal centers as well as sensory afferent feedback. However, little is known about the interaction between cortical and muscular activity during whole body movement. This thesis aimed to investigate neuromuscular control a ...
... neuromuscular disorders. Human movement requires inputs from supraspinal and spinal centers as well as sensory afferent feedback. However, little is known about the interaction between cortical and muscular activity during whole body movement. This thesis aimed to investigate neuromuscular control a ...
Visually induced and spontaneous behavior in the zebrafish
... Behavior is often conceived as resulting from a stimulus-response association. Under this paradigm, understanding the nervous system is reduced to finding the relation between a sensory input and a motor output. Yet, in naturally behaving animals, motor actions influence sensory perceptions just as ...
... Behavior is often conceived as resulting from a stimulus-response association. Under this paradigm, understanding the nervous system is reduced to finding the relation between a sensory input and a motor output. Yet, in naturally behaving animals, motor actions influence sensory perceptions just as ...
Vestibular Migraine May 2013
... experience migraine. Furthermore, Radke et al. (2002) found that up to 45% of Meniere’s patient experience migraine-related symptoms such as visual aura during their vertigo attacks. In consideration of these similarities, in 2013 even Lempert (one of the biggest proponents of defining vestibular mi ...
... experience migraine. Furthermore, Radke et al. (2002) found that up to 45% of Meniere’s patient experience migraine-related symptoms such as visual aura during their vertigo attacks. In consideration of these similarities, in 2013 even Lempert (one of the biggest proponents of defining vestibular mi ...
Mammalian Sleep
... neuronal activity of the midbrain and pontine regions responsible for REM sleep generation was studied in the turtle.20 This study found no evidence of cyclicity in neuronal activity during extended quiescent periods and hence no evidence of REM sleep. It would be extremely valuable to confirm these ...
... neuronal activity of the midbrain and pontine regions responsible for REM sleep generation was studied in the turtle.20 This study found no evidence of cyclicity in neuronal activity during extended quiescent periods and hence no evidence of REM sleep. It would be extremely valuable to confirm these ...
- Wiley Online Library
... target and correct for the position mismatch between the visual axis and the object of interest (see Leigh & Kennard, 2004 for a review). Saccades are fast eye movements (up to 1000 deg s−1 ) and their duration is very short (30–80 ms). Their peak velocity, duration and amplitude show consistent rel ...
... target and correct for the position mismatch between the visual axis and the object of interest (see Leigh & Kennard, 2004 for a review). Saccades are fast eye movements (up to 1000 deg s−1 ) and their duration is very short (30–80 ms). Their peak velocity, duration and amplitude show consistent rel ...
Mechanisms of Sleep Control - UCLA Integrative Center for
... activity in the brainstem reticular formation is reduced from waking levels to the lowest levels that occur during the sleep-wake cycle (Siegel, 1979). In the cerebral cortex, unit discharge rates are also reduced in NREM sleep. There is a profound fall in blood flow, correlated with decreased gluco ...
... activity in the brainstem reticular formation is reduced from waking levels to the lowest levels that occur during the sleep-wake cycle (Siegel, 1979). In the cerebral cortex, unit discharge rates are also reduced in NREM sleep. There is a profound fall in blood flow, correlated with decreased gluco ...
Sleep duration varies as a function of glutamate and GABA in rat
... sleep and wakefulness presents an analytical challenge because of the short duration of rodent sleep episodes and analytical methods that require relatively large sample volumes (3–10 lL). To overcome these limitations, the present experiments took advantage of capillary electrophoresis with laser-i ...
... sleep and wakefulness presents an analytical challenge because of the short duration of rodent sleep episodes and analytical methods that require relatively large sample volumes (3–10 lL). To overcome these limitations, the present experiments took advantage of capillary electrophoresis with laser-i ...
Normal sleep and circadian rhythms: Neurobiologic mechanisms
... ultradian process within sleep is believed to control the alternation between REMNREM sleep every 90 to 120 minutes. It is hypothesized that the interaction of homeostatic and circadian processes is responsible for helping humans to maintain wakefulness during the day and consolidated sleep at nigh ...
... ultradian process within sleep is believed to control the alternation between REMNREM sleep every 90 to 120 minutes. It is hypothesized that the interaction of homeostatic and circadian processes is responsible for helping humans to maintain wakefulness during the day and consolidated sleep at nigh ...
Physiological origins and functional correlates of EEG rhythmic
... According to Pavlov, under these circumstances "the positive conditioned stimulus itself becomes, under definite conditions negative or inhibitory." He proposed further that some instances of natural sleep onset were caused by an identical process. We became interested in the concept of internal inh ...
... According to Pavlov, under these circumstances "the positive conditioned stimulus itself becomes, under definite conditions negative or inhibitory." He proposed further that some instances of natural sleep onset were caused by an identical process. We became interested in the concept of internal inh ...
Stretch reflexes. (Final).
... Signals sent to a whole muscle (like the biceps) causing it to contract, travel from the spinal cord through alpha motor neurons. When this occurs, only extrafusal muscle fibers would contract. Meanwhile, the intrafusal muscle fibers within the muscle spindles would go slack and information from the ...
... Signals sent to a whole muscle (like the biceps) causing it to contract, travel from the spinal cord through alpha motor neurons. When this occurs, only extrafusal muscle fibers would contract. Meanwhile, the intrafusal muscle fibers within the muscle spindles would go slack and information from the ...
Spatiotemporal Properties of Eye Position Signals
... each neuron was determined by changing directions of targets in 45 steps. Occurrence of action potentials was time stamped, and was saved in files with data of eye movements, location and timing of visual stimuli during the experiments. Data Acquisition and Analysis Horizontal and vertical eye posi ...
... each neuron was determined by changing directions of targets in 45 steps. Occurrence of action potentials was time stamped, and was saved in files with data of eye movements, location and timing of visual stimuli during the experiments. Data Acquisition and Analysis Horizontal and vertical eye posi ...
The Differential Role of Motor Cortex in Stretch Reflex Modulation
... loops appear to add flexibility to the human stretch reflex, once considered to be immutable, allowing it to adapt across a range of functional tasks. However, the purpose of this adaptation remains unclear. A common proposal is that stretch reflexes contribute to the regulation of limb stability; i ...
... loops appear to add flexibility to the human stretch reflex, once considered to be immutable, allowing it to adapt across a range of functional tasks. However, the purpose of this adaptation remains unclear. A common proposal is that stretch reflexes contribute to the regulation of limb stability; i ...
Responses of Primate Caudal Parabrachial Nucleus and Ko¨lliker
... integration, particularly for the development of affective responses to gravitoinertial challenges. Extracellular recordings were made from caudal PBN cells in three alert, adult female Macaca nemestrina through an implanted chamber. Sinusoidal and position trapezoid angular whole body rotation was ...
... integration, particularly for the development of affective responses to gravitoinertial challenges. Extracellular recordings were made from caudal PBN cells in three alert, adult female Macaca nemestrina through an implanted chamber. Sinusoidal and position trapezoid angular whole body rotation was ...
BIOINFORMATICS ORIGINAL PAPER
... long-term detached retina do not deviate from the spatial patterns observed on normal retinas. Our methodology uses a geodesic feature space that is independent of Euclidean space: the scale of the images and rotation of the retina about the optic nerve have no impact on the results. The scale and r ...
... long-term detached retina do not deviate from the spatial patterns observed on normal retinas. Our methodology uses a geodesic feature space that is independent of Euclidean space: the scale of the images and rotation of the retina about the optic nerve have no impact on the results. The scale and r ...
Electrophysiological markers of Rapid Eye Movements in
... the hallmarks of cognitive sciences. Saccades permit individuals to rapidly move the fovea, acquiring high quality visual information from a limited portion of the visual scene (Henderson 2003). Therefore REMs enable to scan in detail the environment and orientate attention to a limited portion of t ...
... the hallmarks of cognitive sciences. Saccades permit individuals to rapidly move the fovea, acquiring high quality visual information from a limited portion of the visual scene (Henderson 2003). Therefore REMs enable to scan in detail the environment and orientate attention to a limited portion of t ...
Neuroscience in space
Space neuroscience is the scientific study of the central nervous system (CNS) functions during spaceflight. Living systems can integrate the inputs from the senses to navigate in their environment and to coordinate posture, locomotion, and eye movements. Gravity has a fundamental role in controlling these functions. In weightlessness during spaceflight, integrating the sensory inputs and coordinating motor responses is harder to do because gravity is no longer sensed during free-fall. For example, the otolith organs of the vestibular system no longer signal head tilt relative to gravity when standing. However, they can still sense head translation during body motion. Ambiguities and changes in how the gravitational input is processed can lead to potential errors in perception, which affects spatial orientation and mental representation. Dysfunctions of the vestibular system are common during and immediately after spaceflight, such as space motion sickness in orbit and balance disorders after return to Earth.Adaptation to weightlessness involves not just the Sensory-motor coupling functions, but some autonomic nervous system functions as well. Sleep disorders and orthostatic intolerance are also common during and after spaceflight. There is no hydrostatic pressure in a weightless environment. As a result, the redistribution of body fluids toward the upper body causes a decrease in leg volume, which may affect muscle viscosity and compliance. An increase in intracranial pressure may also be responsible for a decrease in near visual acuity. In addition, muscle mass and strength both decrease as a result of the reduced loading in weightlessness. Moreover, approximately 70% of astronauts experience space motion sickness to some degree during the first days. The drugs commonly used to combat motion sickness, such as scopolamine and promethazine, have soporific effects. These factors can lead to chronic fatigue. The challenge of integrative space medicine and physiology is to investigate the adaptation of the human body to spaceflight as a whole, and not just as the sum of body parts because all body functions are connected and interact with each other.